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| 2. |
- Antonsson, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Occurrence of the hermit beetle (Osmoderma eremita), in Sweden.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Entomologisk tidskrift. - 0013-886X. ; 124:4, s. 225-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have compiled data on the occurrence of a threatened beetle, Osmoderma eremita, in Sweden. The species inhabits tree hollows with wood mould. The data were compiled from field surveys conducted in 1993-2003, using pitfall traps at 401 localities and using wood mould sampling at 104 localities. We have also gone through published data and all larger Swedish museums and registered old records. O. eremita was recorded at about 30% of the field surveys. In Sweden, oak is by far the most important host tree species, but the beetle has also been found in other deciduous trees, such as beech, alder, ash and lime. Currently, 270 localities with Osmoderma eremita, defined as records of living adults, larvae, fragments of adult body parts, or excrements situated at least 1 km from each other, are known in Sweden. 129 of these localities are records of live beetles or larvae made after 1990. The species is found in the southern third of Sweden only, and there are more localities in the eastern part compared to the western. The great majority of the localities have been discovered during the last ten years. At some of the localities only excrements or fragments have been recorded, and the species might actually be extinct at some of these localities. Due to low search intensity historically, it is impossible to use these data to discover any changes in the distribution or occurrence over time. Because old, hollow oaks were much more frequent 200 years ago, we suggest that the species has decreased severely in Sweden since that time. Today, old oaks are rarely cut down but instead lack of grazing cattle is a threat because many sites regrow with dense tree stands which outcompete the old hollow trees. Many local extinctions could also be expected during the next few decades, because many of the localities have too few hollow trees and are too isolated. At many localities, lack of younger trees which can take over the role as host trees when the present trees die will also be a problem in the future.
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| 4. |
- Ekstrand, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Solution Synthesis of Nano-Phase Nickel as Film and Porous Electrode
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. - 0928-0707 .- 1573-4846. ; 19:1-3, s. 353-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Routes to nano-phase nickel in the forms of highly porous sponges and dense films have been developed.Nickel acetate and nitrate were mixed with triethanolamine and methanol, and evaporated to a concentrated liquid.Heat-treatment at 10±C/min to 170±C under N2 atmosphere yielded a highly porous sponge consisting of <10 nmsized Ni crystallites. Deposition of a 1 M nickel precursor solution on polycrystalline Al2O3, SnO2 : F coated glassor titanium substrates spinning at 2700 rpm, followed by heat-treatment at 10±C/min to 400±C yielded smooth anddense nickel films consisting of 3–5 nm sized crystallites. The precursor concentrate was studied by FT-IR andthe phase development on heat-treatment was studied by thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction,scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
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| 6. |
- Jansson, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Human intraperitoneal microdialysis : increased lactate/pyruvate ratio suggests early visceral ischaemia
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 38:9, s. 1007-1011
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies suggest that visceral ischaemia precedes shock and multiple organ failure, though methods for studying humans are lacking. We aimed to evaluate intraperitoneal microdialysis, a new technique for detecting splanchnic ischaemia in clinical practice. Methods: Right-sided hemicolectomy was performed in eight patients who were studied by microdialysis postoperatively for glucose, lactate, pyruvate and glycerol levels. Results: Six of the eight patients showed a normal postoperative course and had lactate/pyruvate ratios between 7.1 and 21.7, glucose between 4.5 and 14.3 r mmol/L and glycerol between 10.4 and 296 r 7 mol/L. In one patient, intraperitoneal lactate/pyruvate ratio and glycerol increased and glucose decreased 5 r h before low oxygenation appeared. Another patient exhibited a period of increased lactate/pyruvate ratio before a period of atrial fibrillation. Conclusion: Intraperitoneal microdialysis was performed safely. Two out of the eight patients exhibited changes of metabolic markers followed by clinical symptoms that were probably related to transient visceral ischaemia. Our findings suggest that intraperitoneal microdialysis may become a useful tool for monitoring splanchnic ischaemia in clinical practice.
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| 7. |
- Jansson, Kjell, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Intraperitoneal cytokine response after major surgery : higher postoperative intraperitoneal versus systemic cytokine levels suggest the gastrointestinal tract as the major source of the postoperative inflammatory reaction
- 2004
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Ingår i: American Journal of Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9610 .- 1879-1883. ; 187:3, s. 372-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cytokine response is an important factor in the development of shock and organ failure. The aim of this study was to investigate intraperitoneal (peritoneal) and venous (systemic) postoperative cytokine release after major surgery.METHODS: Major abdominal surgery was performed in 19 patients. Preoperative systemic measurements and postoperative systemic and peritoneal measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP) and the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL-6), and IL-10 were performed.RESULTS: Significantly higher TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10 peritoneal values were recorded compared with systemic values, whereas peritoneal CRP was significantly decreased. CRP increased significantly over time, whereas postoperative values of IL-6, IL-10, and peritoneal TNF-alpha decreased. Systemic TNF-alpha was constant over time, but values after emergent abdominal surgery showed a more extensive response. An additional effect of surgery and emergent abdominal disease was seen in increased TNF-alpha and IL-10 levels.CONCLUSIONS: Compared with systemic cytokines, peritoneal cytokines respond extensively after major surgery, indicating that measurement of peritoneal cytokines is a more sensible method to determine postoperative inflammatory reaction. A normal postoperative course is characterized by decreasing levels of peritoneal cytokines.
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| 8. |
- Jansson, Kjell, 1958-
(författare)
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Intraperitoneal microdialysis : technique and results
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Microdialysis has recently developed from a laboratory research method of animals to a useful clinical tool to evaluate parameters suggesting tissue ischemia. It is now used in neurosurgery, plastic surgery and liver transplantation.Shock and multiple organ failure after surgery are rare but serious complications with a high mortality rate and splanchnic ischemia is an early and important step in this development. Splanchnic ischemia is leading to increased permeability of the intestinal mucosa and to activation of macrophages. Subsequent release of inflammatory mediators like cytokines initiates shock, which may result in multiple organ failure and death. The importance of splanchnic hypoxia/ischemia is investigated in these five studies in relation to activation of cytokines (intraperitoneal and systemic) during a normal recovery and in case of surgical complications after major gastrointestinal surgery.Postoperatively the metabolic substances, glucose, pyruvate, lactate and glycerol were analysed and the LP ratio was calculated using microdialysis intraperitoneally and subcutaneously. Two studies are focused on the activation of the immunologic system by measurement of the cytokines TNF-, IL-6 and IL-10 and the relationship between LP ratio and the cytokines. Three studies are describing the performance of intraperitoneal microdialysis, different responses depending on the site of measurement, the difference between intraperitoneal and subcutaneous measurements and normal values in postoperative gastrointestinal surgery. Patients with clinical complications are described separately.No adverse effects of the intraperitoneal measurement technique were seen. An increase of the intraperitoneal LP ratio and decrease of glucose were in several cases preceding clinical complications. Intraperitoneal LP ratio, glucose and cytokines were higher in the abdominal cavity compared to subcutaneous and systemic measurements in a normal postoperative recovery. An intraperitoneal correlation between TNF-a and the LP ratio was found. Intraperitoneal concentrations of the cytokines and the LP ratio were decreasing in parallel during a normal postoperative recovery.The intraperitoneal inflammatory response is higher, during a normal postoperative recovery as well as in patients suffering from complications, compared to systemic findings, emphazising the importance of the gastrointestinal tract as the source of early immunological reactions postoperatively. IPM enables safe and sensitive analysis of glucose, pyruvate, lactate and glycerol from the intraperitoneal organs measured in the intraperitoneal fluid.Measurement of the LP ratio with microdialysis seems to detect early splanchnic hypoxia/ischemia that correlates to the intraperitoneal inflammation. IPM may have a future as an important clinical tool for monitoring patients at risk of developing postoperative surgical complications.
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| 10. |
- Jansson, Kjell, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Postoperative on line monitoring with intraperitoneal microdialysis is a sensitive clinical method for measuring increased anaerobic metabolism that correlates to the cytokine response
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 39:5, s. 434-439
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Visceral ischaemia and cytokine release are early stages in the development of shock and multiorgan failure. Because of lack of methods to measure anaerobic metabolism or visceral hypoxia in the early phase, diagnosis is not usually established until shock and organ failure are evident. Methods: Nineteen patients were studied postoperatively after major abdominal gastrointestinal surgery. A microdialysis catheter was placed intraperitoneally before closure of the abdomen. Analysis of glucose, pyruvate and lactate was performed every second hour and the ratio between lactate and pyruvate was calculated. Peritoneal fluid was collected from a peritoneal drainage for analysis of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin 10 (IL‐10). Results: Sixteen of the patients had a normal postoperative course; the lactate/pyruvate ratio started at the level of 20 immediately postoperatively and decreased significantly during the first 45 postoperative hours (P = 0.007). A similar pattern was recorded for peritoneal TNF‐α, which decreased correspondingly (P = 0.003). A correlation coefficient of 0.303 (P < 0.001) between lactate/pyruvate ratio and TNF‐α was found. After an initial short increase, IL‐10 decreased over time (P < 0.001). Three of the patients had abnormalities in the microdialysis results, cytokines and clinical outcome. These patients are presented separately. Conclusions: A normal postoperative course results in a decrease in the intraperitoneal lactate/pyruvate ratio, TNF‐α and IL‐10. A correlation between the intraperitoneal lactate/pyruvate ratio and TNF‐α was found which suggests that intraperitoneal microdialysis is a sensitive, indirect method in analysing the postoperative intraperitoneal inflammatory response. A complicated postoperative course was preceded by increase of the peritoneal lactate/pyruvate ratio interpreted as splanchnic hypoxia and also an increased TNF‐α level.
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