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- Johansson, Helena
(författare)
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The economics of export processing zones revisited
- 1994
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Ingår i: Development Policy Review. - : Wiley. - 0950-6764 .- 1467-7679. ; 12:4, s. 387-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The accumulation of empirical evidence that outward-oriented developing countries have generally performed better than inward-oriented ones in terms of growth, industrialisation, job creation and other macroeconomic indicators provides an essential lesson for both policy-makers and development economists worldwide. The acknowledged importance of trade and non-traditional exports for development and rapid economic expansion in South-East Asia has inspired many developing countries to encourage export-oriented activities. Various instruments to promote non-traditional exports exist; this article will focus on the so-called export processing zones (EPZs).’ EPZs have long been a controversial issue among economists. The theoretical literature has most often argued that EPZs are welfare-reducing for the host country, but the extraordinary growth performance in, for example, China’s free trade areas, Mauritius’ EPZ and the Macao EPZ has stimulated a new interest and suggests that economic theory may lag behind in explaining the economic growth possibilities connected with EPZs. Some of the existing theoretical approaches, such as the neo-classical, have effectively assumed away the reasons for the EPZs, while others, in turn, have overlooked possible beneficial effects from their establishment. One such important effect may be the curufytic role of EPZs for the host country. In distorted, low-income economies lacking industrial capability, EPZs may initiate export-led industrialisation by bringing a critical mass of knowledge to the country. Furthermore, EPZs may also have a catalytic effect on some of the multinational corporations entering the zones, especially inexperienced mncs. Several of the mncs emanating from developing countries, for example, started their foreign production venture by investing in Ems.
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- Johansson, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Biologisk mångfald i skogslandskapet.
- 1994
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I skogslandskapet är mångfalden av arter och framför allt hotade sådana, koncentrerade till sumpskogar, gammal skog, död ved, och lövträd.Förekomsten av nyckelbiotoper i länet har uppskattats utifrån de ca 5% av skogsmarksarealen som idag är inventerade.Ingenting tyder på att situationen skulle vara väsentligt annorlunda i övriga delar av länet.Endast 2-3% av skogsmarksarealen i länet, inkl reservaten, bedöms utgöra biotoper med så höga naturvärden att de uppfyller kraven för nyckelbiotop.Detta ger en bild av hur mycket av skogen som idag har naturskogskaraktär och därmed också hur omfattande omdaningen av skogslandskapet har varit. Arterna i skogslandskapet påverkas i olika utsträckning av det moderna skogsbruket.
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- Mattsson Hultén, Lillemor, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of lipoprotein lipase mRNA and secretion in macrophages isolated from human atherosclerotic aorta.
- 1993
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical investigation. - 0021-9738. ; 92:4, s. 1759-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA and the LPL activity were studied in macrophages (CD14 positive) from human atherosclerotic tissue. Macrophages were isolated after collagenase digestion by immunomagnetic isolation. About 90% of the cells were foam cells with oil red O positive lipid droplets. To analyze the mRNA expression, PCR with specific primers for LPL was used. Arterial macrophages were analyzed directly after isolation and the data showed low expression of LPL mRNA when compared with monocyte-derived macrophages. To induce the expression of LPL mRNA in macrophages, PMA was used. When incubating arterial macrophages with PMA for 24 h we could not detect any increase in LPL mRNA levels. Similarly, the cells secreted very small amounts of LPL even after PMA stimulation. In conclusion, these studies show a very low expression of LPL mRNA in the CD14-positive macrophage-derived foam cells isolated from human atherosclerotic tissue. These data suggest that the CD14-positive cells are a subpopulation of foam cells that express low levels of lipoprotein lipase, and the lipid content could be a major factor for downregulation of LPL. However, the cells were isolated from advanced atherosclerotic lesions, and these findings may not reflect the situation in early fatty streaks.
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