| 1. |
- Aramrattana, Maytheewat, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Risk Indicator for Cut-In Situations
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, ITSC 2020. - Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728141497 - 9781728141503
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cut-in situations occurs when a vehicle intentionally changes lane and ends up in front of another vehicle or in-between two vehicles. In such situations, having a method to indicate the collision risk prior to making the cut-in maneuver could potentially reduce the number of sideswipe and rear end collisions caused by the cut-in maneuvers. This paper propose a new risk indicator, namely cut-in risk indicator (CRI), as a way to indicate and potentially foresee collision risks in cut-in situations. As an example use case, we applied CRI on data from a driving simulation experiment involving a manually driven vehicle and an automated platoon in a highway merging situation. We then compared the results with time-to-collision (TTC), and suggest that CRI could correctly indicate collision risks in a more effective way. CRI can be computed on all vehicles involved in the cut-in situations, not only for the vehicle that is cutting in. Making it possible for other vehicles to estimate the collision risk, for example if a cut-in from another vehicle occurs, the surrounding vehicles could be warned and have the possibility to react in order to potentially avoid or mitigate accidents.
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| 2. |
- Aramrattana, Maytheewat, et al.
(författare)
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A Simulation Study on Effects of Platooning Gaps on Drivers of Conventional Vehicles in Highway Merging Situations
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print). - Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 1524-9050 .- 1558-0016.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Platooning refers to a group of vehicles that--enabled by wireless vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication and vehicle automation--drives with short inter-vehicular distances. Before its deployment on public roads, several challenging traffic situations need to be handled. Among the challenges are cut-in situations, where a conventional vehicle--a vehicle that has no automation or V2V communication--changes lane and ends up between vehicles in a platoon. This paper presents results from a simulation study of a scenario, where a conventional vehicle, approaching from an on-ramp, merges into a platoon of five cars on a highway. We created the scenario with four platooning gaps: 15, 22.5, 30, and 42.5 meters. During the study, the conventional vehicle was driven by 37 test persons, who experienced all the platooning gaps using a driving simulator. The participants' opinions towards safety, comfort, and ease of driving between the platoon in each gap setting were also collected through a questionnaire. The results suggest that a 15-meter gap prevents most participants from cutting in, while causing potentially dangerous maneuvers and collisions when cut-in occurs. A platooning gap of at least 30 meters yield positive opinions from the participants, and facilitating more smooth cut-in maneuvers while less collisions were observed.
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| 3. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased COPD prevalence in Sweden after decades of decrease in smoking
- 2020
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Ingår i: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Nature. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundCOPD has increased in prevalence worldwide over several decades until the first decade after the millennium shift. Evidence from a few recent population studies indicate that the prevalence may be levelling or even decreasing in some areas in Europe. Since the 1970s, a substantial and ongoing decrease in smoking prevalence has been observed in several European countries including Sweden. The aim of the current study was to estimate the prevalence, characteristics and risk factors for COPD in the Swedish general population. A further aim was to estimate the prevalence trend of COPD in Northern Sweden from 1994 to 2009.MethodsTwo large random population samples were invited to spirometry with bronchodilator testing and structured interviews in 2009–2012, one in south-western and one in northern Sweden, n = 1839 participants in total. The results from northern Sweden were compared to a study performed 15 years earlier in the same area and age-span. The diagnosis of COPD required both chronic airway obstruction (CAO) and the presence of respiratory symptoms, in line with the GOLD documents since 2017. CAO was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.70, with sensitivity analyses based on the FEV1/FVC < lower limit of normal (LLN) criterion.ResultsBased on the fixed ratio definition, the prevalence of COPD was 7.0% (men 8.3%; women 5.8%) in 2009–2012. The prevalence of moderate to severe (GOLD ≥ 2) COPD was 3.5%. The LLN based results were about 30% lower. Smoking, occupational exposures, and older age were risk factors for COPD, whereof smoking was the most dominating risk factor. In northern Sweden the prevalence of COPD, particularly moderate to severe COPD, decreased significantly from 1994 to 2009, and the decrease followed a decrease in smoking.ConclusionsThe prevalence of COPD has decreased in Sweden, and the prevalence of moderate to severe COPD was particularly low. The decrease follows a major decrease in smoking prevalence over several decades, but smoking remained the dominating risk factor for COPD.
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| 4. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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FEV1 decline in relation to blood eosinophils and neutrophils in a population-based asthma cohort
- 2020
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Ingår i: World Allergy Organization Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1939-4551. ; 13:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The relationship between lung function decline and eosinophils and neutrophils has important therapeutic implications among asthmatics, but it has rarely been studied in large cohort studies.Objective: The aim is to study the relationship between blood eosinophils and neutrophils and FEV1 decline in a long-term follow-up of a population-based adult asthma cohort.Methods: In 2012-2014, an adult asthma cohort was invited to a follow-up including spirometry, blood sampling, and structured interviews, and n = 892 participated (55% women, mean age 59 y, 32-92 y). Blood eosinophils, neutrophils and FEV 1 decline were analyzed both as continuous variables and divided into categories with different cut-offs. Regression models adjusted for smoking, exposure to vapors, gas, dust, or fumes (VGDF), use of inhaled and oral corticosteroids, and other possible confounders were utilized to analyze the relationship between eosinophils and neutrophils at follow-up and FEV1 decline.Results: The mean follow-up time was 18 years, and the mean FEV 1 decline was 27 ml/year. The annual FEV1 decline was related to higher levels of both blood eosinophils and neutrophils at follow-up, but only the association with eosinophils remained when adjusted for confounders. Further, the association between FEV1 decline and eosinophils was stronger among those using ICS. With EOS <0.3 × 109/L as reference, a more rapid decline in FEV1 was independently related to EOS ≥0.4 × 109/L in adjusted analyses.Conclusions and clinical relevance: Besides emphasizing the importance of smoking cessation and reduction of other harmful exposures, our real-world results indicate that there is an independent relationship between blood eosinophils and FEV1 decline among adults with asthma.
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| 5. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for severe asthma among adults with asthma
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 56:Suppl 64
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Severe asthma is a considerable challenge for patients, health care professionals and society, but there are few long-term studies on risk factors for severe asthma.Aim: To identify baseline risk factors of severe asthma in a longitudinal adult asthma cohort study.Methods: An adult asthma cohort was identified in 1986-2001 by clinical examinations of population samples within the OLIN studies in northern Sweden. The examinations included structured interviews, spirometry with reversibility testing, skin prick testing and metacholine challenge. The cohort was followed up in 2012-2014 when n=1006 participated (mean age 59y). Adjusted Risk Ratios (RR) for baseline factors as risk factors for GINA defined severe asthma (SA) at follow-up (n=51) were estimated by Poisson regression.Results: Older age, impaired lung function, increased reversibility and hyperreactivity, asthmatic wheeze, persistent wheeze, nighttime awakenings due to respiratory symptoms, and dyspnea were significant baseline risk factors for SA. Allergic sensitization, smoking, occupational groups or BMI did not predict SA. When adjusted for age, sex and smoking, post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC<0.7, both present at baseline (RR 4.2, 95%CI 1.8-9.9) and developed during follow-up (2.9, 1.6-5.3), increased the risk. Also FEV1<80% at baseline associated with SA (2.9, 1.6-5.2). Triggers for respiratory symptoms at baseline such as tobacco smoke (2.1, 1.2-3.7) and physical activity (3.5, 1.5-81) associated with SA at follow-up, while pollen and furry animals did not.Conclusion: Among adults with asthma, impaired lung function, wheeze, dyspnea and nighttime awakenings due to respiratory symptoms are important long-term risk factors for severe asthma.
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| 6. |
- Chantzichristos, Dimitrios, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of human glucocorticoid response markers using integrated multi-omic analysis from a randomized crossover trial.
- 2021
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Ingår i: eLife. - 2050-084X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glucocorticoids are among the most commonly prescribed drugs, but there is no biomarker that can quantify their action. The aim of the study was to identify and validate circulating biomarkers of glucocorticoid action.In a randomized, crossover, single-blind, discovery study, 10 subjects with primary adrenal insufficiency (and no other endocrinopathies) were admitted at the in-patient clinic and studied during physiological glucocorticoid exposure and withdrawal. A randomization plan before the first intervention was used. Besides mild physical and/or mental fatigue and salt craving, no serious adverse events were observed. The transcriptome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and adipose tissue, plasma miRNAomic, and serum metabolomics were compared between the interventions using integrated multi-omic analysis.We identified a transcriptomic profile derived from two tissues and a multi-omic cluster, both predictive of glucocorticoid exposure. A microRNA (miR-122-5p) that was correlated with genes and metabolites regulated by glucocorticoid exposure was identified (p=0.009) and replicated in independent studies with varying glucocorticoid exposure (0.01 ≤ p≤0.05).We have generated results that construct the basis for successful discovery of biomarker(s) to measure effects of glucocorticoids, allowing strategies to individualize and optimize glucocorticoid therapy, and shedding light on disease etiology related to unphysiological glucocorticoid exposure, such as in cardiovascular disease and obesity.The Swedish Research Council (Grant 2015-02561 and 2019-01112); The Swedish federal government under the LUA/ALF agreement (Grant ALFGBG-719531); The Swedish Endocrinology Association; The Gothenburg Medical Society; Wellcome Trust; The Medical Research Council, UK; The Chief Scientist Office, UK; The Eva Madura's Foundation; The Research Foundation of Copenhagen University Hospital; and The Danish Rheumatism Association.NCT02152553.
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Finn, et al.
(författare)
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Everolimus Initiation With Early Calcineurin Inhibitor Withdrawal in De Novo Heart Transplant Recipients : Long-term Follow-up From the Randomized SCHEDULE Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Transplantation. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 1534-6080 .- 0041-1337. ; 104:1, s. 154-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-free immunosuppressive regimen has been demonstrated to improve renal function early after heart transplantation, but long-term outcome of such a strategy has not been well described. METHODS: In the randomized SCHEDULE trial, de novo heart transplant recipients received (1) everolimus with reduced-exposure CNI (cyclosporine) followed by CNI withdrawal at week 7-11 posttransplant or (2) standard-exposure cyclosporine, both with mycophenolate mofetil and corticosteroids; 95/115 randomized patients were followed up at 5-7 years posttransplant. RESULTS: Mean measured glomerular filtration rate was 74.7 mL/min and 62.4 mL/min with everolimus and CNI, respectively. The mean difference was in favor of everolimus by 11.8 mL/min in the intent-to-treat population (P = 0.004) and 17.2 mL/min in the per protocol population (n = 75; P < 0.001). From transplantation to last follow-up, the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) was 77% (37/48) and 66% (31/47) (P = 0.23) with treated BPAR in 50% and 23% (P < 0.01) in the everolimus and CNI groups, respectively; no episode led to hemodynamic compromise. Coronary allograft vasculopathy (CAV) assessed by coronary intravascular ultrasound was present in 53% (19/36) and 74% (26/35) of everolimus- and CNI-treated patients, respectively (P = 0.037). Graft dimensions and function were similar between the groups. Late adverse events were comparable. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that de novo heart transplant patients randomized to everolimus and low-dose CNI followed by CNI-free therapy maintain significantly better long-term renal function as well as significantly reduced CAV than patients randomized to standard CNI treatment. Increased BPAR in the everolimus group during year 1 did not impair long-term graft function.
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| 8. |
- Hedman, Linnea, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic intervention improved health-related quality of life among teenagers with food allergy
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 19:1 January
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim was to examine if a diagnostic intervention set up to assess current food allergy to cow’s milk, hen’s egg, fish, or wheat among teenagers had an impact on generic and disease specific health-related quality of life (HRQL). The study compared HRQL scoring before and two years after the intervention, and in relation to age matched controls without reported food allergy.Methods: The study was performed within the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN) studies where a cohort study on asthma and allergic diseases among 8-year-old schoolchildren was initiated in 2006. At age 12 years, the 125/2612 (5%) children who reported allergy to cow’s milk, hen’s egg, fish, or wheat were invited to a diagnostic intervention including clinical examination, blood tests and evaluation by a pediatric allergist. Of 94 participants, 79 completed generic and disease specific HRQL questionnaires. Additionally, a random sample of 200 (62% of invited) children without food allergy from the OLIN cohort answered the generic HRQL questionnaire. The respondents of the HRQL questionnaires were reexamined two years later and 57 teenagers with and 154 without reported allergy participated.Results: There were no significant differences in generic HRQL scores between teenagers with and without reported food allergy at study entry, or after the intervention. Among those with reported food allergy, we found a significant improvement in disease specific HRQL after the intervention (mean values: 3.41 vs 2.80, p<0.001). Teenagers with only food allergy had better disease specific HRQL compared to those with one, two or three concomitant allergic diseases, both before and after the intervention. Children with only food allergy significantly improved their HRQL after the intervention, 1.84 vs. 2.87 (p<0.001) but this association was not seen in children with one other allergic disorder (3.16 vs. 3.65, p = 0.121) or those with two or more allergic disorders (3.72 vs. 3.90, p = 0.148).Conclusion: The diagnostic intervention showed a long-term improvement of disease specific HRQL but not generic HRQL.
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| 9. |
- Jansson, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Träningsråd till dig som ska genomföra tester av fysisk förmåga på Plikt- och prövningsverket
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- På Plikt- och prövningsverket genomförs flera olika tester. När det kommer till att testa de prövandes fysiska förmåga används bland annat ett konditionstest på cykel och ett isokinetiskt styrketest som kallas Isokai. I den här texten ges information om testerna, grundläggande träningsråd för att klara dessa samt råd inför fortsatt träning. Råden är uppdelade i två delar. I den första delen beskrivs träningsråd för styrketräning och i den andra för konditionsträning.
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| 10. |
- Jansson, Sven-Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Life-years lost due to asthma and COPD
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 56:Suppl 64
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) is commonly used in health-economic evaluations. QALY-weights combine health status and time into one measure.Aims: To investigate the association between multimorbidity and QALY-weights among adults with asthma and COPD.Methods: Within the OLIN-studies in northern Sweden, a random sample was invited to a postal questionnaire survey. A random sample of 1016 responders was invited to clinical examinations and interviews in 2009 (737 participated, ages 21-86 years), of which 605 completed the health-related quality of life (HRQL) questionnaire SF-36. QALY-weights were derived from the SF-36 data using the SF-6D tool via the standard gamble method. The SF-6D scores are equivalent to QALY-weights with low values representing poor health and the score one representing perfect health.Results: Of the 605 participants, 74 had current asthma, 81 had COPD (FEV1/FVC<0.7), 66 had heart disease, 30 had diabetes, 30 had rheumatic disease, and 160 had hypertension. There was an association between an increasing number of morbid conditions and lower QALY-weights (p<0.001). The mean QALY-weight tended to be lower among subjects with asthma compared to COPD, 0.77 and 0.81, respectively (p=0.078). Subjects with COPD and two or more non-respiratory conditions had significantly lower QALY-weights compared to subjects with COPD alone (0.75 vs.0.83, p=0.016). No significant difference in QALY-weights was found among asthmatics with versus without other non-respiratory conditions.Conclusions: Subjects with asthma tended to have lower QALY-weights compared to subjects with COPD. Having two or more non-respiratory conditions affected the QALY-weight negatively among subjects with COPD but not among subjects with asthma.
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