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- Qvarlander, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid and blood flow patterns in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 135:5, s. 576-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Increased aqueduct cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow pulsatility and, recently, a reversed CSF flow in the aqueduct have been suggested as hallmarks of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH). However, these findings have not been adequately confirmed. Our objective was to investigate the flow of blood and CSF in INPH, as compared to healthy elderly, in order to clarify which flow parameters are related to the INPH pathophysiology.Materials and Methods: Sixteen INPH patients (73 years) and 35 healthy subjects (72 years) underwent phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Measurements included aqueduct and cervical CSF flow, total arterial inflow (tCBF; i.e. carotid + vertebral arteries), and internal jugular vein flow. Flow pulsatility, net flow, and flow delays were compared (multiple linear regression, correcting for sex and age).Results: Aqueduct stroke volume was higher in INPH than healthy (148±95 vs 90±50 mL, P<.05). Net aqueduct CSF flow was similar in magnitude and direction. The cervical CSF stroke volume was lower (P<.05). The internal carotid artery net flow was lower in INPH (P<.05), although tCBF was not. No differences were found in internal jugular vein flow or flow delays.Conclusions: The typical flow of blood and CSF in INPH was mainly characterized by increased CSF pulsatility in the aqueduct and reduced cervical CSF pulsatility. The direction of mean net aqueduct CSF flow was from the third to the fourth ventricle. Our findings may reflect the altered distribution of intracranial CSF volume in INPH, although the causality of these relationships is unclear.
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| 2. |
- Ahlbäck, Tor
(författare)
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Digitala skrivtavlor - till vad, hur och varför? : En studie om den digitala skrivtavlans betydelse för grundskolans digitalisering utifrån ett lärarperspektiv
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis is to examine in what aspects the interactive whiteboard (IWB) has contributed to the digitalization of our schools, and how it may have changed the actual teaching in the classroom. This research explores this question from a didactic perspective, as well as from the perspective of the teachers’ reflections. The main research questions are: What do teachers use the IWB for? How do teachers use the IWB? Why do teachers use the IWB? These questions have been analyzed within a didactic framework, which is based on the expanded didactic triangle (Hudson & Meyer 2011) and the logic of events (von Wright 1983). Data was collected by interviews and surveys. The analysis was done abductively, based on a mixed methods approach. The results show that the IWB has the function of a digital hub in whole-class teaching, being mainly used as a computer projector, film projector and digital whiteboard. The main value of the IWB according to the study is that it provides the teacher access to digital information during a class. In their response, teachers express a wish to vary and adapt the teaching to include the IWB, in order to increase student motivation and participation. The study shows major differences with regards to the extent and the ways that the IWB is used in relation to teacher and school, leading to differences in pupils’ learning. Moreover, the complexity of teaching increases with the introduction of the IWB, as it requires the development of the teacher’s knowledge and skills. The study indicates that the use of the IWB implies a shift of the norm in school’s whole-class teaching to become more digital. The results are further discussed through four aspects of education: classroom practice, teachers, the school as an organization and society as a whole. The results imply that in order to develop teachers’ didactic repertoire, teachers need to be given clear assignments as well as opportunities for investigating the possibilities and limitations of digital tools, including developing and describing different methods and their advantages and disadvantages. This is proposed to be an area for further research in general and subject didactics, through action and participatory research.
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| 3. |
- Anders, Halldin, et al.
(författare)
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Improved osseointegration and interlocking capacity with dual acid treated implants: a rabbit study.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 27, s. 22-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To investigate how osseointegration is affected by different nano- and microstructures. The hypothesis was that the surface structure created by dual acid treatment (AT-1), applied on a reduced topography, might achieve equivalent biomechanical performance as a rougher surface treated with hydrofluoric acid (HF). Materials and methods In a preclinical rabbit study, three groups (I, II, and III) comprised of test and control implants were inserted in 30 rabbits. The microstructures of the test implants were either produced by blasting with coarse (I) or fine (II) titanium particles or remained turned (III). All test implants were thereafter treated with AT-1 resulting in three different test surfaces. The microstructure of the control implants was produced by blasting with coarse titanium particles thereafter treated with HF. The surface topography was characterized by interferometry. Biomechanical (removal torque) and histomorphometric (bone–implant contact; bone area) performances were measured after 4 or 12 weeks of healing. Results Removal torque measurement demonstrated that test implants in group I had an enhanced biomechanical performance compared to that of the control despite similar surface roughness value (Sa). At 4 weeks of healing, group II test implants showed equivalent biomechanical performance to that of the control, despite a decreased Sa value. Group III test implants showed decreased biomechanical performance to that of the control. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that nano- and microstructure alteration by AT-1 on a blasted implant might enhance the initial biomechanical performance, while for longer healing time, the surface interlocking capacity seems to be more important.
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| 4. |
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| 6. |
- Casar-Borota, Olivera, et al.
(författare)
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A novel dynamin-2 gene mutation associated with a late-onset centronuclear myopathy with necklace fibres
- 2015
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Ingår i: Neuromuscular Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8966 .- 1873-2364. ; 25:4, s. 345-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nuclear centralisation and internalisation, sarcoplasmic radiating strands and type 1 muscle fibre predominance and hypotrophy characterise dynamin-2 (DNM2) associated centronuclear myopathy, whereas necklace fibres are typically seen in late onset myotubularin-1 (MTM1)-related myopathy. We report a woman with unilateral symptoms probably related to brachial plexus neuritis. Electromyography revealed localised neuropathic and generalised myopathic abnormalities. The typical features of DNM2 centronuclear myopathy with additional necklace fibres were found in the muscle biopsy. Sequencing of the DNM2 and MTM1 genes revealed a novel heterozygous missense mutation in exon 18 of the DNM2, leading to replacement of highly conserved proline at position 647 by arginine. The muscle symptoms have not progressed during the 3-year follow-up. However, the patient has developed bilateral subtle lens opacities. Our findings support the concept that necklace fibres may occasionally be found in DNM2-related myopathy, possibly indicating a common pathogenic mechanism in DNM2 and MTM1 associated centronuclear myopathy. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Chiurchiu, Valerio, et al.
(författare)
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Proresolving lipid mediators resolvin D1, resolvin D2, and maresin 1 are critical in modulating T cell responses
- 2016
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Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 8:353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resolution of inflammation is a finely regulated process mediated by specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived resolvins and maresins. The immunomodulatory role of SPMs in adaptive immune cells is of interest. We report that D-series resolvins (resolvin D1 and resolvin D2) and maresin 1 modulate adaptive immune responses in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. These lipid mediators reduce cytokine production by activated CD8(+) T cells and CD4(+) T helper 1 (T(H)1) and T(H)17 cells but do not modulate T cell inhibitory receptors or abrogate their capacity to proliferate. Moreover, these SPMs prevented naive CD4(+) T cell differentiation into T(H)1 and T(H)17 by down-regulating their signature transcription factors, T-bet and Rorc, in a mechanism mediated by the GPR32 and ALX/FPR2 receptors; they concomitantly enhanced de novo generation and function of Foxp3(+) regulatory T (T-reg) cells via the GPR32 receptor. These results were also supported in vivo in a mouse deficient for DHA synthesis (Elovl2(-/-)) that showed an increase in T(H)1/T(H)17 cells and a decrease in T-reg cells compared to wild-type mice. Additionally, either DHA supplementation in Elovl2(-/-) mice or in vivo administration of resolvin D1 significantly reduced cytokine production upon specific stimulation of T cells. These findings demonstrate actions of specific SPMs on adaptive immunity and provide a new avenue for SPM-based approaches to modulate chronic inflammation.
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| 8. |
- De Vin, Leo, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Lean Production Training for the Manufacturing Industry : Experiences from Karlstad Lean Factory
- 2017
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Ingår i: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 2351-9789. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both literature and manufacturing companies state that simulators for providing training in lean production to industrialemployees must be similar to the work environment. This motivated the design of Karlstad Lean Factory, which is a trainingenvironment that realistically resembles an industrial environment. It is a full-scale training facility that incorporates acombination of materials processing and assembly. Parameters such as processing times, breakdown intervals and repair typescan be set. Examples of basic and more advanced training scenarios are given. Experiences from training groups of industrialemployees are described; inhomogeneity of these groups requires some specific attention.
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| 9. |
- Englund, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein promotes prostate cancer progression by enhancing invasion and disrupting intracellular calcium homeostasis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 8:58, s. 98298-98311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) was recently implicated in the progression of breast cancer. Immunostaining of 342 prostate cancer specimens in tissue microarrays showed that COMP expression is not breast cancer-specific but also occurs in prostate cancer. The expression of COMP in prostate cancer cells correlated with a more aggressive disease with faster recurrence. Subcutaneous xenografts in immunodeficient mice showed that the prostate cancer cell line DU145 overexpressing COMP formed larger tumors in vivo as compared to mock-transfected cells. Purified COMP bound to and enhanced the invasion of DU145 cells in vitro in an integrin-dependent manner. In addition, intracellular COMP expression interfered with cellular metabolism by causing a decreased level of oxidative phosphorylation with a concurrent upregulation of lactate production (Warburg effect). Further, expression of COMP protected cells from induction of apoptosis via several pathways. The effect of COMP on metabolism and apoptosis induction was dependent on the ability of COMP to disrupt intracellular Ca2+ signalling by preventing Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. In conclusion, COMP is a potent driver of the progression of prostate cancer, acting in an anti-apoptotic fashion by interfering with the Ca2+ homeostasis of cancer cells.
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| 10. |
- González-Bengtsson, Amanda, 1986-
(författare)
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ELOVL2 and PUFA biosynthesis : Impact on sex-specific processes in mammals
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Endogenously synthesized PUFAs (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids) vary in production depending on medical conditions, gender, developmental phase, age, fertility status, pregnancy and lactation. PUFA biosynthesis is further regulated via amount of dietary intake as well as genetically. A key player in the PUFA biosynthesis enzyme machinery is the fatty acid elongase Elongation of very long-chain fatty acids 2 (ELOVL2) that is essential for the production of the omega-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) that has many beneficial health effects. In the omega-6 PUFA series, ELOVL2 produces docosapentaenoic acid (DPA n-6, 22:5 n-6). Specifically, ELOVL2 enables the elongation of PUFA with 22 carbons to generate precursors of 24 carbons for the generation of the previously mentioned end products as well as very long-chain (VLC) PUFA up to C34.This thesis elucidates that estrogen has the power to modulate ELOVL2 expression in breast cancer cells and that this probably is due to ligand dependent binding of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) to the Elovl2 enhancer. In addition, estrogen via ERα modulates hepatic levels of Elovl2 in mice in a gender specific manner. Ablation of Elovl2 leads to whole body deficiency of DHA. The thesis unravels that systemic DHA levels in neonatal mice is determined both by the ELOVL2 status of the mother and the offspring. Ablation of Elovl2 also leads to impaired spermatogenesis and infertility in male mice. However, heterozygous Elovl2-ablated mice, differ in fertility potency depending on strain. Here we show that this discrepancy is linked to an altered ratio between saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids and VLC-PUFA moieties of glucosylceramides in testis.
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