| 1. |
- Glotova, Elena, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Metaphors of tinnitus as an acoustic environment
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of English Studies. - Umeå : Umeå University. - 1502-7694 .- 1654-6970. ; 21:2, s. 138-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is a qualitative study of metaphors at the levels of lexico-encyclopedic conceptual (LEC) metaphors (Johansson Falck 2018, forthc.) in nineteenth-century medical records of tinnitus and hearing disorders by English-speaking (the UK and the US) practitioners. Metaphor is essential for the linguistic and conceptual expression of illness (Semino 2008: 175) and, as we observe, remains endemic for the description of tinnitus in medical records. Our primary aim is to identify the metaphors used to describe the sounds of tinnitus, the kinds of experiences involved in these metaphorical conceptualizations and the cognitive and affording presence of tinnitus metaphors. The results suggest that metaphor provides a framework for the analogical reasoning about tinnitus and the methods of its treatment. Nineteenth-century accounts of ear diseases reference the sounds of biological and non-biological natural categories, transport and industrial sounds, the sounds of domestic interiors and music. Metaphorical descriptions of tinnitus sounds connect with the affordances of the environment (Gibson 2015) and are inherent to the location and occupation of the patient. As our findings support the historical explorations of tinnitus accounts, they make it possible to contribute to our current understanding of tinnitus by highlighting the importance of a patient-centered approach and establishing the significance of metaphor analysis in tinnitus studies.
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| 2. |
- Glotova, Elena, 1983-
(författare)
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Soundscapes in nineteenth-century Gothic short stories
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the eerie world of Gothic literature, sound represents a source of fear, anxiety, and discomfort, and it mostly affects its listeners through the invisible character of the experience. Sound is integral to nineteenth-century Gothic short stories with their panoply of liminal and polyphonic oppositions, as well as a claustrophobic feel of spaces, fearful listeners, and the return of the repressed. The meaning of sound in the perceived environment entangles discussions about the way Gothic literature represents and registers sound in its connection with space and listener. This thesis examines literary soundscapes, or a combination of sounds and sound patterns, in Gothic short stories of nineteenth-century writers Edgar Allan Poe, Samuel Warren, Matthew Phipps Shiel, Edith Nesbit, Phoebe Yates Pember, William Mudford, William Maginn, John Galt, and Charles Lever. Through close reading of the material, my study explores how sound engages with space and listener in four settings: houses, bedrooms, torture chambers, and burial grounds. By linking the auditory dimension and the spatial features, it is argued that soundscapes establish a system of communication that is essential for the formation and reconstruction of the listener’s sense of identity through empowering or disempowering acoustic trials. The four types of Gothic settings structure the dissertation, where each chapter has a story by Edgar Allan Poe as its nucleus. First I analyze the acoustic landscape of a house in its representation and influence on the listener. The acoustic diversity and multi-dimensionality of Gothic houses transgress into the imaginary acoustic landscapes and endanger the listeners. Next, I examine the private audible space of a (bed)room. The stories feature the uncanny sound of a heartbeat that becomes a destabilizing force and communicates the return of the repressed. I proceed to the interrelationship of sound, torture, and the victim in the (in)voluntary torture chambers. Finally, I focus on the burial grounds through the perspective of the protagonist confined in the limitations of the body and the surroundings. In its plurality of forms, sound becomes a key to self-image and self-assertion through the transformative acoustic experience. Gothic houses, rooms, and torture chambers represent a mutable and controlling power with an agency of living, breathing, and tormenting animated entity. The study reveals the forms of listening aggravated with physical or mental affliction that both engage with and destabilize medical frameworks. I expose temporality in Gothic soundscapes and underscore liminality as endemic both to the facets of Gothic soundscapes and the interconnection between the visual and the aural. In the coda, I highlight the reinvention of Gothic soundscapes in animated adaptations that intertwine aesthetic enjoyment and interpretative judgement.
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| 3. |
- Johansson Falck, Marlene, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging, tunneling, and towering : How human interaction with artifacts influences the meanings of converted verbs
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cognitive Semantics. - Umeå : Brill Academic Publishers. - 2352-6408 .- 2352-6416. ; 6:1, s. 29-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What determines the meaning of a converted verb? Why do some verbs that have been converted from nouns that refer to artifacts have the meaning of making the artifact, and others not? How come some of them, but not others, are connected with motion? And how do speakers’ experiences of the artifacts involved influence the meanings of the verbs? Noun-to-verb conversion has been dealt with at phonological, grammatical and word semantic levels, and explained in terms of metonymic processes and event schema. Yet few studies, if any, have looked into why and how converted verbs acquire the meanings that they do. This article is a corpus linguistic investigation of the converted verbs bridge, tunnel, and tower. Our aim is to find out how speakers’ experiences of the artifacts that the corresponding nouns refer to influence the meanings of the converted verbs.
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| 4. |
- Johansson Falck, Marlene, Professor, 1967-
(författare)
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Lexico-encyclopedic conceptual (LEC) metaphors
- 2023
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Ingår i: Handbook of cognitive semantics. - Leiden : Brill Academic Publishers. - 9789004526624 ; , s. 289-311
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metaphor theories have traditionally focused on the level of language, or on the level of thought. However, more recently it is commonly argued that multiple interacting constraints shape metaphorical meaning (Gibbs and Santa Cruz, 2012; Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez and Pérez Hérnandez, 2011). Accordingly, my psychological and corpus linguistic surveys suggest that linguistic metaphors are neither merely lexical, nor merely a reflection of more schematic metaphorical mappings between cognitive domains. They are conceptual mappings that involve speakers’ embodied experiences of the specific concepts represented by the lexical items that they use. They are “lexico-encyclopedic conceptual (LEC) metaphors” (Johansson Falck, 2018). By investigating patterns at the level of LEC metaphors, we may gain insights into how speakers’ embodied understandings of the world around them, through affordances (Gibson, 2015), help them structure, re-experience, and fine-tune the system of more schematic metaphorical mappings (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980/2008, 1999).
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| 5. |
- Johansson Falck, Marlene, Professor, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Metaphorical and non-metaphorical meaning from spatial relations
- 2024
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Ingår i: Review of Cognitive Linguistics. - Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1877-9751 .- 1877-976X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Speakers regularly use their experiences of spatial relations to construe linguistic meaning in metaphorical and non-metaphorical ways. Still, we have yet to identify the meaning-bearing functions that different spatial relations commonly serve. This paper focuses on into relations. Using data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English, we apply an Embodied Scenes approach to identify the categories of concepts that are regularly construed with ‘into relations’ and the actions that are commonly involved. More generally, we aim to show how spatial metaphors can be systematically studied by investigating the collocates of prepositions and prepositional constructions.
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| 6. |
- Johansson Falck, Marlene, Professor, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Procedure for identifying metaphorical scenes (pims) : a cognitive linguistics approach to bridge theory and practice
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cognitive Semantics. - Amsterdam : Brill Academic Publishers. - 2352-6408 .- 2352-6416. ; 8:2, s. 294-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past decades, several procedures have been developed to identify metaphors at the lexical level. However, because language is complex, there may not be one superior metaphor identification procedure that applies to all data. Moreover, metaphoridentification inevitably involves decisions on linguistic form that may not work equally well with all linguistic frameworks. We introduce a Procedure for IdentifyingMetaphorical Scenes (PIMS) reflected and evoked by linguistic expressions in discourse.The procedure is a prerequisite for the identification of metaphorical meaning that extends over phrases or longer stretches of text other than those defined as lexical units in current metaphor identification procedures and better reflects the CognitiveLinguistic (CL) view that linguistic meaning is equal to complex conceptualizations (Langacker, 2002, 2010), embodied (Gibbs, 2006), and simulation-based (Bergen, 2012). It takes the scenes evoked by the context into account and focuses on the experiences that are coded by the linguistic constructions.
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| 7. |
- Johansson Falck, Marlene, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Procedure for identifying metaphorical scenes (PIMS) : The case of spatial and abstract relations
- 2023
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Ingår i: Metaphor and Symbol. - : Routledge. - 1092-6488 .- 1532-7868. ; 38:1, s. 1-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Procedure for Identifying Metaphorical Scenes (PIMS) (Johansson Falck & Okonski, accepted) was developed to identify metaphorical meaning that extends over phrases or longer stretches of text, but it can also be used to identify metaphorically understood concepts coded by individual words. It focuses on scenes evoked by linguistic expressions to distinguish metaphorical, non-metaphorical, and ambiguous cases. In this paper, we pay particular attention to the relationships evoked by prepositional constructions and the elements that are part of these relationships. Our main aims are to show how PIMS can be used to identify metaphors in language that includes prepositions and to test the reliability of the procedure. We first describe the tricky nature of prepositions and why PIMS is needed in this particular context. Then we introduce the procedure and present two studies that test its reliability. In Study 1, PIMS was applied to a large corpus of sentences containing the preposition into (n = 8,500 instances). In Study 2, we analyze a mixed-preposition text that was previously used in a MIPVU study (Nacey, Dorst, Krennmayr, & Reijnierse, 2019a) in order to directly compare the reliability of PIMS to previous procedures for analyzing prepositions.
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| 8. |
- Kjellander, Daniel, 1973-
(författare)
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Ambiguity at work : lexical blends in an American English web news context
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study investigates the word formation process of lexical blending in the context of written US web news between January 2010–March 2018. The study has two interrelated aims. First, it aims to develop a transparent, rigid, and replicable method of data collection. This is motivated by a lack of systematicity of data collection procedures in previous research. Second, it aims to identify the characteristics of the retrieved blends; both generally and with a special focus on how ambiguity is realized. The data were collected from an offline version of the NOW corpus (News On the Web). A strict algorithm was devised to organize the data and to identify lexical blends among a large body of systematically collected word forms. Both automatic and manual procedures were employed in these tasks. The study is conducted within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics (CL). Semantic analysis is foregrounded in CL and language is considered perspectival, dynamic, non-autonomous, and experience-based. Furthermore, a Langackerian view on meaning is adopted in that symbolic potential is acknowledged in all resources and manifestations of language. Categorization is approached in accordance with the tenets of prototype theory, which acknowledges fuzzy category boundaries and gradual distribution of attributes.The results of the study show that the data collection methodology is quantitatively robust, which offers the possibility to generalize the observations within the context of the chosen limitations. Consequently, the developed methodology may also be applied in future investigations. Second, quantitative analyses validate some previous assumptions about grammatical functions, semantics, and seriality in blending. Third, a set of qualitative characteristics are identified in the collected set of blends, which offers a comprehensive approach to describing blend formation in the given context. The characteristics structural profiling and domain proximity are suggested as prominent aspects of blend formation. Structural profiling is marked by prominent structural attributes such as similarity of source words and intricate patterns of amalgamation, but figurative strategies are also foregrounded. Domain proximity is described in terms of semantic similarity between the source words and an iconic relation between the fusion of structure and the fusion of concepts. The notion of pseudomorphemic transfer is used to capture blends that fall within the operational definition of the study but also seem to be connected to other morphological processes through the instantiation of morphological schemata. Blends clustered in series based on recycled truncated segments are revisited from a qualitative perspective, and it is claimed that the process of morphemization is likely influenced by the degree of morpheme-like character of a serially distributed segment. Furthermore, four types of ambiguity are identified in the blend data; truncation ambiguity, mode ambiguity, source word ambiguity, and covert source ambiguity. On the basis of the observed impact of ambiguity, it is suggested that the construal of meaning in lexical blending makes use of multistability, which is a perceptual phenomenon observed in, for instance, binocular rivalry. Taken together, the results constitute a background for suggesting a model of categorization divided into two levels of organization. This model of categorization is called the dual model of blend classification.
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| 9. |
- Larsson, Andreas, Ph.D, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Analysing the elements of a scene : An integrative approach to metaphor identification in a naturalistic setting
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cognitive Semiotics. - Berlin/Boston : Mouton de Gruyter. - 1662-1425 .- 2235-2066. ; 15:2, s. 223-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the challenges of exploring metaphor use in a naturalistic environment. We employed an integrative approach to the analysis of metaphor in video-recorded classroom observations of a teacher lecturing on computer programming. The approach involved applying the Procedure for Identifying Metaphorical Scenes (PIMS) and the Metaphor Identification Guidelines for Gesture (MIG-G) both individually and jointly. Our analysis of the data shows that the teacher primarily uses metaphors that evoke experiences of manipulating physical objects while using his hands to add spatiality to these ‘objects’. Furthermore, it indicates that specific gestures may serve as ’anchoring-points’ for larger scenes, enabling the speaker to form a scene in which to place smaller concepts. Throughout the analysis, our integrative approach to metaphor analysis provided opportunities to both support and refute results from each of the procedures employed. Moreover, the PIMS procedure has both served as an efficient tool for identifying central concepts of a scene and a way to validate the results of the gesture analysis. We suggest that this integrative approach to metaphor may be used to provide clues about the embodied motivation of a metaphor at an individual level.
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| 10. |
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