| 1. |
- Eldh, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Från nybyggaranda till kreativ ordning
- 2015
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Ingår i: Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten i Lund - en vital 50-åring. En jubileumsskrift. - 9789176233597 ; , s. 249-269
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 2. |
- Andersson Djurfeldt, Agnes, et al.
(författare)
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Drills and Diets, Consumption and Conservation– the Role of Primate Meat in Local Diets in and Around Cross River National Park, Nigeria
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Poverty Alleviation and International Development. - 2233-6192. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study uses household level data from four villages inand around Cross River National Park (CRNP), Nigeria to assess therole of primate meat in local livelihoods and diets. Okwangwo is anenclave community within the national park, Butatong houses theCRNP headquarters. Kanyang1 and Abo Ebam are located fartheraway from the park. 149 respondents were surveyed. Sale ofbushmeat contributed 4 percent of total cash income on average, butis important as a source of protein in the context of poorly developedlivestock systems. 98 percent of the households ate bushmeat duringthe past year and 74 percent hunted for consumption. 77 percent atemeat from primates, although this varied from 53 percent in Butatongto 97 percent in Okwangwo. Differences emerge among the villageswith less reliance on bushmeat, less hunting and a dietary shifttowards poultry in Butatong. There is no correlation between incomelevels and consumption of primate meat. The overwhelming motivefor eating primate meat was taste preferences. Solutions tounsustainable extraction of primate meat must be sourced in relationto local consumption. Improving access to animal source foods,through widening the livestock basis of local agrarian
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| 3. |
- Berhane, Hanna Y, et al.
(författare)
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Mixed blessings: : A qualitative exploration of mothers' experience of child care and feeding in the rapidly urbanizing city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many studies have drawn attention to the vital role mothers have in safeguarding the health and nutritional wellbeing of their children. However, little is known about mothers' experiences and the challenges they face in fulfilling this role in rapidly urbanizing cities in Africa. This study aims to explore child care and feeding practices of mothers with children under five years of age in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. This qualitative study was conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. A total of thirty-six interviews were conducted with purposively selected participants. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated for analysis. We used a thematic analysis approach, which was guided by a resilience framework. The findings are presented as three major themes. 1) 'Mixed blessings-balancing motherhood's expectations'. While mothers identified positively with the social recognition and sense of fulfillment of being a 'good mother', they were ambivalent/torn about earning the necessary income from outside work and fulfilling their duties at home. 2) 'Instabilities due to rampant urban sprawl'. While women expressed a keen desire to balance work and motherhood, the disintegrating social capital, due to large in-migration, market fluctuations and abrupt/forced resettlements to new housing units had left mothers without support for childcare, stressed and exhausted. 3) 'Anchored by faith: a source of resilience to cope with adversities'. In the face of the multiple adversities, mothers cited their strong faith as their most reliable foundation for their resilience. In summary, the societal and environmental changes accompanying the rapid urbanization in low income settings makes combining child care and working outside the home very challenging for mothers. As a result they suffer from fatigue and feelings of isolation. Efforts to improve child feeding and care in urban low-income settings need to consider context appropriate strategies that support mothers with small children.
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| 4. |
- Berhane, Hanna Y, et al.
(författare)
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What Influences Urban Mothers' Decisions on What to Feed Their Children Aged Under Five-The Case of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 10:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mothers carry the prime responsibility for childcare and feeding in low-income countries. Understanding their experiences in providing food for their children is paramount to informing efforts to improve the nutritional status of children. Such information is lacking in Sub-Saharan Africa. To understand what influences urban mothers' food acquisition and their motivations for selecting food for their children, 36 in-depth interviews were carried out with mothers having children under five years of age. Interviews were conducted in the local language, audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis which led to the identification of four major themes: mothers give-in to a child-driven diet; quick-fix versus the privilege of planning; keen awareness on food safety, nutrition, and diet diversity; and social, familial, and cultural influences. The findings indicate that child feeding practices are influenced by interlinked social and environmental factors. Hence, nutrition education campaigns should focus on targeting not only families but also their children. Attention should also be given to food safety regulations, as well as to the much-needed support of mothers who are struggling to ensure their children's survival in low-income countries.
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| 5. |
- Corvigno, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-parametric profiling of renal cell, colorectal, and ovarian cancer identifies tumour-type-specific stroma phenotypes and a novel vascular biomarker
- 2017
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Ingår i: The journal of pathology. Clinical research. - : WILEY. - 2056-4538. ; 3:3, s. 214-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel set of integrated procedures for quantification of fibroblast-rich stroma and vascular characteristics has recently been presented allowing discovery of novel perivascular and stromal biomarkers in colorectal, renal cell, and ovarian cancer. In the present study, data obtained through these procedures from clinically well-annotated collections of these three tumour types have been used to address two novel questions. First, data have been used to investigate if the three tumour types demonstrate significant differences regarding features such as vessel diameter, vessel density, and perivascular marker expression. Second, analyses of the cohorts have been used to explore the prognostic significance of a novel vascular metric, 'vessel distance inter-quartile range (IQR)' that describes intra-case heterogeneity regarding vessel distribution. The comparisons between the three tumour types demonstrated a set of significant differences. Vessel density of renal cell cancer was statistically significantly higher than in colorectal and ovarian cancer. Vessel diameter was statistically significantly higher in ovarian cancer. Concerning perivascular status, colorectal cancer displayed significantly higher levels of perivascular PDGFR-beta expression than the other two tumour types. Intra-case heterogeneity of perivascular PDGFR-beta expression was also higher in colorectal cancer. Notably, these fibroblast-dominated stroma phenotypes matched previously described experimental tumour stroma characteristics, which have been linked to differential sensitivity to anti-VEGF drugs. High 'vessel distance IQR' was significantly associated with poor survival in both renal cell cancer and colorectal cancer. In renal cell cancer, this characteristic also acted as an independent prognostic marker according to multivariate analyses including standard clinico-pathological characteristics. Explorative subset analyses indicated particularly strong prognostic significance of 'vessel distance IQR' in T stage 4 of this cancer type. Together, these analyses identified tumour-type-specific vascular-stroma phenotypes of possible functional significance, and suggest 'vessel distance IQR' as a novel prognostic biomarker.
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| 6. |
- Djurfeldt, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Using panel survey and remote sensing data to explain yield gaps for maize in sub-Saharan Africa
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Land Use Science. - 1747-423X. ; 13:3, s. 344-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to combine remote sensing data with geo-coded household survey data in order to measure the impact of different socio-economic and biophysical factors on maize yields. We use multilevel linear regression to model village mean maize yield per year as a function of NDVI, commercialization, pluriactivity and distance to market. We draw on seven years of panel data on African smallholders, drawn from three rounds of data collection over a twelve-year period and 56 villages in six countries combined with a time-series analysis of NDVI data from the MODIS sensor. We show that, although there is much noise in yield forecasts as made with our methodology, socio-economic drivers substantially impact on yields, more, it seems, than do biophysical drivers. To reach more powerful explanations researchers need to incorporate socio-economic parameters in their models.
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| 7. |
- Dzanku, Fred, et al.
(författare)
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Yield Gap-Based Poverty Gaps in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa
- 2015
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Ingår i: World Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-750X .- 1873-5991. ; 67, s. 336-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given Africa's challenge of feeding a growing population, narrowing yield gaps is an efficient way of raising production under covariate constraints. Using household panel data from 21 regions in eight sub-Saharan African countries, this article unravels the determinants of yield gaps. It also tests the hypothesis that poverty gaps are increasing with yield gaps. The results suggest that yield gaps are increasing with cultivated area; that yield differences are reducing with fertilizer use, particularly when combined with improved seeds in low production potential regions; that poverty gaps are increasing with yield gaps, particularly in low production potential regions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Ghanipour, Lana, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of defect mismatch repair genes with prognosis and heredity in sporadic colorectal cancer
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgical Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0748-7983 .- 1532-2157. ; 43:2, s. 311-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Microsatellite instability arises due to defect mismatch repair (MMR) and occurs in 10–20% of sporadic colorectal cancer. The purpose was to investigate correlations between defect MMR, prognosis and heredity for colorectal cancer in first-degree relatives. Material and methods Tumour tissues from 318 patients consecutively operated for colorectal cancer were analysed for immunohistochemical expression of MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 on tissue microarrays. Information on KRAS and BRAF mutation status was available for selected cases. Results Forty-seven (15%) tumours displayed MSI. No correlation was seen between patients exhibiting MSI in the tumour and heredity (p = 0.789). Patients with proximal colon cancer and MSI had an improved cancer-specific survival (p = 0.006) and prolonged time to recurrence (p = 0.037). In a multivariate analysis including MSI status, gender, CEA, vascular and neural invasion, patients with MSS and proximal colon cancer had an impaired cancer-specific survival compared with patients with MSI (HR, 4.32; CI, 1.46–12.78). The same prognostic information was also seen in distal colon cancer; no recurrences seen in the eight patients with stages II and III distal colon cancer and MSI, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion No correlation between MSI and heredity for colorectal cancer in first-degree relatives was seen. Patients with MSI tumours had improved survival.
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| 9. |
- Hall, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Classification of Maize in Complex Smallholder Farming Systems Using UAV Imagery
- 2018
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Ingår i: Drones. - : MDPI AG. - 2504-446X. ; 2:3, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Yield estimates and yield gap analysis are important for identifying poor agricultural productivity. Remote sensing holds great promise for measuring yield and thus determining yield gaps. Farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are commonly characterized by small field size, intercropping, different crop species with similar phenologies, and sometimes high cloud frequency during the growing season, all of which pose real challenges to remote sensing. Here, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system based on a quadcopter equipped with two consumer-grade cameras was used for the delineation and classification of maize plants on smallholder farms in Ghana. Object-oriented image classification methods were applied to the imagery, combined with measures of image texture and intensity, hue, and saturation (IHS), in order to achieve delineation. It was found that the inclusion of a near-infrared (NIR) channel and red–green–blue (RGB) spectra, in combination with texture or IHS, increased the classification accuracy for both single and mosaic images to above 94%. Thus, the system proved suitable for delineating and classifying maize using RGB and NIR imagery and calculating the vegetation fraction, an important parameter in producing yield estimates for heterogeneous smallholder farming systems.
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| 10. |
- Jirström, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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African Smallholder Farmers on the Move: Farm and Non-Farm Trends for Six Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2002–15
- 2018
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Ingår i: Agriculture, Diversification, and Gender in Rural Africa. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780198799283 ; , s. 17-53
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter provides a broad descriptive background of central aspects of smallholder agriculture in six countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It offers an up-to-date picture of the current trends of crop production, area productivity, levels of commercialization, and sources of cash incomes among 2,500 farming households. Structured around smallholder production, commercialization, and diversification in the period 2002–15, the chapter points on the one hand at persistent challenges such as low crop yields, low levels of output per farm, and a high degree of subsistence farming, and on the other hand at positive change over time in terms of growth in crop production and increasing levels of commercialization. It points at large variations not only between countries and time periods but also at the village levels, where gaps in crop productivity between farms remain large. Implicitly it points at the potential yet to be exploited in the SSA smallholder sector.
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