| 1. |
- Johansson, Eva-Liz, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of different routes of vaccination for eliciting antibody responses in the human stomach
- 2004
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X. ; 22:8, s. 984-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determination of optimal routes to induce mucosal immune responses locally in the stomach and duodenum are important steps in the development of vaccines against Helicobacter pylori infection. In this study, we immunized H. pylori-infected individuals either nasally or rectally with a model antigen, i.e. cholera toxin B subunit, and compared the immune responses after these routes with the responses after oral or intrajejunal vaccination. Specific antibody levels in serum as well as specific antibody levels and antibody-secreting cells in biopsies from antrum and duodenum were determined by ELISA and ELISPOT methods. In contrast to oral vaccination, nasal and rectal vaccination did not induce significant increases in specific antibody-secreting cells either in the antrum or duodenum. Furthermore, when analyzing the antibody levels in saponin extracted biopsies, intrajejunal vaccination was superior to both nasal and rectal vaccination in inducing antigen-specific IgA levels in the stomach. We conclude that oral vaccination is the optimal route for induction of antigen-specific IgA antibody responses in the stomach and duodenum of humans, while nasal or rectal vaccination is less suitable for this purpose.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Bert, et al.
(författare)
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Application of wedge-shaped hot-film probes in a gas-particle flow
- 2003
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Ingår i: Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science. - 0894-1777. ; 27:2, s. 187-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A wedge-shaped hot-film probe is used to perform measurements of turbulence intensity and an estimate of the turbulent kinetic energy as well as the Eulerian spectra, macro- and micro-scales of the gas phase in a horizontal pipe flow carrying pulp fibres or spherical particles. In addition, the paper gives a summary of a method for handling the poor frequency response of the probe and discusses how to sort out "bad samples", occurring when the probe is hit by particles.
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| 5. |
- Li, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Dispersion of refractoriness in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Evaluation with simultaneous endocardial recordings from both atria.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Electrocardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-8430 .- 0022-0736. ; 35:3, s. 227-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article studies the role of dispersion of atrial refractoriness (DAR) in the genesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). A 20-polar Halo catheter or a 40-polar basket catheter was placed in the right atrium and a 10-polar catheter in the coronary sinus in 21 patients with paroxysmal AF. Bipolar electrograms during AF were recorded from 7 to 16 sites in both atria. As control, electrograms during AF induced by extra-stimulation or burst pacing were also recorded from 4 to 14 sites in both atria in 12 patients with supraventricular tachycardias but without history of AF. The local atrial fibrillation intervals (AFI) during a period of 10 s or 20 s were measured and the mean, median and the 5th, 10th and 15th percentile AFIs at each site were calculated as estimates of the local effective refractory period (AERP). The maximum dispersion and variance of the estimated AERP among the 7-16/4-14 sites were used as measures of the DAR. The maximum dispersion and variance of the 5th and 10th percentile AFIs were significantly greater in the AF group than those in the control group, which were mainly due to the shortening of the minimum 5th and 10th percentile AFIs. No significant differences in dispersion and variance of the mean and median AFIs were shown between the 2 groups. The dispersion and variance of atrial refractoriness during AF estimated from the measurement of short AFIs were significantly greater in patients with paroxysmal AF than in those without clinical AF. The increased dispersion of refractoriness in patients with AF was mainly due to the shortening of the minimum AFIs. These findings suggest the involvement of an increased dispersion of atrial refractoriness in the genesis of paroxysmal AF.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ljus, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Turbulence modification by particles in a horizontal pipe flow
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Multiphase Flow. - 0301-9322. ; 28:7, s. 1075-1090
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements were made of turbulence intensities and turbulent energy spectra in a fully developed, turbulent air-particle pipe flow. The influence of the particles on the turbulence was studied. Measurements were made with spherical particles and particles with a large aspect ratio (pulp fibres). There is a significant change in turbulence intensity at higher particle concentrations with loading ratios of m = 0.1 and 0.03. The measurements show that the turbulence intensity increases close to the centre of the pipe while the turbulence intensity decreases close to the pipe wall for the spherical particles. These results are in agreement with earlier measurements found in the literature. For the fibres, the turbulence intensity decreases over the whole pipe cross-section. Fibre flocs, however, give variations in the mean velocity that result in the production of turbulence in the lower part of the channel.
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| 8. |
- Nerhagen, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Marginalkostnadsberäkning av luftburna föroreningar från fordon : problem med differentiering, interdependens och variabilitet
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna studie är en del i ett forskningsprojekt vid VTI kallat "Implementeringav marginalkostnadsprissättning i transportsektorn - problem medvariabilitet, differentiering, interdependens och osäkerhet". Denna studieingår i delprojektet luftföroreningar som ska behandla miljöproblem i form avutsläpp som sprids via luften och som är kopplade till användningen avtransportsystemet Meningen med denna förstudie är att ge en översikt över deproblem med luftburna föroreningar från fordon som finns idag och vilkametoder som idag används för att beräkna marginalkostnaderna av dessa, samtdiskutera vad som ytterligare behöver utforskas utifrån perspektivet av enframtida marginalkostnadsprissättning av transporter. Vi behandlar dock inteklimatpåverkande gaser i detta arbete av två skäl; dels för att dessaeffekter är så vittomspännande vilket gör kostnadsberäkningen oerhört osäker,dels för att de kostnader som de ger upphov till inte varierar beroende påvar utsläppen sker eftersom påverkan är global. Vi har i studien delvisfokuserat på en modell för beräkning av transportsektors marginalkostnadersom tagits fram i ett europeiskt projekt, ExternE Core/Transport Dettaeftersom denna modell baserar sig på aktuell kunskap och även används för attberäkna kostnaderna för transporter på europeisk nivå. I vissa delar har vijämfört beräkningarna i den modellen med de beräkningar som de nu aktuellasvenska värdena baserar sig på.
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| 9. |
- Åstrand, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Tapered implants in jaws with soft bone quality : a clinical and radiographic 1-year study of the Brånemark System Mark IV fixture.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. - 1523-0899 .- 1708-8208. ; 5:4, s. 213-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The survival rate of oral implants in soft-quality bone has been demonstrated to be inferior to that of implants inserted in good-quality bone. A possible way to increase the survival rate in soft-quality bone may be to use a tapered implant. Such an implant has been developed and manufactured by Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden. So far, there have been only a few publications regarding this implant. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to compare the outcome of using the tapered Brånemark System Mark IV fixture with the outcome of using earlier Brånemark fixtures in a controlled prospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed as a multicenter study including seven specialist centers. The material consisted of 40 patients in need of implant-supported bridges in the maxilla. Twenty-five patients belonged to the test group, in which the tapered Mark IV implants were inserted, and 15 patients belonged to the control group, in which Brånemark Standard or Mark II implants were used. The patients were allocated to the test group or the control group according to randomization schedules. The implants were inserted according to the guidelines for Brånemark implants. A two-stage surgical protocol was used, and abutment connection was made 6 months after fixture insertion. The test group comprised 97 Mark IV implants, and the control group made up 92 implants. The prosthetic procedure followed the guidelines for Brånemark implants, and all patients were provided with full fixed maxillary bridges. The patients were followed up with clinical and radiographic records for 1 year after loading. RESULTS: The survival rate was 96.9% for the Mark IV implants and 98.9% for the control implants. There was no significant difference between the two groups. There was a mean marginal bone loss of 0.2 mm during the observation period, and there was no difference between test implants and control implants. CONCLUSIONS: With regard to survival rate and marginal bone level changes, no differences could be demonstrated between the Mark IV tapered implant and the Brånemark implants used earlier. However, compared with earlier results of Brånemark implants in soft-quality bone, the Mark IV implant demonstrated an improved survival rate.
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