| 1. |
- Ai, Sizhi, et al.
(författare)
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Causal associations of short and long sleep durations with 12 cardiovascular diseases : linear and nonlinear Mendelian randomization analyses in UK Biobank
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 42:34, s. 3349-3357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Observational studies have suggested strong associations between sleep duration and many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but causal inferences have not been confirmed. We aimed to determine the causal associations between genetically predicted sleep duration and 12 CVDs using both linear and nonlinear Mendelian randomization (MR) designs. Methods and results Genetic variants associated with continuous, short (<= 6 h) and long (>= 9 h) sleep durations were used to examine the causal associations with 12 CVDs among 404 044 UK Biobank participants of White British ancestry. Linear MR analyses showed that genetically predicted sleep duration was negatively associated with arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary embolism, and chronic ischaemic heart disease after correcting for multiple tests (P <0.001). Nonlinear MR analyses demonstrated nonlinearity (L-shaped associations) between genetically predicted sleep duration and four CVDs, including arterial hypertension, chronic ischaemic heart disease, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction. Complementary analyses provided confirmative evidence of the adverse effects of genetically predicted short sleep duration on the risks of 5 out of the 12 CVDs, including arterial hypertension, pulmonary embolism, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and chronic ischaemic heart disease (P< 0.001), and suggestive evidence for atrial fibrillation (P < 0.05). However, genetically predicted long sleep duration was not associated with any CVD. Conclusion This study suggests that genetically predicted short sleep duration is a potential causal risk factor of several CVDs, while genetically predicted long steep duration is unlikely to be a causal risk factor for most CVDs. [GRAPHICS] .
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| 2. |
- Chen, Jing-De, et al.
(författare)
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Hot-electron emission-driven energy recycling in transparent plasmonic electrode for organic solar cells
- 2022
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Ingår i: InfoMat. - : Wiley. - 2567-3165. ; 4:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasmonic metal electrodes with subwavelength nanostructures are promising for enhancing light harvesting in photovoltaics. However, the nonradiative damping of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) during coupling with sunlight results in the conversion of the excited hot-electrons to heat, which limits the absorption of light and generation of photocurrent. Herein, an energy recycling strategy driven by hot-electron emission for recycling the SPP energy trapped in the plasmonic electrodes is proposed. A transparent silver-based plasmonic metal electrode (A-PME) with a periodic hexagonal nanopore array is constructed, which is combined with a luminescent organic emitter for radiative recombination of the injected hot-electrons. Owing to the suppressed SPP energy loss via broadband hot-electron emission, the A-PME achieves an optimized optical transmission with an average transmittance of over 80% from 380 to 1200 nm. Moreover, the indium-tin-oxide-free organic solar cells yield an enhanced light harvesting with a power conversion efficiency of 16.1%.
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| 3. |
- Chen, Zhishan, et al.
(författare)
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Fine-mapping analysis including over 254 000 East Asian and European descendants identifies 136 putative colorectal cancer susceptibility genes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 200 common genetic variants independently associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but the causal variants and target genes are mostly unknown. We sought to fine-map all known CRC risk loci using GWAS data from 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of East Asian and European ancestry. Our stepwise conditional analyses revealed 238 independent association signals of CRC risk, each with a set of credible causal variants (CCVs), of which 28 signals had a single CCV. Our cis-eQTL/mQTL and colocalization analyses using colorectal tissue-specific transcriptome and methylome data separately from 1299 and 321 individuals, along with functional genomic investigation, uncovered 136 putative CRC susceptibility genes, including 56 genes not previously reported. Analyses of single-cell RNA-seq data from colorectal tissues revealed 17 putative CRC susceptibility genes with distinct expression patterns in specific cell types. Analyses of whole exome sequencing data provided additional support for several target genes identified in this study as CRC susceptibility genes. Enrichment analyses of the 136 genes uncover pathways not previously linked to CRC risk. Our study substantially expanded association signals for CRC and provided additional insight into the biological mechanisms underlying CRC development.
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| 4. |
- He, Niling, et al.
(författare)
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Cyclic l-lactide synthesis from lignocellulose biomass by biorefining with complete inhibitor removal and highly simultaneous sugars assimilation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biotechnology and Bioengineering. - : Wiley. - 0006-3592 .- 1097-0290. ; 119:7, s. 1903-1915
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyclic chiral lactide is the monomer chemical for polymerization of high molecular weight polylactic acid (PLA). The synthesis of cyclic l-lactide starts from poly-condensation of l-lactic acid to a low molecular weight prepolymer and then depolymerized to cyclic l-lactide. Lignocellulose biomass is the most promising carbohydrate feedstock for lactic acid production, but the synthesis of cyclic l-lactide from l-lactic acid produced from lignocellulose has so far not been successful. The major barriers are the impurities of residual sugars and inhibitors in the crude cellulosic l-lactic acid product. Here we show a successful cyclic l-lactide synthesis from cellulosic l-lactic acid by lignocellulose biorefining with complete inhibitor removal and coordinated sugars assimilation. The removal of inhibitors from lignocellulose pretreatment was accomplished by biodetoxification using a unique fungus Amorphotheca resinae ZN1. The nonglucose sugars were completely and simultaneously assimilated at the same rate with glucose by the engineered l-lactic acid bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici. The l-lactic acid production from wheat straw was comparable to that from corn starch with high optical pure (99.6%), high l-lactic acid titer (129.4 g/L), minor residual total sugars (~2.2 g/L), and inhibitors free. The cyclic l-lactide was successfully synthesized from the regularly purified l-lactic acid and verified by detailed characterizations. This study paves the technical foundation of carbon-neutral production of biodegradable PLA from lignocellulose biomass.
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| 5. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The first visual object tracking segmentation VOTS2023 challenge results
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 IEEE/CVF International conference on computer vision workshops (ICCVW). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350307443 - 9798350307450 ; , s. 1788-1810
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking Segmentation VOTS2023 challenge is the eleventh annual tracker benchmarking activity of the VOT initiative. This challenge is the first to merge short-term and long-term as well as single-target and multiple-target tracking with segmentation masks as the only target location specification. A new dataset was created; the ground truth has been withheld to prevent overfitting. New performance measures and evaluation protocols have been created along with a new toolkit and an evaluation server. Results of the presented 47 trackers indicate that modern tracking frameworks are well-suited to deal with convergence of short-term and long-term tracking and that multiple and single target tracking can be considered a single problem. A leaderboard, with participating trackers details, the source code, the datasets, and the evaluation kit are publicly available at the challenge website1
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| 6. |
- Zeng, Jiangyuan, et al.
(författare)
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Innovations in science, technology, engineering, and policy (iSTEP) for addressing environmental issues towards sustainable development
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Innovation Geoscience. - : Innovation Press. - 2959-8753. ; 2:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainable development depends on the integration of the economy, society, and environment. Yet, escalating environmental challenges pose threats to both society and the economy. Despite progress in addressing environmental issues to promote sustainability, knowledge gaps in scientific research, technological advancement, engineering practice, and policy development persist. In this review, we aim to narrow these gaps by proposing innovation-based solutions and refining existing paradigms. Reviewing past research and actions, we first elucidate the evolution of sustainability science and the essence of sustainable development and its assessment. Secondly, we summarize current major environmental issues, including global warming and climate change, biodiversity loss, land degradation and desertification, and environmental pollution, as well as their relationships with sustainability and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Subsequently, this review critically evaluates the role of innovations in science, technology, engineering, and policy (iSTEP) and their synergies in advancing sustainability and SDGs. While their sequential relationships may vary based on specific contexts or sustainability scenarios within the iSTEP framework, each component reinforces the others, fostering continuous improvement. Finally, this review offers recommendations and future perspectives for formulating sustainability roadmaps. Recommendations include fostering a vision of sustainability, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration, and encouraging transboundary cooperation among stakeholders for future sustainability endeavors.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Chan, Yi-Hao, et al.
(författare)
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Human TMEFF1 is a restriction factor for herpes simplex virus in the brain
- 2024
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Ingår i: NATURE. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 632, s. 390-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most cases of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) remain unexplained1,2. Here, we report on two unrelated people who had HSE as children and are homozygous for rare deleterious variants of TMEFF1, which encodes a cell membrane protein that is preferentially expressed by brain cortical neurons. TMEFF1 interacts with the cell-surface HSV-1 receptor NECTIN-1, impairing HSV-1 glycoprotein D- and NECTIN-1-mediated fusion of the virus and the cell membrane, blocking viral entry. Genetic TMEFF1 deficiency allows HSV-1 to rapidly enter cortical neurons that are either patient specific or derived from CRISPR-Cas9-engineered human pluripotent stem cells, thereby enhancing HSV-1 translocation to the nucleus and subsequent replication. This cellular phenotype can be rescued by pretreatment with type I interferon (IFN) or the expression of exogenous wild-type TMEFF1. Moreover, ectopic expression of full-length TMEFF1 or its amino-terminal extracellular domain, but not its carboxy-terminal intracellular domain, impairs HSV-1 entry into NECTIN-1-expressing cells other than neurons, increasing their resistance to HSV-1 infection. Human TMEFF1 is therefore a host restriction factor for HSV-1 entry into cortical neurons. Its constitutively high abundance in cortical neurons protects these cells from HSV-1 infection, whereas inherited TMEFF1 deficiency renders them susceptible to this virus and can therefore underlie HSE. A study of two childhood cases of herpes simplex encephalitis shows that TMEFF1 interacts with the HSV-1 cell-surface receptor NECTIN-1, preventing HSV-1 from fusing with the cell membrane and entering cortical neurons.
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| 9. |
- Chen, Zhibin, et al.
(författare)
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Summary of the 3rd International Workshop on Gas-Dynamic Trap based Fusion Neutron Source (GDT-FNS)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 3rd International Workshop on Gas-Dynamic Trap-based Fusion Neutron Source (GDT-FNS) was held through the hybrid mode on 13-14 September 2021 in Hefei, China, jointly organized by the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). It followed the 1st GDT-FNS Workshop held in November 2018 in Hefei, China, and the 2nd taking place in November 2019 in Novosibirsk, Russian Federation. With the financial support from CAS and China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), this workshop was attended by more than 80 participants representing 20 institutes and universities from seven countries, with oral presentations broadcast via the Zoom conferencing system. Twenty-two presentations were made with topics covering design and key technologies, simulation and experiments, steady-state operation, status of the ALIANCE project, multi applications of neutron sources, and other concepts (Tokamaks, Mirrors, FRC, Plasma Focus, etc). The workshop consensus was made including the establishment of the ALIANCE International Working Group. The next GDT-FNS workshop is planned to be held in May 2022 in Novosibirsk.
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| 10. |
- Feng, Hongliang, et al.
(författare)
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Association between accelerometer-measured amplitude of rest-activity rhythm and future health risk : a prospective cohort study of the UK Biobank
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Lancet Healthy Longevity. - 2666-7568. ; 4:5, s. e200-e210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The health effects of rest-activity rhythm are of major interest to public health, but its associations with health outcomes remain elusive. We aimed to examine the associations between accelerometer-measured rest-activity rhythm amplitude and health risks among the general UK population.METHODS: We did a prospective cohort analysis of UK Biobank participants aged 43-79 years with valid wrist-worn accelerometer data. Low rest-activity rhythm amplitude was defined as the first quintile of relative amplitude; all other quintiles were classified as high rest-activity rhythm amplitude. Outcomes of interest were defined using International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes and consisted of incident cancer and cardiovascular, infectious, respiratory, and digestive diseases, and all-cause and disease-specific (cardiovascular, cancer, and respiratory) mortality. Participants with a current diagnosis of any outcome of interest were excluded. We assessed the associations between decreased rest-activity rhythm amplitude and outcomes using Cox proportional hazards models.FINDINGS: Between June 1, 2013, and Dec 23, 2015, 103 682 participants with available raw accelerometer data were enrolled. 92 614 participants (52 219 [56·4%] women and 40 395 [42·6%] men) with a median age of 64 years (IQR 56-69) were recruited. Median follow-up was 6·4 years (IQR 5·8-6·9). Decreased rest-activity rhythm amplitude was significantly associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (adjusted hazard ratio 1·11 [95% CI 1·05-1·16]), cancer (1·08 [1·01-1·16]), infectious diseases (1·31 [1·22-1·41]), respiratory diseases (1·26 [1·19-1·34]), and digestive diseases (1·08 [1·03-1·14]), as well as all-cause mortality (1·54 [1·40-1·70]) and disease-specific mortality (1·73 [1·34-2·22] for cardiovascular diseases, 1·32 [1·13-1·55] for cancer, and 1·62 [1·25-2·09] for respiratory diseases). Most of these associations were not modified by age older than 65 years or sex. Among 16 accelerometer-measured rest-activity parameters, low rest-activity rhythm amplitude had the strongest or second- strongest associations with nine health outcomes.INTERPRETATION: Our results suggest that low rest-activity rhythm amplitude might contribute to major health outcomes and provide further evidence to promote risk-modifying strategies associated with rest-activity rhythm to improve health and longevity.
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