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- Kvist Geverts, Karin, 1974-
(författare)
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Ett främmande element i nationen : Svensk flyktingpolitik och de judiska flyktingarna 1938−1944
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim is to increase our understanding of the mechanisms of social categorization and discrimination, as well as the connection between them. This has been accomplished by examining Swedish refugee policy towards Jewish refugees during the Second World War and the Holocaust, as conducted by The Foreigner’s Bureau of the National Board of Health and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs during 1938−1944. The study also compares the Swedish refugee policy with that of Denmark, Switzerland, Great Britain and the United States. The investigation is guided by such concepts as social categorization, discrimination, antisemitism, organizational culture and established practice. The primary sources are documents, minutes and personal dossiers; Svensk författningssamling (legislation) and articles in Sociala Meddelanden (the National Board’s official journal).The main conclusions are that Sweden was not perceived as a country of immigration, based partly of the widespread fear that too many Jewish refugees would create a “Jewish Question”. Swedish authorities discriminated against Jewish refugees on grounds of “race” through a process of categorization. This process began already in the 1920’s, and gradually transformed the definition of “Jew” from a religious to a “racial” definition, based on the Nuremberg Laws. The differentiation of Jewish refugees in official statistics ceased in September 1943, yet it continued secretly until February 1944, encompassing the Norwegian and Danish Jews as well. One important result shows that the shift in policy – from discrimination to large scale reception – was a slow process where this differentiating practice and antisemitic perceptions remained operative. What is defined as an antisemitic background bustle is used to explain how moderate antisemitic expressions were perceived as “unbiased” and “normal” within the Swedish society. Though Sweden’s refugee policy seems similar to that of other countries surveyed, the shift in policy stands out as unique in comparison.
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| 2. |
- de Woul, Mattias, 1972-
(författare)
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Response of glaciers to climate change : Mass balance sensitivity, sea level rise and runoff
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to enhance our understanding of the response of glaciers to climate change. Global sea level is affected by changes in glacier ice volume, and melt-water from glaciers is a principal water source in many regions. This study applies glacier mass balance modelling, with varying complexity and spatial resolution, ranging from individual glaciers to regional and global assessments of glacier mass losses. Glaciers located in maritime environments generally show considerably higher mass balance sensitivities than those in continental settings. On average, an assumed increase in annual precipitation of +10% tends to offset the effect of an annual temperature change of +1 K, by roughly 20%. Two case studies, at Storglaciären, Sweden, and Hofsjökull, Iceland, involve model results of future mass balance change and glacier melt induced changes in runoff. Applying a temperature and precipitation scenario for Iceland in 2050 results in increased total runoff from Hofsjökull by roughly one third, and results emphasize the role of the firn layer in delaying water flow through glaciers, yielding a redistribution of discharge within the year. Based on a global gridded data set of glacierized area, the sea level equivalent from all mountain glaciers and ice caps outside the ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica during 1961–2004, caused by changes in temperature and precipitation, is estimated to be 0.58±0.34 mm a–1. The mountain glaciers and ice caps around Antarctica alone contribute almost 40% of the global estimate, and hence their contribution is considerably larger than previously assumed.
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