| 1. |
- Jonsson, B. G., et al.
(författare)
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Skogspolitiken hotar biologiska mångfalden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. ; 14 april
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ledande svenska forskare varnar för att det nationella naturarvet äventyras: Vi skäms över våra beslutsfattares likgiltighet för miljön. Den svenska skogen har förvandlats till en jättelik odlingsyta. Där förr otaliga arter levde samman i harmoni dominerar numera helt gran, tall och inplanterade främmande trädslag. Denna skogsodling utgör ett hot mot den biologiska mångfalden vilket strider mot riksdagens miljökvalitetsmål. Den svenska skogspolitiken vilar officiellt på att produktion av skogsråvara och miljö är likvärdiga mål. Men i praktiken har produktionen satts i första rummet. Bortåt 2 000 skogslevande arters överlevnad hotas på grund av den förda politiken. Vi är djupt oroade och skäms över att det rika Sverige inte arbetar effektivt för att nå nationella och internationella miljömål. Det skriver 14 ledande forskare i bland annat växtekologi, ekologisk zoologi och botanik.
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| 4. |
- Bergman, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Giftfritt – en nyttig utopi
- 2009
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Ingår i: Chemicalnet.se.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Boström, Jannika, et al.
(författare)
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Autumn migratory fuelling : a response to simulated magnetic displacement in juvenile wheatears, Oenathe oenathe
- 2010
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5443 .- 1432-0762. ; 64:11, s. 1725-1732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent experiments exposing migratory birds to altered magnetic fields simulating geographical displacements have shown that the geomagnetic field acts as an external cue affecting migratory fuelling behaviour. This is the first study investigating fuel deposition in relation to geomagnetic cues in long-distance migrants using the western passage of the Mediterranean region. Juvenile wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) were exposed to a magnetically simulated autumn migration from southern Sweden to West Africa. Birds displaced parallel to the west of their natural migration route, simulating an unnatural flight over the Atlantic Ocean, increased their fuel deposition compared to birds experiencing a simulated migration along the natural route. These birds, on the other hand, showed relatively low fuel loads in agreement with earlier data on wheatears trapped during stopover. The experimental displacement to the west, corresponding to novel sites in the Atlantic Ocean, led to a simulated longer distance to the wintering area, probably explaining the observed larger fuel loads. Our data verify previous results suggesting that migratory birds use geomagnetic cues for fuelling decisions and, for the first time, show that birds, on their first migration, can use geomagnetic cues to compensate for a displacement outside their normal migratory route, by adjusting fuel deposition.
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| 6. |
- Cresswell, Will, et al.
(författare)
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Does an opportunistic predator preferentially attack nonvigilant prey?
- 2003
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Ingår i: Animal Behaviour. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-3472 .- 1095-8282. ; 66:4, s. 643-648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dilution effect as an antipredation behaviour is the main theoretical reason for grouping in animals and states that all individuals in a group have an equal risk of being predated if equally spaced from each other and the predator. Stalking predators, however, increase their chance of attack success by preferentially targeting nonvigilant individuals, potentially making relative vigilance rates in a group relatively important in determining predation compared with the dilution effect. Many predators, however, attack opportunistically without stalking, when targeting of nonvigilant individuals may be less likely, so that the dilution effect will then be a relatively more important antipredation reason for grouping. We tested whether an opportunistically hunting predator, the sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus, preferentially attacked vigilant or feeding prey models presented in pairs. We found that sparrowhawks attacked vigilant and feeding mounts at similar frequencies. Our results suggest that individuals should prioritize maximizing group size or individual vigilance dependent on the type of predator from which they are at risk. When the most likely predator is a stalker, individuals should aim to have the highest vigilance levels in a group, and there may be relatively little selective advantage to being in the largest group. In contrast, if the most likely predator is an opportunist, then individuals should simply aim to be in the largest group and can also spend more time foraging without compromising predation risk. For most natural systems this will mean a trade-off between the two strategies dependent on the frequency of attack of each predator type.
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| 9. |
- Fryland, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping of T-cell subsets in relation to disease course in experimental Borrelia burgdorferi infection
- 2012
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Resolution of Lyme borreliosis has previously been shown to be associated with a strong initial Th1 response, followed by a subsequent Th2 response, shutting off inflammation. We mapped markers for Th1, Th2, Th17, cytotoxic and T regulatory subsets in a murine model, where the outcome of Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) infection was altered by immune-deviation towards Th2 by exposure to a subtoxic dose of mercury. Twenty-one B. burgdorferi s.s.-infected (Bb), 21 immune-deviated B. burgdorferi s.s.-infected (BbId), and seven control C3H/HeN mice were sacrificed on days 15, 28 and 43 post-infection (p.i.) with B. burgdorferi s.s. BbId mice had increased joint swelling compared with Bb at the height of the disease (28 p.i.), and also showed a trend for increased spirochaetal load that became significant on day 43 p.i. BbId had an increased histopathology score on day 28 p.i. compared with both earlier and later time points. mRNA expression of IL-4 (p=0.018), IL-10 (p=0.018) and EBI-3 (p=0.009) decreased in Bb mice, but not in BbId, over the course of infection. A trend for higher expression of IL-12p40 mRNA in Bb mice compared with BbId was seen late in the disease course, while BbId showed trends for higher levels of Foxp3 and GM-CSF. At the protein level, BbId showed decreased levels of CXCL9 compared to the Bb group on day 15 p.i (p=0.007). Bb mice showed increases of CXCL9 and CXCL10 at all time points compared with day 0 p.i. (p≤0.014), whereas BbId mice showed an initial decrease in both chemokines at day 15 p.i. compared with day 0 (p≤0.008). In conclusion, both the clinical signs of infection and the trends for increased expression of pro-inflammatory GM-CSF and T-regulatory marker Foxp3 in BbId mice suggested ongoing inflammation. Although our findings support the need for a strong Th1 response followed by anti-inflammatory response for optimal resolution, the anti-inflammatory response seems to be more complex than only dampening the inflammation by a Th1-antagonistic Th2 response.
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| 10. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Autism Under Age 3 Years: A Clinical Study of 28 Cases Referred for Autistic Symptoms in Infancy
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. - : Wiley. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 31:6, s. 921-934
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-eight children referred with a preliminary diagnosis of autistic disorder under age 3 yrs were extensively examined from the neuropsychiatric point of view and followed up for several months to several years. A diagnosis of autistic disorder was confirmed in 75% of the cases. A variety of associated medical conditions was identified. It was concluded that autism can be diagnosed in a substantial proportion of cases before age 3 yrs and that the neurobiological background is similar to that seen in older autistic children.
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