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- Choi, S. -G, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge translation through expatriates in international knowledge transfer
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Business Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-5931 .- 1873-6149. ; 21:6, s. 1148-1157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of international knowledge transfer usually focus on the transfer of knowledge without loss between organizational units. However, this research has frequently been inconclusive because of the tacit nature of knowledge and the difficulties of measuring the results of knowledge transfer. Therefore, we suggest a paradigmatic shift of research from knowledge transfer without loss, to knowledge translation as a matter of modification of knowledge when transferred from one context to an other. According to this perspective, the knowledge transfer between the MNE HQ and foreign subsidiaries is a socio-cultural process in which expatriates can be expected to play an important role.In this paper, we study the impact of expatriates in knowledge translation from MNE HQ to foreign subsidiaries. Through an empirical analysis, we examine how the characteristics of expatriates influence the usefulness of knowledge transferred internationally. An important result of the study is that the expatriation experience and, in particular, the relationship development capability has significant positive effects on the international knowledge translation process. However, we did not find any statistical evidence that an expatriate's experience of the particular industry or the particular country has a significant effect.
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| 5. |
- Ernstgard, L, et al.
(författare)
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Liquid-air partition coefficients of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC152a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC143a), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a), 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane (HFC125) and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC245fa)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of applied toxicology : JAT. - : Wiley. - 1099-1263 .- 0260-437X. ; 30:1, s. 59-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ernstgård, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Acute effects of exposure to 1 mg/m(3) of vaporized 2-ethyl-1-hexanol in humans
- 2010
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Ingår i: Indoor Air. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0905-6947 .- 1600-0668. ; 20:2, s. 168-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to assess acute effects from controlled exposure of volunteers to 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, a volatile organic compound that is often found in indoor air. Sixteen males and fourteen females were in random order exposed to 1 mg/m3 of vapors of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol or to clean air (control exposure) in an exposure chamber during 2 h at rest. The subjects performed symptom ratings on Visual Analog Scales. During exposure to 2-ethyl-1-hexanol subjective ratings of smell and eye discomfort were minimally but significantly increased. Ratings of nasal irritation, throat irritation, headache, dyspnoea, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, and intoxication were not significantly affected. No exposure-related effects on measurement of blinking frequency by electromyography, measurement of the eye break-up time, vital staining of the eye, nasal lavage biomarkers, transfer tests, spirometric and rhinometric measures were seen. No differences in response were seen between sexes or between atopics and non-atopics
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| 9. |
- Ernstgård, L, et al.
(författare)
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Acute effects of exposure to vapors of 3-methyl-1-butanol in humans
- 2013
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Ingår i: Indoor Air. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0905-6947 .- 1600-0668. ; 23:3, s. 227-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The secondary alcohol 3-methyl-1-butanol (3MB, isoamyl alcohol) is used, for example, as a solvent in a variety of applications and as a fragrance ingredient. It is also one of the microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) found in indoor air. There are little data on acute effects. The aim of the study was to assess the acute effects of 3MB in humans. Thirty healthy volunteers (16 men and 14 women) were exposed in random order to 1 mg/m3 3MB or clean air for 2 h at controlled conditions. Ratings with visual analogue scales revealed slightly increased perceptions of eye irritation (P = 0.048, Wilcoxon) and smell (P < 0.0001) compared with control exposure. The other ratings were not significantly affected (irritation in nose and throat, dyspnea, headache, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, and intoxication). No significant exposure-related effects were found in blinking frequency, tear film break-up time, vital staining of the eye, nasal lavage biomarkers, lung function, and nasal swelling. In conclusion, this study suggests that 3MB is not a causative factor for health effects in damp and moldy buildings.
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| 10. |
- Foldspang, L, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring work wellbeing and productivity in the Nordic countries
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main objective of the Nordic Council of Ministers’ co-operation in the area of working environment is to promote health and welfare at work and thus productivity in society.In this context, the Nordic Council of Ministers has initiated a project aiming at clarifying the impact on productivity of work environment and well-being in companies. This report presents an indicator manual for use in measuring work environment in the Nordic countries. The report also outlines and defines a common Nordic concept of work well-being.The purpose of the indicators presented and the common Nordic concept of work well-being are to serve as important first steps on the way to a thorough econometric analysis of the relationship between work environment, well-being, and productivity.
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