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- Czarniawska-Joerges, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Political Organizations and Commedia Dell’Arte
- 1995
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Ingår i: Organization Studies. - Berlin : de Gruynter. - 0170-8406 .- 1741-3044. ; 16:3, s. 375-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper employs the dramatistic metaphor of commedia dell’arte to interpret developments in a set of interlocking public administrative organizations in Sweden. More specifically, the performances given by state and municipal politicians studied in several projects of ours are analyzed, with the help of what we know of this special kind of theatre. In so doing, we relate to a long tradition within the social sciences. The symbolic acting, the public perform ances, and the ambiguous connection between ideas and realities of various sorts that are evident all made the theatre metaphor appear relevant to an analysis of politics in society at large and in organizations within it. Of the different forms of theatre, commedia dell’arte is that which seems to render itself best to the exploration and interpretation of contemporary organizations within the public sector, imprinted as they are with the stamp of modern demo cratic politics, which bespeaks force but is highly contradictory.
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| 4. |
- Ferry, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Spectroscopic studies of luminescent and ionically conducting Eu[N(CF3SO2)2]3-PPG4000 complexes
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 109:7, s. 2921-2928
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alternating current impedance, Fourier transform Raman/infrared (IR), and luminescence excitation (continuous and time-resolved) measurements have been conducted on solutions of poly(propylene glycol) (MW 4000) complexed with Eu[N(CF3SO2)2]3 salt, EuTFSI3, along with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies. From observed frequency shifts of characteristic internal anionic vibrational modes (Raman and IR), we conclude that the salt is solvated by the polymer host. The TFSI anions, however, interact extensively with Eu3+ cations at all concentrations investigated. Ion-polymer interactions are manifested as changes in characteristic vibrational modes of the polymer. Continuous and time-resolved site-selective luminescence data give, respectively, evidence for two different types of chemical environments for solvated Eu3+ cations. In particular, the strongly forbidden non-degenerate 5D0 - 7F0 transition exhibits a structured two-component profile in the spectra. DSC data show that the glass transition temperature, Tg, is only marginally affected by the introduction of a relatively high concentration of salt into the host matrix, whereas the resulting polymer-salt complex is of rubbery character, distinctly different from the pure host polymer, which is a viscous liquid at room temperature. The present findings are interpreted in terms of a phase-segregated microstructure. This conjecture is supported by previous studies on PPG4000-based electrolytes indicating microscopic phase anomalies.
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- Furlani, Maurizio, et al.
(författare)
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Time resolved luminescence and vibrational spectroscopic studies on complexes of poly(ethylene oxide) oligomers and EuTFSI3 salt
- 1998
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Ingår i: Solid State Ionics. - : Elsevier. - 0167-2738 .- 1872-7689. ; 113-115:1-2, s. 129-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AC impedance, FT-Raman/IR, DSC, continuous and time resolved luminescence measurements have been conducted on solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), MW 400, and poly(ethylene glycol)-dimethyl ether (DME), MW 425, complexed with Eu[N(CF3SO2)2]3 salt, EuTFSI3. Ion-polymer interactions are manifested as changes in characteristic vibrational modes of the polymer, including CH, and -OH stretching motions at ∼2700-3700 cm-1, and also in cation-induced polymer modes at ∼ 865-910 cm-1. Comparing the vibrational features of the TFSI anion (i.e., both Raman and IR), we find no modes that are substantially changing with increasing salt concentration, or upon change of cation (i.e., M = Li+, Na+ or Eu3+). This observation suggests that TFSI-salts are highly dissociated in PEO oligomer solvents even up to relatively high salt concentrations (i.e., O:M = 26: 1). Clear evidence of -OH end-group coordination in the PEG systems emerges from IR spectra and the strong dependence of T-g upon salt concentration, and also from the pronounced temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity. Despite of this, however, few distinct differences could be observed in the luminescence spectra between the PEG and the DME host materials. Luminescence spectra of Eu3+ show a relatively small distribution of energies (30 cm-1 FWHM in 5D0 - 7F0) in a low-symmetry site throughout the entire concentration range investigated for both PEG and DME solvents. The population decays of the 5D0 excited state, measured by exciting to the degenerate state 5D1 with a pulsed dye laser, are also very similar for the PEG and DME hosts (lifetimes = 0.35 ms).
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| 8. |
- Jacobsson, Bengt
(författare)
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Politik och styrning i den moderna världen
- 1999
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Ingår i: Bör demokratin avnationaliseras?. - Stockholm : Fakta info direkt. - 9176109135 ; , s. 79-110
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Jacobsson, Bengt
(författare)
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The metabolism of HIV RT inhibitors : biochemical and clinical studies
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- HIV infection is currently treated with a combination of nucleoside analogues and protease inhibitors. Nucleoside analogues inhibit HIV-1 reversed transcriptase (RT), a vital enzyme in the life cycle of HIV. Nucleoside analogues are phophorylated by host-cell enzymes to their respective triphosphate. Azidothymidine (AZT) is phosphorylated to AZTMP by TK1, to AZTDP by dTMPK, and finally to AZTTP, the pharmacological active metabolite, by NDPK. There are large differences in clinical effect and adverse events in AZT treated patients. The intracellular metabolism of nucleoside analogues including AZT, and the responsible enzymes was studied in cells from healthy individuals and HIV-I infected patients. The intracellular anabolism of AZT was investigated in PHA stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). There was a block in the anabolism of AZT at the thymidylate level. AZTMP constituted 96% while the active metabolite AZTTP only 2% of total intracellular metabolites. This block increased with higher extracellular concentration of AZT. The T1/2 of AZTTP was 3.5 h compared to I h for AZT in serum. There was a large inter- and intraindividual variation in the levels of phosphorylation. In order to elucidate the reason for this large variation the activity of thymidine kinase (TK I ) and thymidylate kinase (dTMPK) was determined in extracts from PBMC. The same large variation was noted also for the enzyme activities. Furthermore, a clear decrease of TKI and dTMPK activity was noted in cell extracts from HIV-1 infected patients compared to cell extracts from healthy individuals. This downregulation was not due to a different extent of cell stimulation as measured by flow cytometry. The level of dCK activity, a cell cycle independent enzyme, was not decreased in cell extracts from HIV-I infected patients. The amount of TK 1 polypeptide, determined immunologically, was directly related to the enzyme activity. To further clarify the mechanism for the different enzyme activity, a quantitative PCR method for TKI cDNA was developed. We compared AZT phosphorylation in PBMC from healthy persons and HIV infected subjects and found that TKI and dTMPK which phosphorylated d4T and AZT were decreased in cells from HIV 1 infected subjects. dTMPK activity was quantified in different HIV negative cells and tissues. Three levels of thymidylate kinase activity were found, the lowest in cells without proliferative capacity e.g. brain tissue. A medium level in normal and stimulated cells and a high level in several malignant cells and Iymphoid tissue. These results have implications for antiretroviral treatment since Iymphoid cells are a reservoir for HIV-I during the asymptomatic period of the disease. dTMPK activity with AZTMP as substrate was only 0.5% as compared to when dTMP was used as substrate. Foscarnet acts as a non-phosphorylated product analogue for RT, in contrast to nucleoside analogues which are substrate analogues. The clinical effect of foscarnet was determined in a group of asymptomatic HIV infected patients. Patients without CMV infection were treated with foscarnet (50mg/kg bodyweight x 3, iv.). There was a good antiretroviral effect measured by plasma HIV-I RNA levels.
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