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- Furtado, R. H. M., et al.
(författare)
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Caffeinated Beverage Intake, Dyspnea With Ticagrelor, and Cardiovascular Outcomes: Insights From the PEGASUS-TIMI 54 Trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 2047-9980. ; 9:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A proposed cause of dyspnea induced by ticagrelor is an increase in adenosine blood levels. Because caffeine is an adenosine antagonist, it can potentially improve drug tolerability with regard to dyspnea. Furthermore, association between caffeine and cardiovascular events is of clinical interest. METHODS AND RESULTS: This prespecified analysis used data from the PEGASUS TIMI 54 (Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Prior Heart Attack Using Ticagrelor Compared to Placebo on a Background of Aspirin-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 54) trial, which randomized 21 162 patients with prior myocardial infarction to ticagrelor 60 mg or 90 mg or matching placebo (twice daily). Baseline caffeine intake in cups per week was prospectively collected for 9694 patients. Outcomes of interest included dyspnea, major adverse cardiovascular events (ie, the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke), and arrhythmias. Dyspnea analyses considered the pooled ticagrelor group, whereas cardiovascular outcome analyses included patients from the 3 randomized arms. After adjustment, caffeine intake, compared with no intake, was not associated with lower rates of dyspnea in patients taking ticagrelor (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 0.91; 95% CI, 0.76-1.10; P= 0.34). There was no excess risk with caffeine for major adverse cardiovascular events (adjusted HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63-0.98; P=0.031), sudden cardiac death (adjusted HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.57-1.70; P=0.95), or atrial fibrillation (adjusted odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.56-2.04; P=0.84). CONCLUSIONS: In patients taking ticagrelor for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction, caffeine intake at baseline was not associated with lower rates of dyspnea compared with no intake. Otherwise, caffeine appeared to be safe in this population, with no apparent increase in atherothrombotic events or clinically significant arrhythmias.
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| 3. |
- Oláh, János, et al.
(författare)
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Revision of the European Rhyacophila fasciata species complex by fine phenomics of the paramere (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Opuscula Zoologica Instituti Zoosystematici et Oecologici Universitatis Budapestinensis. - 0237-5419 .- 2063-1588. ; 51:1, s. 21-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The poorly known, so called widely distributed and highly varying species of the European Rhyacophila fasciata species complex are revised by fine phenomics of the paramere organisation. In this species complex paramere is the most diverse organ. It is the speciation trait integrating the initial split of speciation by its stimulatory and titillating function involved in the early processes of reproductive isolation. Based on paramere organisation and on the character state of distribution three lineages have been delineated in the Rhyacophila fasciata species complex: the European R. fasciata lineage, the Caucasian R. aliena lineage and the R. mysica lineage distributed from Albania to Pakistan. In the R. fasciata lineage we have distinguished three clades of species: R. fasciata with five species, R. matrensis with seven species, and R. denticulata with seven species. We have re-diagnosed three known species: R. fasciata Hagen, 1859, R. denticulataMcLachlan, 1879, R. sociata Navas, 1916 and described 15 species new to science: R. biharensis Oláh sp. nov., R. bulgarica Oláh sp. nov., R. coppai Oláh sp. nov., R. csornahorensis Oláh & Szczęsny sp. nov., R. ferda Oláh sp. nov., R. kopasa Oláh & Coppa sp. nov., R. matrensis Oláh, & Szczęsny sp. nov., R. retezatensis Oláh sp. nov., R. rova Oláh & Coppa sp. nov. R. ruda Oláh & Johanson sp. nov., R. salfa Oláh sp. nov., R. soreda Coppa & Oláh sp. nov. R. suna Oláh sp. nov., R. tuhega Oláh sp. nov., R. zemplenensis Oláh sp. nov. The species status of Rhyacophila gemella Navas, 1923 was reinstated.
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| 5. |
- Anand, MP, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical, Epidemiological and Experimental Approaches to Assess Adverse Health Outcomes of Indoor Biomass Smoke Exposure: Conclusions from An Indo-Swedish Workshop in Mysuru, January 2020
- 2020
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Ingår i: Toxics. - : MDPI AG. - 2305-6304. ; 8:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report summarizes the outcome of a workshop held in Mysuru, India in January 2020 addressing the adverse health effects of exposure to biomass smoke (BMS). The aim of the workshop was to identify uncertainties and gaps in knowledge and possible methods to address them in the Mysuru study on Determinants of Health in Rural Adults (MUDHRA) cohort. Specific aims were to discuss the possibility to improve and introduce new screening methods for exposure and effect, logistic limitations and other potential obstacles, and plausible strategies to overcome these in future studies. Field visits were included in the workshop prior to discussing these issues. The workshop concluded that multi-disciplinary approaches to perform: (a) indoor and personalized exposure assessment; (b) clinical and epidemiological field studies among children, adolescents, and adults; (c) controlled exposure experiments using physiologically relevant in vitro and in vivo models to understand molecular patho-mechanisms are warranted to dissect BMS-induced adverse health effects. It was perceived that assessment of dietary exposure (like phytochemical index) may serve as an important indicator for understanding potential protective mechanisms. Well trained field teams and close collaboration with the participating hospital were identified as the key requirements to successfully carry out the study objectives.
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| 6. |
- Edwards, DA, et al.
(författare)
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Hydration for Clean Air Todaya
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Frontiers journal. - 2529-7333. ; 5:1-2, s. 1-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ganguly, K, et al.
(författare)
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Addressing the challenges of E-cigarette safety profiling by assessment of pulmonary toxicological response in bronchial and alveolar mucosa models
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1, s. 20460-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Limited toxicity data on electronic cigarette (ECIG) impede evidence-based policy recommendations. We compared two popular mixed fruit flavored ECIG-liquids with and without nicotine aerosolized at 40 W (E-smoke) with respect to particle number concentrations, chemical composition, and response on physiologically relevant human bronchial and alveolar lung mucosa models cultured at air–liquid interface. E-smoke was characterized by significantly increased particle number concentrations with increased wattage (25, 40, and 55 W) and nicotine presence. The chemical composition of E-smoke differed across the two tested flavors in terms of cytotoxic compounds including p-benzoquinone, nicotyrine, and flavoring agents (for example vanillin, ethyl vanillin). Significant differences in the expression of markers for pro-inflammation, oxidative stress, tissue injury/repair, alarm anti-protease, anti-microbial defense, epithelial barrier function, and epigenetic modification were observed between the flavors, nicotine content, and/ or lung models (bronchial or alveolar). Our findings indicate that ECIG toxicity is influenced by combination of multiple factors including flavor, nicotine content, vaping regime, and the region of respiratory tree (bronchial or alveolar). Toxic chemicals and flavoring agents detected in high concentrations in the E-smoke of each flavor warrant independent evaluation for their specific role in imparting toxicity. Therefore, multi-disciplinary approaches are warranted for comprehensive safety profiling of ECIG.
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