| 1. |
- Bruze, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Patch test concentrations (doses in mg/cm(2) ) for the 12 non-mix fragrance substances regulated by European legislation.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 66:3, s. 131-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. According to EU legislation, 26 fragrance substance allergens must be labelled on cosmetic products. For 12 of them, the optimal patch test concentration/dose has not been evaluated. Objectives. To establish the optimal patch test doses in mg/cm(2) for the 12 fragrance substances that are not included in fragrance mix I or II in the European baseline patch test series. Materials and Methods. Patch testing with the 12 fragrance substances was performed in a stepwise manner encompassing up to five rounds in at least 100 dermatitis patients for each round. Before patch testing, an individual maximum concentration/dose was determined for each fragrance substance. Results. The predetermined maximum patch test concentrations/doses could be tested for all 12 fragrance substances, with no observable adverse reactions being noted. Conclusions. For each fragrance substance investigated, it is recommended that half of the maximum patch test dose (mg/cm(2) ) be used for aimed and screening patch testing.
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| 2. |
- Friis, Ulrik Fischer, et al.
(författare)
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Hidden exposure to formaldehyde in a swab caused allergic contact dermatitis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 70:4, s. 258-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Octocrylene is an ultraviolet (UV)B and UVAII absorber that was introduced some 15 years ago, and is now widely used in sunscreen agents and skin care cosmetics. Since 2003, several studies, notably from France, Belgium, Spain, and Italy, have reported an increasing number of patients with photocontact allergy to octocrylene. This reaction is seen mainly in adult patients who have previously used topical products containing the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen. Photosensitization to ketoprofen leads, in many cases, to photocontact allergy to octocrylene; the mechanism of this reaction is unknown. Contact allergy to octocrylene also occurs, but is far less frequent, and is seen, in most cases, in children, resulting from the use of octocrylene-containing sunscreen products. In this article, (photo)contact allergy to octocrylene is fully reviewed.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Madsen, Jakob Torp, et al.
(författare)
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Ethosome formulation of contact allergens may enhance patch test reactions in patients*
- 2010
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Ingår i: CONTACT DERMATITIS. - 0105-1873. ; 63:4, s. 209-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ethosomes and liposomes are ultra-small vesicles capable of encapsulating drugs and cosmetic ingredients for topical use, thereby potentially increasing bioavailability and clinical efficacy. So far, few reports have suggested that formulation of cosmetic ingredients in vesicular carrier systems may increase the allergenicity potential. Objectives: To investigate the effect of ethosome formulation of isoeugenol and methyldibromo glutaronitrile on the elicitation response under patch test conditions and by repeated open applications. Patients/Materials/Methods: A total of 27 volunteer patients with a previous positive patch test reaction to either isoeugenol or methyldibromo glutaronitrile were included in the study. In all patients, a serial dilution patch test was performed with the allergen in question formulated in ethosomes and in an ethanol/water solution. In addition, a repeated open application test (ROAT) was performed in a subset of 16 patients, and lag time until a positive response was recorded. Results: Both contact allergens encapsulated in ethosomes showed significantly enhanced patch test reactions as compared with the allergen preparation in ethanol/water without ethosomes. No significant difference in the median lag time was recorded between preparations in the ROAT. Conclusions: Encapsulating potential contact allergens in ethosomes may increase the challenge response as compared with the same concentrations in an ethanol/water base without ethosomes. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
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| 5. |
- Madsen, Jacob Torp, et al.
(författare)
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Ethosome Formulations of Known Contact Allergens can Increase their Sensitizing Capacity
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-5555. ; 90:4, s. 374-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vesicular systems, such as liposomes and ethosomes, are used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products to encapsulate ingredients, to protect ingredients from degradation, to increase bioavailability, and to improve cosmetic performance. Some reports have suggested that formulation of cosmetic ingredients in vesicular carrier systems may increase their contact allergy elicitation potential in humans. However, no sensitization studies have been published. We formulated two model contact allergens (isoeugenol and dinitrochlorobenzene) in ethosomes and investigated the sensitization response using a modified local lymph node assay (LLNA). The results were compared with those for the same allergens in similar concentrations and vehicles without ethosomes. Both allergens encapsulated in 200–300 nm ethosomes showed increased sensitizing potency in the murine assay compared with the allergens in solution without ethosomes. Empty ethosomes were non-sensitizing according to LLNA. The clinical implications are so far uncertain, but increased allergenicity from ethosome-encapsulated topical product ingredients cannot be excluded.
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