| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2021). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665401913 ; , s. 2711-2738
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2021 is the ninth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 71 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in recent years. The VOT2021 challenge was composed of four sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2021 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2021 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2021 focused on long-term tracking, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance and (iv) VOT-RGBD2021 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2021 dataset was refreshed, while VOT-RGBD2021 introduces a training dataset and sequestered dataset for winner identification. The source code for most of the trackers, the datasets, the evaluation kit and the results along with the source code for most trackers are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 3. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 4. |
- Ma, Jiang-Jiang, et al.
(författare)
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Ultralow thermal conductivity and anisotropic thermoelectric performance in layered materials LaMOCh (M = Cu, Ag; Ch = S, Se)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 24:35, s. 21261-21269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In layered materials with the stacking axis perpendicular to the basal plane, anharmonicity strongly affects phonon propagation due to weak interlayer coupling, which is helpful to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity and improve the thermoelectric (TE) performance significantly. By combining first-principles calculations and the Boltzmann transport equation, we systematically analyzed and evaluated the lattice thermal conductivity and TE properties of LaMOCh (M = Cu, Ag; Ch = S, Se). The results indicate that these layered materials exhibit ultralow lattice thermal conductivities of 0.24-0.37 W m(-1) K-1 along the interlayer direction at room temperature. The low lattice thermal conductivities have been analyzed from some inherent phonon properties, such as low acoustic phonon group velocity, large Gruneisen parameters, and a short phonon relaxation time. Originating from their natural layered crystal structure, the thermal and electronic transports (i.e., thermal conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and electrical conductivity) are both highly anisotropic between their intralayer and interlayer directions. Finally, we obtained ZT values of 1.17 and 1.26 at 900 K along the interlayer direction for n-type LaCuOSe and LaAgOSe, respectively. Generally, LaMOSe exhibit larger anisotropy than LaMOS, in both n- and p-types of doping. Our findings of low thermal conductivities and large anisotropic TE performances of these layered systems should stimulate much attention in BiCuOSe and alike layered TE families.
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| 5. |
- Zhang, Haoran, et al.
(författare)
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1.6 Million transactions replicate distributed PV market slowdown by COVID-19 lockdown
- 2021
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solar PV has seen a spectacular market development in recent years and has become a cost competitive source of electricity in many parts of the world. Yet, prospective observations show that the coronavirus pandemic could impact renewable energy projects, especially in the distributed market. Tracking and attributing the economic footprint of COVID-19 lockdowns in the photovoltaic sector poses a significant research challenge. Based on millions of financial transaction records and 44 thousand photovoltaic installation records, we tracked the spatiotemporal sale network of the distributed photovoltaic market and explored the extent of market slowdown. We found that a two-month lockdown duration can be assessed as a high-risk threshold value. When the lockdown duration exceeds the threshold value, the monthly value-added loss reaches 67.7%, and emission reduction capacity is cut by 64.2% over the whole year. We show that risks of a slowdown in PV deployment due to COVID19 lockdowns can be mitigated by comprehensive incentive strategies for the distributed PV market amid market uncertainties.
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| 6. |
- Zhong, Yi, et al.
(författare)
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Humidification of Central Asia and equatorward shifts of westerly winds since the late Pliocene
- 2022
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Ingår i: Communications Earth and Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-4435. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production, transport, and deposition of mineral dust exert major influences on climate change and Earth’s biogeochemical cycles. Furthermore, their imprint, as recorded in pelagic sediments, provides an avenue for determining past changes in terrestrial aridity and atmospheric circulation patterns in response to global climate change. Here, by examining geochemical and magnetic data obtained from a ferromanganese crust in the western Pacific Ocean, we investigate the eolian dust source-region conditions and dust transport mechanisms from the Asian interior to the Pacific Ocean since the Pliocene. We identify a gradual provenance change in the dust source regions, from a dominant Gobi Desert source during the early Pliocene to a mixed Gobi-Taklimakan Desert source during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene, alongside increasing chemical weathering in those source areas. Climate model simulations suggest that these changes were related to an equatorward shift of the westerly jet and humidification of Central Asia during the gradual transition from a warm Pliocene climate to the cool Pleistocene.
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| 7. |
- Hu, Li-Peng, et al.
(författare)
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Terbinafine prevents colorectal cancer growth by inducing dNTP starvation and reducing immune suppression
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-0024 .- 1525-0016. ; 30:10, s. 3284-3299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Existing evidence indicates that gut fungal dysbiosis might play a key role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We sought to explore whether reversing the fungal dysbiosis by terbinafine, an approved antifungal drug, might inhibit the development of CRC. A population-based study from Sweden identified a total of 185 patients who received terbinafine after their CRC diagnosis and found that they had a decreased risk of death (hazard ratio=0.50) and metastasis (hazard ratio=0.44) compared with patients without terbinafine administration. In multiple mouse models of CRC, administration of terbinafine decreased the fungal load, the fungus-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) expansion, and the tumor burden. Fecal microbiota transplantation from mice without terbinafine treatment reversed MDSC infiltration and partially restored tumor proliferation. Mechanistically, terbinafine directly impaired tumor cell proliferation by reducing the ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) to reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), suppressing the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), resulting in nucleotide synthesis disruption, deoxyribonucleotide (dNTP) starvation and cell cycle arrest. Collectively, terbinafine can inhibit CRC by reversing fungal dysbiosis, suppressing tumor cell proliferation, inhibiting fungus-induced MDSC infiltration, and restoring antitumor immune response.
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| 8. |
- Huang, Shan, et al.
(författare)
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Dipyridamole enhances the anti-cancer ability of aspirin against colorectal cancer by inducing apoptosis in an unfolded protein response-dependent manner
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cellular Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2211-3428 .- 2211-3436. ; 46:4, s. 953-967
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Available evidence indicates that dipyridamole enhances the anti-thrombotic effects of aspirin for the prevention of secondary strokes. Aspirin is a well-known non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug. This anti-inflammatory property has turned aspirin into a potential drug for inflammation-related cancers such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we aimed to explore whether the anti-cancer effect of aspirin against CRC could be improved by combined administration with dipyridamole.METHODS: Population-based clinical data analysis was conducted to assess a possible therapeutic effect of combined dipyridamole and aspirin treatment in inhibiting CRC compared with either monotherapy. This therapeutic effect was further verified in different CRC mouse models, i.e. an orthotopic xenograft mouse model, an AOM/DSS mouse model, an Apc min/+ mouse model and a patient derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model. The in vitro effects of the drugs on CRC cells were tested using CCK8 and flow cytometry assays. RNA-Seq, Western blotting, qRT-PCR and flow cytometry were used to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS: We found that dipyridamole combined with aspirin had a better inhibitory effect on CRC than either monotherapy alone. The enhanced anti-cancer effect of the combined use of dipyridamole with aspirin was found to rely on the induction of an overwhelmed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent pro-apoptotic unfolded protein response (UPR), which was different from the anti-platelet effect.CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that the anti-cancer effect of aspirin against CRC may be enhanced by combined administration with dipyridamole. In case further clinical studies confirm our findings, these may be repurposed as adjuvant agents.
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| 9. |
- Jiang, Fei, et al.
(författare)
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Optimum control scheme of output voltage based on cascaded H-bridge DVR
- 2020
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Ingår i: CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems. - : CSEE. - 2096-0042. ; 6:2, s. 249-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents an optimum control scheme to maximize the output voltage level number of the cascaded H-bridge dynamic voltage restorer (CHB-DVR). The relationship between the modulation index and the output voltage level number is analyzed in detail. The compensation reference voltage value is adjusted with the voltage drop depth to obtain high-quality output voltage with an acceptable total harmonic distortion. Thus, the modulation index remains within a certain range and thus meets the requirements of the maximum level number technique (MLNT). In addition, an improvement method based on the MLNT is proposed to achieve minimum active power absorption from a direct current link of the CHB-DVR. The traditional in-phase compensation and optimum control strategies are implemented to analyze the output voltage quality for verifying the feasibility of the proposed approach. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
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| 10. |
- Jiang, Qing-Dong, et al.
(författare)
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Geometric Induction in Chiral Superconductors
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 124:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider a number of effects due to the interplay of superconductivity, electromagnetism, and elasticity, which are unique for thin membranes of layered chiral superconductors. Some of them should be within the reach of present technology, and could be useful for characterizing materials. More speculatively, the enriched control of Josephson junctions they afford might find useful applications.
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