| 1. |
- Jansson, Jonas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Driver reactions to horn and headlight warnings in critical situations : A simulator study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a driving simulator study on driving behavior in a critical head-on collision scenario. The study aims at providing basic understanding of driver responses to headlight and horn warning coming from another vehicle a time critical situation. In total, 48 participants drove 30 km. During the drive participants performed a secondary task, announced by a vibration in the seat. At the time of the secondary task the own vehicle was directed into the opposing lane where oncoming simulated vehicles issued a light and/or sound warnings to get the drivers attention. An additional purpose of the study was to examine if the warning coming from the other vehicle has a different effect on persons with a hearing loss. A possible application for this type of warnings is the implementation of a system for automatic activation. Systems for automatic activation of brakes and steering are currently entering the market. These systems use proximity sensors to monitor the state of surrounding road users. Depending on the specific situation the effort/possibility to avoid or mitigate an accident may differ significantly between the principle road users of a pending collision, e.g. one road user (1) may easily avoid a collision while another (2) may not be able to do so. The only possibility for the second road user (2) to avoid a collision in such a situation is to issue a warning to the first (1), so that he/she may take evasive actions. Connecting the horn and the headlight to already existing sensor system, for automatic warning activation, is a cost effective means to provide such a warning. The warnings, could of course, also be triggered manually by the driver.The results indicate that a driver who receives a warning from the oncoming vehicle responds faster to avoid the pending frontal collision. The most effective warning was the combination of horn and headlight. A majority of the participants where positive to the notion of an automated system to provide this type of warning (n=41). No significant difference in the behavior between the groups with and without hearing loss was found in this study.
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| 2. |
- Jansson, Kristina, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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A role for Myh1 in DNA repair after treatment with strand-breaking and crosslinking chemotherapeutic agents
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. - : Wiley. - 0893-6692 .- 1098-2280. ; 54:5, s. 327-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The highly conserved DNA glycosylase MutY is implicated in repair of oxidative DNA damage, in particular in removing adenines misincorporated opposite 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxo-G). The MutY homologues (MutYH) physically associate with proteins implicated in replication, DNA repair, and checkpoint signaling, specifically with the DNA damage sensor complex 9-1-1 proteins. Here, we ask whether MutYH could have a broader function in sensing and repairing different types of DNA damage induced by conventional chemotherapeutics. Thus, we examined if deletion of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe MutY homologue, Myh1, alone or in combination with deletion of either component of the 9-1-1 sensor complex, influences survival after exposure to different classes of DNA damaging chemotherapeutics that do not act primarily by causing 8-oxoG lesions. We show that Myh1 contributes to survival on genotoxic stresses induced by the oxidizing, DNA double strand break-inducing, bleomycins, or the DNA crosslinking platinum compounds, particularly in a rad1 mutant background. Exposure of cells to cisplatin leads to a moderate overall accumulation of Myh1 protein. Interestingly, we found that DNA damage induced by phleomycin results in increased chromatin association of Myh1. Further, we demonstrate that Myh1 relocalizes to the nucleus after exposure to hydrogen peroxide or chemotherapeutics, most prominently seen after phleomycin treatment. These observations indicate a wider role of Myh1 in DNA repair and DNA damage-induced checkpoint activation than previously thought
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| 3. |
- Thorslund, Birgitta, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Principle Other Vehicle Warning
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The only possibility for a driver to avoid a collision may sometimes be to issue a warning to another driver. Connecting the horn and the headlight to an already existing sensor system could be a cost effective solution. This report covers the implementation and evaluation of such an automated warning system in a driving simulator at VTI. In this test 24 drivers with normal hearing and 24 with moderate hearing loss experienced five critical events in which four different warning signals were evaluated; sound, light, and a combination of sound and light, and no warning (as reference). A visual distraction task was used to distract the drivers and create critical situations. The results were consistent. A combined sound and light warning significantly increased cautious driving behaviour and also lead to the highest perceived criticality of the situations. With the combined warning the driver’s attention was effectively drawn from the visual distraction task. Drivers were generally positive towards the warning system, and most positive towards the combined warning presenting light and sound signals. Drivers were able to distinguish between warnings (at critical events) and greetings (at non-critical events) suggesting that the tested additional use of horn and headlight would not affect reactions to non-critical warnings or greetings. Hearing loss was associated with worse performance on the visual distraction task and less perceived realism of the driving simulator. But it was not associated with effects on any driving behaviour measures or of warning modalities. This result suggests that the evaluated system should work also for drivers with moderate hearing loss.
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| 4. |
- Ahlström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Dangerous use of mobile phones and other communication devices while driving : A toolbox of counter-measures
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of mobile phone and similar devices while driving has been a topic of discussion and research for several years. It is now an established fact that driving performance is deteriorated due to distraction but no clear conclusions can yet be drawn concerning influence on crash rates. Better studies on this relationship is needed. Most countries in Europe and many countries elsewhere have introduced different types of bans for handheld devices. Sweden has, however, no such bans. VTI was commissioned by the Swedish Government to outline possible means to reduce the dangerous usage of mobile phones and other communication devices while driving as alternatives to banning. This task was a result of a previous VTI-state-of-the-art review of research on mobile phone and other communication device usage while driving. One of the findings in the review was that bans on handheld phones did not appear to reduce the number of crashes.Eighteen different countermeasures in three main areas were suggested. (1) Technical solutions such as countermeasures directed towards the infrastructure, the vehicle and the communication device. (2) Education and information, describing different ways to increase knowledge and understanding among stakeholders and different driver categories. (3) Different possibilities for how society, industry and organisations can influence the behaviour of individuals, via policies, rules, recommendations and incentives. Our conclusion is that a combination of different countermeasures is needed – where education and information to the drivers are combined with support and incentives for a safe usage of different communication devices.
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| 5. |
- Jansson, Johan, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Commitment to sustainability in small and medium-sized enterprises: The influence of market and entrepreneurial orientations
- 2014
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Ingår i: 43rd European Marketing Academy Conference (EMAC), Valencia, Spain, June 3-6. - : EMAC; Universitat de Valencia. - 9788437094533
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last few decades, ecosystem degradation has grown to become a major topic among several actors in society. While larger companies are generally incorporating environmental practices to varying degrees, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are often argued to be lagging. Given this development, this study examines the role of two important strategic orientations, market orientation (MO) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and their contribution to commitment to sustainability. Questionnaire responses from 450 SMEs were analyzed showing that both MO as well as EO significantly impacts commitment to sustainability, but in different ways. Theoretical and practical implications of findings are discussed.
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| 6. |
- Jansson, Johan, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Corporate citizenship and the citizen consumer : Introducing the CC matrix
- 2010
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Ingår i: Corporate social responsibility. - Stockholm : Santérus Academic Press. - 9789173350129
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter addresses the concept of corporate citizenship (CC) which has gained increasing attention both in society in general and in academic circles. Based on a review of the concepts of corporate social responsibility and CC we argue that the debate on CC has been developed in a promising way the last few years. Although the extended view of CC, which views corporations as administering citizenship rights, is a theoretical advancement there is also an apparent lack of focus on individual citizens in order to understand responsibility-taking in society overall. We address this problem by introducing the notion of political consumerism and citizen consumers into the CC conceptualization. By analyzing the responsibilities of both corporations and citizens the possibility of achieving a sustainable future is increased. From this line of arguing we develop a conceptual model, called the CC-matrix, in which we describe the consumer inclusion into the academic CC debate. Thereafter, we discuss the model in depth and present some ideas for future research into corporate and consumer responsibilities for sustainability.
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| 7. |
- Jansson, Jonas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Design and performance of the VTI Sim IV
- 2014
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Ingår i: New development in driving simulation design and experiments. - Paris. ; , s. 4.1-4.7
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The VTI simulator IV (Sim IV) is the fourth advanced driving simulator designed and built at The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI). The simulator, taken into operation 2011, has an 8 degrees of freedom (DoF) moving base, a field of view (FoV) of 180 degrees and features a system for rapid cabin exchange. With a budget of roughly 2,4 M euro; Sim IV was developed to provide VTI’s newly established Gothenburg office with advanced driving simulation capability, and to be a cost efficient complement to the Sim II and Sim III facilities in VTI’s Linköping office. This paper describes the design and technical performance of the facility. A brief summary of results and experience from validation studies for the first three years of operation is also presented.
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