| 1. |
- Parameswaran, Poornima, et al.
(författare)
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Six RNA Viruses and Forty-One Hosts : Viral Small RNAs and Modulation of Small RNA Repertoires in Vertebrate and Invertebrate Systems
- 2010
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Ingår i: PLoS Pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7366 .- 1553-7374. ; 6:2, s. e1000764-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used multiplexed high-throughput sequencing to characterize changes in small RNA populations that occur during viral infection in animal cells. Small RNA-based mechanisms such as RNA interference (RNAi) have been shown in plant and invertebrate systems to play a key role in host responses to viral infection. Although homologs of the key RNAi effector pathways are present in mammalian cells, and can launch an RNAi-mediated degradation of experimentally targeted mRNAs, any role for such responses in mammalian host-virus interactions remains to be characterized. Six different viruses were examined in 41 experimentally susceptible and resistant host systems. We identified virus-derived small RNAs (vsRNAs) from all six viruses, with total abundance varying from "vanishingly rare'' (less than 0.1% of cellular small RNA) to highly abundant (comparable to abundant micro-RNAs "miRNAs''). In addition to the appearance of vsRNAs during infection, we saw a number of specific changes in host miRNA profiles. For several infection models investigated in more detail, the RNAi and Interferon pathways modulated the abundance of vsRNAs. We also found evidence for populations of vsRNAs that exist as duplexed siRNAs with zero to three nucleotide 39 overhangs. Using populations of cells carrying a Hepatitis C replicon, we observed strand-selective loading of siRNAs onto Argonaute complexes. These experiments define vsRNAs as one possible component of the interplay between animal viruses and their hosts.
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| 2. |
- Jalili, Armin, et al.
(författare)
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A nonlinearity error calibration technique for pipelined ADCs
- 2011
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Ingår i: Integration. - Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier. - 0167-9260 .- 1872-7522. ; 44:3, s. 229-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a digital background calibration technique that measures and cancels offset, linear and nonlinear errors in each stage of a pipelined analog to digital converter (ADC) using a single algorithm. A simple two-step subranging ADC architecture is used as an extra ADC in order to extract the data points of the stage-under-calibration and perform correction process without imposing any changes on the main ADC architecture which is the main trend of the current work. Contrary to the conventional calibration methods that use high resolution reference ADCs, averaging and chopping concepts are used in this work to allow the resolution of the extra ADC to be lower than that of the main ADC.
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| 3. |
- Jalili, Armin, et al.
(författare)
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Calibration of high-resolution flash ADCS based on histogram test methods
- 2010
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Ingår i: Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS), 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on. - : IEEE. - 9781424481552 ; , s. 114-117
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper a calibration technique for high-resolution, flash analog- to-digital converters (ADCs) based on histogram test methods is proposed. A probability density function, PDF, generator circuit is utilized to generate a triangular signal with a constant PDF, i.e., uniform distribution, as a test signal. In the proposed technique both offset estimation and trimming are performed without imposing any changes on the comparator structure in the ADC. The proposed algorithm estimates the offset values and stores them in a RAM. The trimming circuit uses the stored values and performs the trimming by adjusting the reference voltages to the comparators. An 8-bit flash ADC with a 1-V reference voltage, a comparator offset distribution with σos ≈ 30 mV, and a 10-bit test signal with about 3% nonlinearity are used in the simulations. The results show that the calibration improves the DNL and INL from about 3.6/3.9 LSB to about 0.9/0.75 LSB, respectively.
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| 4. |
- Jalili, Armin, et al.
(författare)
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Calibration of sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters based on histogram test methods
- 2010
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Ingår i: NORCHIP, 2010. - : IEEE. - 9781424489725 ; , s. 1-4
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a calibration technique for sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters (ΣΔADC) in which highspeed, low-resolution flash subADCs are used. The calibration technique as such is mainly targeting calibration of the flash subADC, but we also study how the correction depends on where in the ΣΔ modulator the calibration signals are applied. It is shown that the calibration technique can cope with errors that occur in the feedback digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and the input accumulator. Behavioral-level simulation results show an improvement of in effective number of bits (ENOB) from 6.6 to 11.3. Fairly large offset and gain errors have been introduced which illustrates a robust calibration technique.
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| 5. |
- Khakpour, Narges, et al.
(författare)
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PobSAM : policy-based managing of actors in self-adaptive systems
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Formal Aspects of Component Software (FACS’09, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, November 2-3, 2009). - Amsterdam : Elsevier. ; 263, s. 129-143
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Shirazi, M., et al.
(författare)
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Assessing Medical Students' Communication Skills by the Use of Standardized Patients : Emphasizing Standardized Patients' Quality Assurance
- 2014
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Ingår i: Academic Psychiatry. - : Springer. - 1042-9670 .- 1545-7230. ; 38:3, s. 354-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective structured examination is one of the most valid, reliable, and effective tools for assessing clinical and communication skills, often by use of standard patients (SPs). SPs can also be assessors of those skills. One of the crucial areas when utilizing SP-based assessment is the quality and consistency assurance of their portrayal of the case and their ability to fill in checklists in an adequate way. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of SPs' ability to assess students' communication skill via a Calgary-Cambridge checklist. This cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted at the Tehran University of Medical Science. We first analyzed validity; the criterion validity of the SPs' filling in the checklists was assessed through determining the correlation between the SPs' completed checklists and the checklists filled in by three physician raters individually and then reproducibility: it was assessed by a test-retest approach inter-rater reliability. The mean correlation for assessing the validity of SPs' completed checklists by individual SPs was 0.81. The inter-rater reliability was calculated by kappa coefficient, and the total correlation among the three raters was 0.85. The reliability of the test-retest approach showed no significant differences between the test and re-test results. The increased number of medical students and different faculties' responsibilities such as doing educational, research, and health services duties assessing medical student communication skills is a complex issue. The results of our study showed that trained SPs can be used as a valid tool to assess medical students' communication skills, which is also more cost effective and reduces work load of medical faculties.
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