| 1. |
- Du, Jia Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Repeatability of pheromone emissions from individual female ermine moths Yponomeuta padellus and Yponomeuta rorellus
- 1987
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - 0098-0331. ; 13:6, s. 1431-1441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The repeatability of the composition of pheromone emitted by individual female moths (Yponomeuta) was determined by gas Chromatographic analysis. An improved technique for repeated collections of airborne volatiles from the same moth was developed. The procedure did not harm the females and allowed precise quantification of 0.05 ng of pheromone components in 30-min collections. Individual females of Y. padellus (N=10) and Y. rorellus (N=5) were sampled six and eight days after emergence. Y. padellus released, on average, 4.8 ng/30 min of tetradecyl acetate, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, hexadecyl acetate, (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate, and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate in the average ratio 445:38:100:494:35:421. The amount of (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate relative to (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate was less variable [coefficient of variation (CV)=15%] than the relative amounts of the other components (CV=46-61%). The repeatability of the relative amounts of compounds released by individual females was high for all components (r=0.82-0.90). The average emission of tetradecyl acetate, tetradecanol, hexadecyl acetate, and hexadecanol by Y. rorellus was 8.3 ng/30 min (ratio 100:8:10:2). The repeatability was low for tetradecanol (r=0.51) but higher for hexadecyl acetate (r=0.87) and hexadecanol (r=0.89). The low interindividual variance for the (E)-11-/(Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ratio in Y. padellus might be due to its importance for reproductive isolation, i.e., it is under strong selection pressure.
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| 2. |
- Löfstedt, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of the ermine moth pheromone tetradecyl acetate
- 1986
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 323:6089, s. 621-623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nine sympatric forms of small ermine moths of the genus Yponomeuta (Lepidoptere; Yponomeutidae) in the west palaearctic region show various degrees of differentiation1,2, including among other characteristics, differences in their sexual pheromones3. As is the case for many other moths4, the ermine moths so far analysed use delta 11-unsaturated acetates ((Z)-11-tetradecenyl, (E)-11-tetradecenyl and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate) as primary pheromone components. Here for the first time in Lepidoptera we report that a saturated acetate, tetradecyl acetate, is the primary pheromone component5 of Y. rorellus (Hübner). Y. rorellus is almost monomorphic with respect to isoenzyme variation6 and has fewer chromosomes than its relatives7,8. We suggest that it has evolved through loss of unsaturated pheromone components in a 'genetic revolution' at a population bottleneck, and by the founders of the new species filling an empty communication niche, separated from that of the ancestral species.
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