| 1. |
- Scelo, Ghislaine, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Definitions and Predictors of Response to Biologics for Severe Asthma
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. - 2213-2198.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Biologic effectiveness is often assessed as response, a term that eludes consistent definition. Identifying those most likely to respond in real-life has proven challenging. Objective: To explore definitions of biologic responders in adults with severe asthma and investigate patient characteristics associated with biologic response. Methods: This was a longitudinal cohort study using data from 21 countries, which shared data with the International Severe Asthma Registry. Changes in four asthma outcome domains were assessed in the 1-year period before and after biologic initiation in patients with a predefined level of prebiologic impairment. Responder cutoffs were 50% or greater reduction in exacerbation rate, 50% or greater reduction in long-term oral corticosteroid daily dose, improvement in one or more category in asthma control, and 100 mL or greater improvement in FEV1. Responders were defined using single and multiple domains. The association between prebiologic characteristics and postbiologic initiation response was examined by multivariable analysis. Results: A total of 2,210 patients were included. Responder rate ranged from 80.7% (n = 566 of 701) for exacerbation response to 10.6% (n = 9 of 85) for a four-domain response. Many responders still exhibited significant impairment after biologic initiation: 46.7% (n = 206 of 441) of asthma control responders with uncontrolled asthma before the biologic still had incompletely controlled disease postbiologic initiation. Predictors of response were outcome-dependent. Lung function responders were more likely to have higher prebiologic FeNO (odds ratio = 1.20 for every 25-parts per billion increase), and shorter asthma duration (odds ratio = 0.81 for every 10-year increase in duration). Higher blood eosinophil count and the presence of type 2-related comorbidities were positively associated with higher odds of meeting long-term oral corticosteroid, control, and lung function responder criteria. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the multimodal nature of response, showing that many responders experience residual symptoms after biologic initiation and that predictors of response vary according to the outcome assessed. © 2024 The Authors
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| 2. |
- Birnbaum, Linda S., et al.
(författare)
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Brominated and Chlorinated Flame Retardants : The San Antonio Statement
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 118:12, s. A514-A515
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The San Antonio Statement on Brominated and Chlorinated Flame Retardants addresses the growing concern in the scientific community about the persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic properties of brominated and chlorinated organic flame retardants (BFRs and CFRs, respectively) and the exposure to humans and wildlife as a result of intensive use. Nearly 150 scientists from 22 countries have signed the statement since it was presented at the 30th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants (Dioxin 2010), held 1217 September 2010 in San Antonio, Texas. The scientist signatories are experts on the health effects and environmental fate of BFRs and CFRs and environmental contaminants in general. The International Panel on Chemical Pollution (IPCP), an international network of scientists working on various aspects of chemical pollution, also has approved the statement.
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| 3. |
- Dadfar, Reza, et al.
(författare)
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Feedback Control for Laminarization of flow over Wings
- 2015
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Ingår i: Flow Turbulence and Combustion. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-6184 .- 1573-1987. ; 94:1, s. 43-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An active control strategy is implemented to attenuate the amplitude of the Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) waves inside the boundary layer of an airfoil. The dynamics of the system are modelled by the linearised Navier-Stokes equations. The impulse response to an initial disturbance, initially located outside of the boundary layer and in front of the airfoil is considered. The perturbation evolves and penetrates inside the boundary layer and triggers the TS waves. Different control strategies including the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) and model predictive control (MPC) are designed based on a reduced order model where the sensors and actuators are localised near the wall. An output projection is used to identify the unstable disturbances; the objective function of the controller is selected as a set of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) modes; to isolate the dynamics of the TS waves, the modes with high energy contents in the TS wave frequency band are considered as the objective of the controller. A plasma actuator is modelled and implemented as an external forcing on the flow. To account for the limitations of the plasma actuator several strategies are examined and the results are compared with a classical LQG controller. The outcomes reveal successful performance in mitigating the amplitude of the wavepacket developing inside the boundary layer.
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| 4. |
- Lainpelto, Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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Behandlas lika fall olika? Social oro som felkälla i bevisvärderingssammanhang
- 2019
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Ingår i: Juridisk Tidskrift. - 1100-7761 .- 2002-3545. ; :3, s. 587-609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Den här artikeln ska presentera två studier som har genomförts inom ramen för forskningsprojektet Rättsväsendets bemötande av unga lagöverträdare med utländsk bakgrund – ett projekt som bedrivs inom ramen för den tvärvetenskapliga satsningen Barn, Migration och Integration vid Stockholms universitet.Artikeln kan läsas som ett bidrag till diskussionen om nämndemannainstitutet – ett ämne som återkommande har varit föremål för debatt. Artikeln kan även läsas som ett bidrag till diskussionen om eventuella skillnader mellan lagfarna domare och lekmannadomare i bevisvärderingssammanhang. Artikelns främsta syfte är emellertid inte att behandla dessa, förvisso mycket intressanta, frågor utan ska i stället ses som ett bevisrättsligt bidrag till diskussionen om en eventuell förekomst av strukturell diskriminering vid svenska domstolar.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Mathies, F, et al.
(författare)
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Colitis Promotes a Pathological Condition of the Liver in the Absence of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 1550-6606 .- 0022-1767. ; 201:12, s. 3558-3568
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with extraintestinal diseases such as primary sclerosing cholangitis in the liver. Interestingly, it is known that an imbalance between Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and Th17 cells is involved in inflammatory bowel disease and also in primary sclerosing cholangitis. To explain these associations, one hypothesis is that intestinal inflammation and barrier defects promote liver disease because of the influx of bacteria and inflammatory cells to the liver. However, whether and how this is linked to the Treg and Th17 cell imbalance is unclear. To address this, we used dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and T cell transfer colitis mouse models. We analyzed the pathological conditions of the intestine and liver on histological, cellular, and molecular levels. We observed bacterial translocation and an influx of inflammatory cells, in particular Th17 cells, to the liver during colitis. In the DSS colitis model, in which Treg were concomitantly increased in the liver, we did not observe an overt pathological condition of the liver. In contrast, the T cell–mediated colitis model, in which Treg are not abundant, was associated with marked liver inflammation and a pathological condition. Of note, upon depletion of Treg in DEREG mice, DSS colitis promotes accumulation of Th17 cells and a pathological condition of the liver. Finally, we studied immune cell migration using KAEDE mice and found that some of these cells had migrated directly from the inflamed intestine into the liver. Overall, these data indicate that colitis can promote a pathological condition of the liver and highlight an important role of Treg in controlling colitis-associated liver inflammation.
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| 7. |
- Amuakwa-Mensah, Franklin, et al.
(författare)
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Role of banking sector performance in renewable energy consumption
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 306, Part B
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To secure future universal access to modern energy, large investments in renewable energy technology are required. This paper estimates the impact of five banking sector performance indicators (return on asset, market capitalisation, asset quality, managerial efficiency and financial stability) on renewable energy consumption for a global panel consisting of 124 countries. The study used two-step system-GMM panel model to handle potential endogeneity and serial correlation. The paper considers three homogenous subpanels which are constructed based on the income group classification (high-, middle-, and low-income countries). Generally, our results show that improved banking sector performance enhances renewable energy consumption, with heterogenous effect across income group classification. For high -income (HI) countries, an increase in bank size together with improved asset quality and managerial efficiency have positive effects on renewable energy consumption. For middle-income (MI) and low-income (LI) countries, a high return on asset, an increase in bank size and financial stability are positive determinants of renewable energy consumption. We also find heterogenous effect of banking performance indicators across various renewable energy consumption types. The results highlight the importance of a well-functioning bank sector to achieve the investment in renewable energy needed to meet future energy demand and simultaneous decrease CO2 emissions.
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| 8. |
- Haapakangas, Annu, et al.
(författare)
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Self-rated productivity and employee well-being in activity-based offices: the role of environmental perceptions and workspace use
- 2018
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 145, s. 115-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Activity-based offices are increasingly popular. However, productivity and well-being in these work environments have been little researched. The aims of this study were to quantitatively determine perception and use of the activity-based office environment in relation to self-rated productivity and well-being at work, and to identify important predictors of these outcomes. Four activity-based offices in a large Swedish government agency were surveyed 12 months after implementation.Two hundred and thirty-nine respondents were included in the analyses. Linear regression models, adjusted for relevant covariates, were constructed separately for predictors measuring satisfaction with different aspect of the environment (physical environment, privacy, communication, personalization, personal storage, IT functions and cleaning) and office use (the number of daily workspace switches, different workspaces used and the time spent looking for a workspace). Satisfaction with the physical environment, privacy and communication had the strongest positive association with self-rated productivity and well-being at work. Increased workspace switching was associated with higher productivity, while an increase in self-reported time spent searching for a workspace was associated with lower productivity and well-being. However, predictors related to office use generally explained only a small proportion of variance in the two outcomes. The results suggest that office developers should focus particularly on privacy needs but also on communication, personalization, smooth workspace switching and minimization of work time spent looking for available workspaces.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Maret-Ouda, J., et al.
(författare)
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Proton Pump Inhibitor and Clopidogrel Use After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Risk of Major Cardiovascular Events
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0920-3206 .- 1573-7241. ; 36:6, s. 1121-1128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Due to shared hepatic metabolism, concomitant medication with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and clopidogrel might reduce the effectiveness of clopidogrel in the prevention of cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We aimed to examine the risk of major cardiovascular events after PCI comparing patients who used clopidogrel together with PPI with those who used clopidogrel alone. Methods: This Swedish nationwide cohort study included patients who received clopidogrel after primary PCI in 2005–2019. Patients were followed for up to 12months after PCI. Data were retrieved from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Registry, Patient Registry, Cancer Registry, and Cause of Death Registry. Multivariable Cox regression provided hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cardiovascular events comparing PPI users (exposed) with non-users of PPI (non-exposed). The HRs were adjusted for sex, age, comorbidity, calendar period, obesity, diabetes, anti-diabetic medication, tobacco-related diseases, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. Results: The cohort included 99,836 patients who received clopidogrel after primary PCI. Among these, 35,772 (35.8%) received concomitant PPI. Compared to non-users, PPI users had increased adjusted HRs of all study outcomes, i.e., the main outcome myocardial infarction (HR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.15–1.32) and the secondary outcomes coronary heart disease (HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.24–1.33), stroke (HR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.40), and death due to coronary heart disease (HR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.37–1.69). The results were similar in analyses including both primary and secondary PCIs. Conclusions: In patients who receive clopidogrel after PCI, concomitant use of PPI seems to increase the risk of major cardiovascular events. © 2021, The Author(s).
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