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| 2. |
- Artman, Henrik, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Effektiv miljötillsyn : slutrapport
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Målsättningen har varit att ta fram ny kunskap inom miljötillsynen och därigenom uppnå en effektivare miljötillsyn samt att få in nya vetenskapliga perspektiv på miljötillsyn.I rapporten studeras metoder för inspektioner och det kommunikativa samspelet mellan inspektören och företrädare för den verksamhet som inspekteras, hur den institutionella ramen för inspektionsprocessen fungerar samt visar på möjligheter att mäta effekterna av inspektioner och tillsyn.Naturvårdsverket kommer att ha resultatet som ett kunskapsunderlag i fortsatt arbete med tillsynsvägledning och utveckling av hur tillsyn och tillsynsvägledning kan följas upp och utvärderas.
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| 3. |
- Cederkrantz, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Effects on the Peritoneum After Intraperitoneal α-Radioimmunotherapy with (211)At.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1557-8852 .- 1084-9785. ; 27:6, s. 353-364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract The introduction of the short-lived α-emitter (211)At to intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy has raised the issue of the tolerance dose of the peritoneum. The short range of the α-particles (70μm) and the short half-life (7.21h) of the nuclide yield a dose distribution in which the peritoneum is highly irradiated compared with other normal tissues. To address this issue, mice were injected with (211)At-trastuzumab to irradiate the peritoneum to absorbed doses ranging between 0 and 50 Gy and followed for up to 34 weeks. The peritoneum-to-plasma clearance of a small tracer, (51)Cr-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, was measured for evaluation of the small solute transport capacity of the peritoneal membrane. The macroscopic status of the peritoneum and the mesenteric windows was documented when the mice were sacrificed. Biopsies of the peritoneum were taken for morphology and immunohistochemical staining against plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and calprotectin. Peritoneum-to-plasma clearance measurements indicated a dose-dependent decrease in peritoneal transport capacity in irradiated mice. However, macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of the peritoneal membrane showed no difference between irradiated mice versus controls. The results imply that the peritoneal membrane tolerates absorbed doses as high as 30-50 Gy from α-particle irradiation with limited response.
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- Engman, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Neural Correlates of Anxiety States in Patients with Social Anxiety Disorder
- 2011
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 69, s. 70S-70S
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: In social anxiety disorder (SAD), the fear of being negatively evaluated by others can restrict individual everyday life, due to the anxiety caused by social interactions. How this anxiety is processed in the brain is only partly understood. We aimed to examine the correlations between subjective anxiety states and brain activity in a large sample of SAD patients, during an anxiety-provoking task.Methods: Data were merged from three randomized clinical PET-trials investigating regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during a public speaking task pre- and post treatment (SSRI n = 35, placebo n = 37). All participants met diagnostical criteria for SAD. rCBF was assessed with [15O]-labeled water and state anxiety was measured using the Spielberger state anxiety scale (STAI-S). These measures where then correlated using a covariate of interest approach in Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM2).Results: rCBF and STAI-S scores correlated positively in the left parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala, as well as in the right premotor cortex (area 6). Negative correlations were observed in the left superior frontal gyrus, thalamus, and the right parahippocampal gyrus. Negative correlations were also found bilaterally in the cerebellum.Conclusions: The correlations between clinical anxiety states and brain activity were noted in areas previously demonstrated to be involved in emotional regulation and motor preparedness.
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| 5. |
- Faria, Vanda, et al.
(författare)
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Amygdala Subregions Tied to SSRI and Placebo Response in Patients with Social Anxiety Disorder
- 2012
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Ingår i: Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0893-133X .- 1740-634X. ; 37:10, s. 2222-2232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The amygdala is a key structure in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders, and a putative target for anxiolytic treatments, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and placebo seem to induce anxiolytic effects by attenuating amygdala responsiveness. However, conflicting amygdala findings have also been reported. Moreover, the neural profile of responders and nonresponders is insufficiently characterized and it remains unknown whether SSRIs and placebo engage common or distinct amygdala subregions or different modulatory cortical areas. We examined similarities and differences in the neural response to SSRIs and placebo in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Positron emission tomography (PET) with oxygen-15-labeled water was used to assess regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 72 patients with SAD during an anxiogenic public speaking task, before and after 6-8 weeks of treatment under double-blind conditions. Response rate was determined by the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale. Conjunction analysis revealed a common rCBF-attenuation from pre- to post-treatment in responders to SSRIs and placebo in the left basomedial/basolateral and right ventrolateral amygdala. This rCBF pattern con-elated with behavioral measures of reduced anxiety and differentiated responders from nonresponders. However, nonanxiolytic treatment effects were also observed in the amygdala. All subgroups, including nonresponders, showed deactivation of the left lateral part of the amygdala. No rCBF differences were found between SSRI responders and placebo responders. This study provides new insights into the brain dynamics underlying anxiety relief by demonstrating common amygdala targets for pharmacologically and psychologically induced anxiety reduction, and by showing that the amygdala is functionally heterogeneous in anxiolysis.
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| 6. |
- Faria, Vanda, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in Amygdala Responsivity Between Responders and Nonresponders to SSRIs in Patients with Social Anxiety Disorder
- 2011
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Ingår i: Biol. Psychiatry 69, 70S-71S.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly accepted as the first line pharmacological therapy for anxiety disorders and depression. However, there is a high percentage of patients that fail to achieve satisfactory response with SSRI treatments. The neural mechanisms underlying effective and ineffective outcome with SSRIs are not well characterized. The amygdala has dense serotonergic innervation, and studies have suggested the amygdala to be a crucial brain target for SSRI treatment. This study aimed at investigating differences in amygdala responsivity between responders and nonresponders to SSRI treatments in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD).Methods: Stress-related regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in SAD patients (n=35) with 15O-water positron emission tomography (PET) during public speaking before and after 6-8 weeks of treatment with citalopram or paroxetine. Response rate was determined by the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale.Results: Within-group comparisons revealed reduced rCBF response bilaterally in the amygdala in responders (n=20) as well as in nonresponders (n=15). Between-group contrasts revealed a greater amygdala attenuation in responders (>nonresponders) in the left basolateral/basomedial (x-16, y-6, z-14, Z=1.66, Puncorr=0.024) and right ventrolateral subregions (x26, y-4, z-26, Z=2.12, Puncorr=0.009). However, greater rCBF attenuation in nonresponders (> responders) was observed in the left lateral amygdala (x-28, y-6, z-14, Z=2.38, Puncorr=0.005).Conclusions: Lowered amygdala responsivity does not seem to be exclusively related to clinical improvement in anxiety patients. In accordance with animal literature, our data suggest that amygdala subregions are functionally heterogeneous with regards to anxiolysis.
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| 9. |
- Hellgren, Gunnel, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Proliferative Retinopathy Is Associated with Impaired Increase in BDNF and RANTES Expression Levels after Preterm Birth.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Neonatology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1661-7819 .- 1661-7800. ; 98:4, s. 409-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Extremely preterm delivery is, amongst other complications, associated with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Untreated, ROP can progress to visual impairment and blindness due to an overgrowth of new vessels in the retina and vitreous cavity. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify cytokine markers within the first weeks of life that could be used to predict the risk for development of ROP later in life. Methods: Serum levels of 27 different cytokines in infants born at gestational weeks 23-30 were analyzed using a multiplex immunoassay method and compared between infants who did not develop ROP and infants who later developed proliferative ROP. In addition, mRNA levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in retinas from mice exposed to hyperoxia were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: At birth, serum levels of IL-5 were higher in infants with no ROP compared to infants with proliferative ROP. 10-14 days after birth, serum levels of BDNF and RANTES were lower in infants who later developed proliferative ROP compared to infants who did not develop ROP. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of BDNF in retinas from mice exposed to hyperoxia were significantly lower at postnatal day 15 compared to retinas from mice in room air. Conclusions: These results indicate that BDNF and RANTES may be important factors in the selective vulnerability of ROP development in preterm infants.
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| 10. |
- Jacobsson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Arbetslös, sjuk och utanför
- 2010
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Ingår i: Känslan för det allmänna. - Umeå : Boréa bokförlag. - 9189140710 - 9789189140714 ; , s. 151-176
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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