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| 2. |
- Anderson, James E., et al.
(författare)
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A New Approach to Evaluating Trade Policy
- 1991
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper introduces a new measure, the Trade Restrictiveness Index, which measures the restrictiveness of a system of trade protection. The index is a general equilibrium application of the distance function and answers the question: "What uniform set of trade restrictions is equivalent (in welfare terms) to the initial protective structure?" The index is applicable to both tariffs and quotas and allows international and intertemporal comparisons. The index is operational and we provide an empirical example to illustrate its applicability and to show its superiority over commonly used measures.
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| 3. |
- Diederichs, J., et al.
(författare)
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Critical currents in Tl-2122 and Y-124 sinters under high hydrostatic pressure
- 1991
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Ingår i: Superconductor Science and Technology, volume 4, Special Issue 1S. - Bristol : Adam Hilger. - 0750301082 ; , s. S97-S99
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Utilizing AC susceptibility measurements the authors have investigated the inter and intragranular properties of selected bulk materials under hydrostatic pressures to 3.5 GPa. A single phase Tl2CaBa2Cu2O8 sample with superconducting transition temperature Tc approximately=107 K shows a clear maximum in Tc(P) at approximately 2.2 GPa coupled with a nearly twofold increase to 3 GPa of the intergranular critical current density JcJ near Tc. The second sample, a YBa2Cu4O8 sinter, shows a large linear increase in Tc with pressure (+5.5 K/GPa) as well as a fivefold increase JcJ to 3 GPa. Applying a critical state model, the authors find that Tc(P) varies as lambda g-2(P), where lambda g is the intragranular (London) penetration depth.
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| 4. |
- Horstman, Ignatius J., et al.
(författare)
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Exploring New Markets : The Multinational Firm's Choice of Direct Investment versus Licensing
- 1992
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper contributes to a literature which seeks to understand the nature of overseas investments by multinationals, but sheds light on the more general problem facing firms confronting new markets. The firm is assumed ignorant of the state of demand in the new market, a problem given the existence of large fixed and prtially sunk costs of opening a new plant or sales branch. The firm's alternative is to use an informed agent who is currently producing or selling related products in that market. The agent understands that he will be dumped if he reveals that the state of demand is high. This sets up a contracting problem in which the firm must share rents with the agent in the first period in order to extract the information about the true state of demand. The optimal contract and the implied level of agency costs are analyzed. If the level of agency costs are high, inefficient direct investment may take place.
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| 5. |
- Kristensson, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
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Time domain inversion techniques for electromagnetic scattering problems
- 1992
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Ingår i: Invariant imbedding and inverse problems. - 0898713056 ; , s. 1-29
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a review of and a comparison between two different methods to solve an inverse scattering problem in the time domain. The problem is that of propagation of transient electromagnetic waves in spatially inhomogeneous slabs of finite length. The permittivity and conductivity profiles are assumed to vary only with depth and the scattering problem is thus onedimensional. Several algorithms to solve the direct and inverse scattering problems for continuous and discontinuous permittivity profiles are suggested. Some of these algorithms have not been published before. The aim of this paper is to compare and review these methods. More specifically, the numerical performance of the invariant imbedding approach (layer-stripping)and the Green functions formulation (downward continuation)is compared. Some new results based upon time reversal techniques for a lossless slab are presented in an appendix.
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