| 1. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
Review of Child Car Occupant Fatalities in Sweden During Six Decades
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings: IRCOBI Conference; September 11-13; Gothenburg, Sweden. ; , s. 1-14
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of fatal outcome was reviewed based on crash data including all fatally injured 0–14 year old car occupants in Sweden during 1956–2011 and put in relation to general improvements in vehicle and road safety and implementation of restraint systems.The review revealed a substantial decrease in crash‐related fatalities among 0–14 year old car occupants during the past three decades, representing a significant drop of 83% compared to the highest scores in the 1960s–70s. During 1992–2011, a total of 194 crash‐related fatalities were registered; the majority occurred on high‐speed roads. Head injury was a primary cause of death, in a total of 54% of all cases. Two fifths of the crashes involved a single car, while three fifths involved other vehicles. In total, 24% of the children were unrestrained, and 59% of those were ejected during crashes. Among the restrained children, 56% were considered to be appropriately restrained according to Swedish recommendations. Crash severity, complex crash situation, fire and drowning were factors that contributed to the fatal outcome, even though the restraint usage was considered to be optimal.
|
|
| 2. |
- Albin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Nya arbetsmiljöplanen inte långsiktigt hållbar
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Bulletin från Arbets- och miljömedicin Syd och Yrkes- och miljödermatologi, Malmö. - 2000-3633. ; , s. 1-2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Globalisering, ny teknologi och demografiska förändringar innebär genomgripande förändringar av arbetsmiljö och arbetsorganisation. Om arbetsmiljöpolitiken då inte är tydlig och viljeinriktad finns en påtaglig risk för ett polariserat arbetsliv, där de som kan välja mellan olika arbetsgivare får en god och utvecklande arbetsmiljö, medan de andra riskerar att bli hänvisade till förhållanden där inte ens arbetsmiljölagens minimikrav efterlevs. Det snedvrider konkurrensen, och ger negativa spiraler vad gäller arbetsmiljö, arbetsrelaterad ohälsa och gap i hälsa mellan olika grupper i samhället.
|
|
| 3. |
- Austeng, Dordi, et al.
(författare)
-
Incidence of and risk factors for neonatal morbidity after active perinatal care : extremely preterm infants study in Sweden (EXPRESS)
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 99:7, s. 978-992
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neonatal morbidity in extremely preterm infants and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: Population based study of infants born before 27 gestational weeks and admitted for neonatal intensive care in Sweden during 2004-2007. Results: Of 638 admitted infants, 141 died. Among these, life support was withdrawn in 55 infants because of anticipation of poor long-term outcome. Of 497 surviving infants, 10% developed severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), 5.7% cystic periventricular leucomalacia (cPVL), 41% septicaemia and 5.8% necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC); 61% had patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and 34% developed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage >= 3. Eighty-five per cent needed mechanical ventilation and 25% developed severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Forty-seven per cent survived to one year of age without any severe IVH, cPVL, severe ROP, severe BPD or NEC. Tocolysis increased and prolonged mechanical ventilation decreased the chances of survival without these morbidities. Maternal smoking and higher gestational duration were associated with lower risk of severe ROP, whereas PDA and poor growth increased this risk. Conclusion: Half of the infants surviving extremely preterm birth suffered from severe neonatal morbidities. Studies on how to reduce these morbidities and on the long-term health of survivors are warranted.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bergman, Mats A., 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparing merger policies in the European Union and the United States
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Review of Industrial Organization. - : Springer. - 0889-938X .- 1573-7160. ; 36:4, s. 305-331
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We collect a sample of EU and US merger investigations, estimate models of the regulatory decisions, and use the models to compare merger policies. Our approach allows us to decompose observed differences into policy effects and case-mix effects. Focusing on dominance mergers, we find that the EU is tougher than the US on average, in particular for mergers resulting in moderate market shares. However, the US appears to be more aggressive for coordinated interaction and non-dominance unilateral effects cases. Overall, our analysis detects substantial differences in policies, but it does not classify one regime as being more aggressive than the other.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bergman, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Merger Control in the European Union and The United States : Just the Facts
- 2011
-
Ingår i: European Competition Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-1056 .- 1757-8396. ; 7:1, s. 89-125
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a combination of public and internal information, this paper compares and contrasts European Union (EU) and United States (US) merger policies. Common economic analysis leads both authorities to subject remarkably comparable portfolios of mergers to close scrutiny. Vertical mergers account for less than 10%, and potential competition matters for around 5%, of in-depth merger investigations in both jurisdictions, while purely conglomerate mergers are extremely rare or non-existent. The share of collusion investigations falls over time in both jurisdictions. However, the US relies on collusion theory more than three times as often as the EU, where over 80% of the horizontal cases address dominance. Across both regimes, roughly one eighth of all recent horizontal investigations have been analysed as non-dominance unilateral-effects cases. Only minor differences in the average probability of a merger being challenged are observed when controlling for market share. The 2004 EU reforms seem to be leading towards at least some convergence of enforcement policy.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Charlton, Judith, et al.
(författare)
-
Naturalistic Observation of Children in Cars: An International Partnership
- 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is well known that in the rear seat of cars, small children squirm, slide, slump, sleep, play and interact with their fellow passengers. Our previous findings from a pilot study show that children rarely remain in an optimal position for the efficient functioning of their restraint systems throughout the duration of their journey. Such behaviours may not only affect restraint effectiveness but may also have a negative influence on driver performance and distraction. Moreover, quantification of children’s position and out-of-position (OOP) status (i.e., their actual position relative to the ideal position for which the technology was designed) has important implications for design of test programs using anthropomorphic test devices (ATD) intended to mimic the human occupant. For example, understanding true pre-crash positions may lead to different design specifications of rear seat restraint systems and energy management features of the vehicle interior compared with the kinds of solutions that might arise from evaluations with an in-position ATD. This paper builds on our preliminary research findings and describes the design of the first international large-scale study of children in cars which uses innovative methods to observe and quantify the positions of child occupants in cars and identify the injury effects of OOP status and its impact on driver distraction. The study will facilitate a paradigm-shifting advance in child occupant protection – from the concept of safety technology designed to protect an ideally positioned occupant to the concept of dynamic restraint systems that maintain optimal restraint over a range of expected child positions/movements in a vehicle. Outcomes of the research will directly inform the design of future restraints for children, the development of appropriate crash test procedures that account for natural positions of child occupants, and the development of community awareness messages to improve the safety of children.
|
|
| 9. |
- Fred, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Little pieces of a large puzzle - sustainable change through evaluation impact
- 2012
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The implementation of the eight Swedish ERDF programmes involves a large number of projects in which innovative and entrepreneurial environments are developed and regional attractiveness is enhanced. Many projects show good results in terms of new initiatives, new methods and new forms of collaboration between academia, business and public agencies, but also in terms of new businesses and jobs created. The projects, and the regional ERDF programmes funding the projects, are expected to be in line with the revised Lisbon Strategy, the Europe 2020 Strategy and the Swedish national strategy for regional competitiveness, entrepreneurship and employment 2007– 2013. It is therefore important to describe and analyze the projects in the Swedish ERDF programmes as little pieces of a large puzzle involving far-reaching ambitions, not least regarding prerequisites for innovation and growth. From this perspective, the impact of ongoing evaluation on strengthening the project’s abilities and efforts to create sustainable change is of great interest. The concept of ongoing evaluation was introduced for the current programming period and around 120 major projects in the Swedish ERDF programmes have made use of it. In the study on which this report is based, we conducted a systematic review of final evaluation reports from ongoing evaluations at project level in Sweden. The empirical base of the study includes half of the existing ongoing project evaluations. As a complement to the review of reports, we also conducted seven case studies in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the projects, their ability to achieve longterm effects and the role of the ongoing evaluations. The analysis was carried out by using three mechanisms for sustainable change, namely, active ownership, collaboration and developmental learning. The study has shown that ongoing evaluation is still an immature ’profession’ and the reports reveal varying degrees of quality in the performance of the evaluations. In some cases the efforts of the evaluators have contributed to important improvements in the projects, while in other cases the evaluator’s efforts can be seen as a traditional monitoring of objectives and short-term results. A learning – interactive and supportive – evaluation is important, because many projects struggle with significant problems concerning, e.g. organization, steering and efforts in relation to overall objectives. But the study has also demonstrated that many successful projects do not only exhibit expected quantitative results, but also appear to create sustainable change in line with regional, national and EU strategies. The seven case studies presented in the report illustrate how ongoing evaluation has helped to improve the projects and generate long-term effects.
|
|
| 10. |
- Gaengel, K., et al.
(författare)
-
The Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor S1PR1 Restricts Sprouting Angiogenesis by Regulating the Interplay between VE-Cadherin and VEGFR2
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Developmental Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 1534-5807 .- 1878-1551. ; 23:3, s. 587-599
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angiogenesis, the process by which new blood vessels arise from preexisting ones, is critical for embryonic development and is an integral part of many disease processes. Recent studies have provided detailed information on how angiogenic sprouts initiate, elongate, and branch, but less is known about how these processes cease. Here, we show that S1PR1, a receptor for the blood-borne bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is critical for inhibition of angiogenesis and acquisition of vascular stability. Loss of S1PR1 leads to increased endothelial cell sprouting and the formation of ectopic vessel branches. Conversely, S1PR1 signaling inhibits angiogenic sprouting and enhances cell-to-cell adhesion. This correlates with inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)-induced signaling and stabilization of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin localization at endothelial junctions. Our data suggest that S1PR1 signaling acts as a vascular-intrinsic stabilization mechanism, protecting developing blood vessels against aberrant angiogenic responses.
|
|
