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- Ahonen, Pasi, et al.
(författare)
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Writing resistance together
- 2020
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Ingår i: Gender, Work and Organization. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0968-6673 .- 1468-0432. ; 27:4, s. 447-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This piece of writing is a joint initiative by the participants in the Gender, Work and Organization writing workshop organized in Helsinki, Finland, in June 2019. This is a particular form of writing differently. We engage in collective writing and embody what it means to write resistance to established academic practices and conventions together. This is a form of emancipatory initiative where we care for each other as writers and as human beings. There are many author voices and we aim to keep the text open and dialogical. As such, this piece of writing is about suppressed thoughts and feelings that our collective picket line allows us to express. In order to maintain the open-ended nature of the text, and perhaps also to retain some 'dirtiness' that is essential to writing, the article has not been language checked throughout by a native speaker of English.
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| 2. |
- Hasselgren, Caroline, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in dementia: on the potentially mediating effects of educational attainment and experiences of psychological distress
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Old-age dementias are known to disproportionally affect women as well as individuals with low educational attainment. The higher lifetime risk of dementia among women is usually attributed to their longer life expectancy. However, the impact of sex, and subsequent gender inequity, is likely to be more multifaceted than this explanation implies. Not least because of historical inequities in access to education between the sexes and the gender and socio-economic gradients in risk factors such as stress, depression and social isolation. Consequently, the present study sought to test whether differences in educational attainment and experiences of general psychological distress mediate the association between female sex and dementia. Methods: The study utilizes data obtained through the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study and the Prospective Populations Study on Women (n = 892). Data were analysed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with Weighted Least Squares Means and Variance adjusted (WLSMV) estimation. General psychological distress was indicated by a latent variable and constructed from five manifest items (previous depression, stress, self-esteem, chronic loneliness and satisfaction with social situation) that were all measured at baseline. Results: While the results could not corroborate that education directly mediates the effect of sex on dementia, level of distress was predicted by both female sex (0.607, p < .001) and education (- 0.166, p < .01) and, in turn, shown to be significantly associated with dementia (0.167, p < .05), also after controlling for confounders. When time from baseline to diagnosis was increased through sequential exclusion of dementia cases, the effect of distress on dementia was no longer significant. Conclusion: The overall findings suggest that social (dis) advantage predicts general psychological distress, which thereby constitutes a potential, and rarely acknowledged, pathway between female sex, education, and dementia. They further underline the importance of attending to both education and distress as 'gendered' phenomena when considering the nature of their associations with dementia. However, the possibility of reverse causality bias must be acknowledged and the need for longitudinal studies with longer follow-up stressed.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Lena, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Longstanding smoking associated with frontal brain lobe atrophy: a 32-year follow-up study in women
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ OPEN. - 2044-6055. ; 13:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo examine the association between midlife tobacco smoking and late-life brain atrophy and white matter lesions.MethodsThe study includes 369 women from the Prospective Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Cigarette smoking was reported at baseline 1968 (mean age=44 years) and at follow-up in 1974-1975 and 1980-1981. CT of the brain was conducted 32 years after baseline examination (mean age=76 years) to evaluate cortical atrophy and white matter lesions. Multiple logistic regressions estimated associations between midlife smoking and late-life brain lesions. The final analyses were adjusted for alcohol consumption and several other covariates.ResultsSmoking in 1968-1969 (adjusted OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.12 to 3.04), in 1974-1975 (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.39 to 4.04) and in 1980-1981 (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.41 to 4.33) were associated with late-life frontal lobe atrophy (2000-2001). The strongest association was observed in women who reported smoking at all three midlife examinations (OR 2.63; 95% CI 1.44 to 4.78) and in those with more frequent alcohol consumption (OR 6.02; 95% CI 1.74 to 20.84). Smoking in 1980-1981 was also associated with late-life parietal lobe atrophy (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.10 to 3.58). There were no associations between smoking and atrophy in the temporal or occipital lobe, or with white matter lesions.ConclusionLongstanding tobacco smoking was mainly associated with atrophy in the frontal lobe cortex. A long-term stimulation of nicotine receptors in the frontal neural pathway might be harmful for targeted brain cell.
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| 6. |
- Rydén, Lina, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Attrition in the Gothenburg H70 birth cohort studies, an 18-year follow-up of the 1930 cohort
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Epidemiology. - 2674-1199. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Longitudinal studies are essential to understand the ageing process, and risk factors and consequences for disorders, but attrition may cause selection bias and impact generalizability. We describe the 1930 cohort of the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, followed from age 70 to 88, and compare baseline characteristics for those who continue participation with those who die, refuse, and drop out for any reason during follow-up. Methods: A population-based sample born 1930 was examined with comprehensive assessments at age 70 (N = 524). The sample was followed up and extended to increase sample size at age 75 (N = 767). Subsequent follow-ups were conducted at ages 79, 85, and 88. Logistic regression was used to analyze baseline characteristics in relation to participation status at follow-up. Results: Refusal to participate in subsequent examinations was related to lower educational level, higher blood pressure, and lower scores on cognitive tests. Both attrition due to death and total attrition were associated with male sex, lower educational level, smoking, ADL dependency, several diseases, poorer lung function, slower gait speed, lower scores on cognitive tests, depressive symptoms, and a larger number of medications. Attrition due to death was also associated with not having a partner. Conclusions: It is important to consider different types of attrition when interpreting results from longitudinal studies, as representativeness and results may be differently affected by different types of attrition. Besides reducing barriers to participation, methods such as imputation and weighted analyses can be used to handle selection bias.
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| 7. |
- Stephen, Divya Anna, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial Self-efficacy and its Association with Selected Potential Factors Among Adults with Type 1 Diabetes : A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Diabetes Therapy. - : Springer. - 1869-6953 .- 1869-6961. ; 15:6, s. 1361-1373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction The management of type 1 diabetes, a non-preventable chronic disease, leads to a high physical and psychological burden on the individual. Digital health technology can improve a person's psychosocial self-efficacy and thereby contribute to improved diabetes self-care. The aim of this study was to explore associations between psychosocial self-efficacy and demographic-, disease specific-, well-being as well as digital health technology (DHT) related factors among adults with type 1 diabetes.Methods A primarily web-based cross sectional survey was conducted among adults with type 1 diabetes in Sweden (n = 301). Psychosocial self-efficacy was assessed using the Swedish version of the Diabetes Empowerment Scale, Swe-DES-23. The survey also contained questions related to demographic-, disease specific-, well-being as well as digital health technology related variables.Results Higher well-being scores and lower HbA1c levels were associated with higher psychosocial self-efficacy in multiple linear regression analysis. In multivariate analysis, gender, body mass index, well-being scores, and HbA1c levels showed association with psychosocial self-efficacy. None of the DHT factors were found associated with psychosocial self-efficacy.Conclusions In this study, higher well-being score and lower self-reported HbA1c levels were associated with higher psychosocial self-efficacy in both univariate- and multivariate analysis and accounted for 30% of the variation in psychosocial self-efficacy in the regression model. Thus, measures to improve psychosocial self-efficacy in adults with type 1 diabetes may help maintain their psychological well-being and blood glucose control.
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| 8. |
- Wetterberg, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Representativeness in population-based studies of older adults: five waves of cross-sectional examinations in the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 12:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTo describe representativeness in the Gothenburg H70 1930 Birth Cohort Study.DesignRepeated cross-sectional examinations of a population-based study.SettingGothenburg, Sweden.ParticipantsAll residents of Gothenburg, Sweden, born on specific birth dates in 1930 were invited to a comprehensive health examination at ages 70, 75, 79, 85 and 88. The number of participants at each examination was 524 at age 70, 767 at age 75, 580 at age 79, 416 at age 85, and 258 at age 88.Primary outcome measuresWe compared register data on sociodemographic characteristics and hospital discharge diagnoses between participants and (1) refusals, (2) all same-aged individuals in Gothenburg and (3) all same-aged individuals in Sweden. We also compared mortality rates between participants and refusals.ResultsRefusal rate increased with age. At two or more examination waves, participants compared with refusals had higher educational level, more often had osteoarthritis, had lower mortality rates, had lower prevalence of neuropsychiatric, alcohol-related and cardiovascular disorders, and were more often married. At two examination waves, participants compared with same-aged individuals in Gothenburg had higher education and were more often born in Sweden. At two examination waves or more, participants compared with same-aged individuals in Sweden had higher education, had higher average income, less often had ischaemic heart disease, were less often born in Sweden and were more often divorced.ConclusionsParticipants were more similar to the target population in Gothenburg than to refusals and same-aged individuals in Sweden. Our study shows the importance of having different comparison groups when assessing representativeness of population studies, which is important in evaluating generalisability of results. The study also contributes unique and up-to-date knowledge about participation bias in these high age groups.
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| 9. |
- Ahlner, Felicia, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of Alcohol Consumption and Associated Factors in a Population-Based Sample of 70-Year-Olds: Data from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study 2014-16
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601 .- 1661-7827. ; 19:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Older adults of today consume more alcohol, yet knowledge about the factors associated with different consumption levels is limited in this age group. Based on the data from a population-based sample (n = 1156, 539 men and 617 women) in The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study 2014-16, we examined sociodemographic, social, and health-related factors associated with alcohol consumption levels in 70-year-olds, using logistic regression. Total weekly alcohol intake was calculated based on the self-reported amount of alcohol consumed. Alcohol consumption was categorized as lifetime abstention, former drinking, moderate consumption (<= 98 g/week), and at-risk consumption (>98 g/week). At-risk consumption was further categorized into lower at-risk (98-196 g/week), medium at-risk (196-350 g/week), and higher at-risk (>= 350 g/week). We found that among the 1156 participants, 3% were lifetime abstainers, 3% were former drinkers, 64% were moderate drinkers, and 30% were at-risk drinkers (20% lower, 8% medium, 2% higher). Among several factors, former drinking was associated with worse general self-rated health (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.08-2.51) and lower health-related quality of life (measured by physical component score) (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91-0.97), higher illness burden (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07-1.27), and weaker grip strength (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.98). Higher at-risk drinkers more often had liver disease (OR 11.41, 95% CI 3.48-37.37) and minor depression (OR 4.57, 95% CI 1.40-14.95), but less contacts with health care (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.11-0.92). Our findings demonstrate the importance of classifications beyond abstinence and at-risk consumption, with implications for both the prevention and clinical management of unhealthy consumption patterns in older adults.
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| 10. |
- Axelsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Patient reported long-term side effects from treatment on urinary and sexual function in anal cancer survivors-3-and 6-year results from the Swedish national ANCA study
- 2024
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Ingår i: COLORECTAL DISEASE. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318. ; 26:7, s. 1359-1369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The standard treatment for anal cancer is chemoradiotherapy. Most patients survive anal cancer but remain living with long-term side effects related to the treatment received. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of long-term impairment of urinary and sexual function at 3 and 6 years after diagnosis and to investigate the additive effect from chemotherapy in combined chemoradiotherapy on urinary incontinence, compared to radiotherapy alone. Method: The ANal CAncer study (ANCA) is based on a national Swedish cohort of patients diagnosed with anal cancer between 2011 and 2013. All identified patients within the study were invited to respond to a study-specific questionnaire at 3 and 6 years. Descriptive analyses for the primary endpoint were performed. To investigate a possible additional effect from chemotherapy logistic regression was used. Results: A total of 388 patients were included in the study. At 3 years 264 patients were alive and invited to respond to an anal cancer specific questionnaire. The 3- and 6 year response rates were 195 (74%) and 155 patients (67%), respectively. The patient reported urinary function impairment at 3 years were urgency (63%), incomplete bladder emptying (47%), and incontinence (46%) and there was an absolute increase of the prevalence of urinary dysfunction in about 10% at 6 years. Three years after diagnosis, 77% reported that intercourse was not part of their sex life; this percentage increased at 6 years to 83%. We found no negative effect of chemotherapy in combined chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone on patient reported urinary incontinence. Conclusion: For anal cancer survivors, urinary function was impaired after 3 years and continued to deteriorate as measured at 6 years after diagnosis. Anal cancer and its treatment negatively affected sexual function for both men and women. This may explain why patients reported that sexual activity and frequency of intercourse was not of importance in their life.
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