| 1. |
- Ersson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is not associated with exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in adolescent athletes
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. ; 54:suppl 63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The mechanisms of EIB have been suggested to differ between adult athletes and the general population. In line with this, FeNO has been associated with EIB in the general population, but not in adult athletes. Respiratory resistance measured by forced oscillation technique is suggested to be a more sensitive measurement of airway obstruction than FEV1.Aim: To study the association between baseline FeNO and post-exercise changes in FEV1 and respiratory resistance in adolescents either attending a sports high school or from the general population.Methods: Study group A consisted of 148 adolescents, aged 13-15 years, from the general population. Study group B consisted of 98 adolescents, aged 15-17 years, attending sports high school. The subjects performed FeNO before and FEV1 and respiratory resistance measurements at 5 Hz (R5) before and after a standardised exercise test.Results: A positive EIB test (fall in FEV1 ≥10%) was found in 48 subjects in group A and in 24 subjects in group B. FeNO related to post-exercise fall in FEV1 as well as increase in R5 in group A (rho=-0.17, p=0.04 and rho=0.34, p<0.001, respectively). No such relation was found in group B (p>0.05). Elevated FeNO (>25 ppb) was associated with EIB in group A: odds ratio (OR) 2.6 (CI 95% 1.1, 6.2), but not in group B (OR 1.0, CI 95% 0.3, 3.2). The findings in group A were consistent after adjusting for age, gender and height (aOR 2.6 CI 95% 1.1, 6.6).Conclusion: EIB in adolescent athletes is not associated with FeNO in contrast to adolescents from the general population. This indicates that the mechanisms leading to EIB in adolescent athletes may differ from the general population.FootnotesCite this article as: European Respiratory Journal 2019; 54: Suppl. 63, PA4508.This is an ERS International Congress abstract. No full-text version is available. Further material to accompany this abstract may be available at www.ers-education.org (ERS member access only).
|
|
| 2. |
- Gjerstad, Karl-Idar, et al.
(författare)
-
NORDUST : Nordic Road Dust Project
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Road dust is an important contributor to airborne particle pollution, especially in the Nordic countries where high road surface wear, due to studded tyre useas well as winter maintenance and operations including sanding and salting are important contributors. Even though the road dust problems are similar, the countries have tackled different parts of the problem with different research approaches, resulting in a complex knowledgebase in need of compilation. A former project, NORTRIP, started this work and implemented the knowledge into an emission model with a specially elaborated road dust focus. The model work has been used to identify knowledge gaps, intended to be filled within the NorDust project. Laboratory tests and controlled and uncontrolled field measurements as well as parametrisation and modelling has been used as tools to find, describe and implement issues concerning road dust formation, suspension and dynamics and road operation effects on emissions in facilities and sites in Finland and Sweden. The NORTRIP model has been implemented and evaluated in Iceland, not previously involved in the model development, to identify input data needs. The project has resulted in an array of findings, of which some have been possible to implement in new parametrisations in the NORTRIP model. In the complex research area of road dust dynamics, the project has also resulted in a lot of practical experiences concerning experimental and measurement designs and evaluation possibilities that future research will be able to benefit from.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Johansson, Henrik, 1965-
(författare)
-
Exercise induced breathing problems in adolescents
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Experiencing respiratory symptoms in conjunction with exercise is common in children and adolescents and can have a negative impact on daily life. The aim of the thesis was to estimate the prevalence of exercise-induced dyspnoea, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (E-ILO) in a general adolescent population, and to explore factors associated with EIB.Methods: All 12-13-year-old adolescents in the city of Uppsala (n=3,838) participated in a survey on exercise-induced dyspnoea. A subsample of adolescents who answered the survey, 103 randomly selected adolescents reporting exercise-induced dyspnoea and 47 random adolescents who did not report exercise-induced dyspnoea underwent standardised treadmill exercise tests for EIB and E-ILO. The exercise test for EIB was performed while breathing dry air; a positive test was defined as a decrease ≥10% in FEV1 from baseline. E-ILO was investigated using continuous laryngoscopy during exercise. Health related quality of life (HRQoL), and objectively measured daily physical activity were investigated in those with (n=49) and without (n=91) a positive EIB-test.Results: The prevalence of exercise-induced dyspnoea was 14%, and the estimated prevalence of EIB and E-ILO in the total population was 19.2% and of 5.7%, respectively, with no gender differences. In adolescents with exercise-induced dyspnoea 40% had EIB, 6% had E-ILO, and 5% had both conditions.An increased baseline level of fraction of nitric oxide in exhaled air (FeNO), female gender, and exercise-induced dyspnoea were associated with a positive EIB test. Female adolescents with EIB had lower HRQoL and lower baseline lung function compared to females without EIB. These differences were not observed in male adolescents. There was no difference in time spent in moderate- to vigorous daily physical activity between adolescents with and without EIB.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Johansson, Henrik, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Exercise test using dry air in random adolescents: temporal profile and predictors of bronchoconstriction
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Respirology (Carlton South. Print). - : Wiley. - 1323-7799 .- 1440-1843. ; 21:2, s. 289-296
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objectiveGuidelines recommend exercise tests using dry air to diagnose exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). Lung function changes subsequent to these tests have not been investigated in a general adolescent population, and it remains unknown whether signs of airway inflammation, measured using exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), can predict a positive response. The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal aspect of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) after an exercise test using dry air, and to investigate predictors of EIB.MethodsFrom a cross-sectional study on adolescents aged 13–15 years (n = 3838), a random subsample of 146 adolescents (99 with and 47 without self-reported exercise-induced dyspnoea) underwent standardized treadmill exercise tests for EIB while breathing dry air.ResultsOf the adolescents, 34% had a positive EIB test (decline of ≥10% in FEV1 from baseline) within 30 min. Of the subjects with EIB, 53% showed the greatest decline in FEV1 at 5 to 10 min (mean decline 18.5%), and the remaining 47% of the subjects showed the greatest decline at 15 to 30 min (mean decline 18.9%) after exercise. Increased FeNO (>20 ppb), female gender and self-reported exercise-induced dyspnoea were independently associated with a positive EIB test.ConclusionWhen assessing general adolescents for EIB with exercise test using dry air, there is a temporal variation in the greatest FEV1 decline after exercise. Therefore, lung function should be measured for at least 30 min after the exercise. Increased FeNO, female gender and self-reported exercise-induced dyspnoea can be predictors of a positive EIB test.
|
|
| 7. |
- Johansson, Henrik, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased prevalence of exercise-induced airway symptoms : A five-year follow-up from adolescence to young adulthood
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 154, s. 76-81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Exercise-induced airway symptoms are common in adolescents. Little is known about the development of symptoms from adolescence to early adulthood. Therefore, we studied the prevalence, incidence, and remission of exercise-induced airway symptoms (including wheeze, cough, chest and throat tightness, hoarseness, and stridor) in adolescents, over a five-year period.Methods: In 2011, all adolescents aged 12-13 years in Uppsala (n=3 838) were invited to answer a questionnaire on exercise-induced airway symptoms. All responding adolescents (n=2 309) were invited to answer the same questionnaire again after five years. In total, 1 002 adolescents responded (43.4%).Results: The prevalence of exercise-induced airway symptoms increased from 25% at baseline to 49% at follow-up (p<0.001). More females than males reported symptoms at both time points. The incidence of airway symptoms was 42.2%, with no sex differences. More males than females reported symptom remission (20.2 vs. 10.7%, p<0.001). Females reported a higher asthma prevalence at follow-up than at baseline (7.6 vs. 15.2%), while males did not (10.9 vs. 8.0%), leading to a sex difference in prevalence at follow-up (p<0.001). Smoking and baseline respiratory symptoms were associated with an increased risk of reporting symptoms at follow-up.Conclusions: A twofold increase in the prevalence of exercise-induced airway symptoms over a five-year period was found in this cohort. Females were more likely to report symptoms at both time points. Knowledge of these age-related changes in symptoms and their association to female gender is useful for future studies and healthcare providers.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Johansson, Henrik, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Subjective and objective assessment of physical activity : Influence of newly diagnosed exercise induced bronchoconstriction and gender
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 131, s. 205-209
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate if occurrence of newly diagnosed exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) would affect adolescents' ability to assess their physical activity.METHODS: 99 selected adolescents with and 47 adolescents without self-reported exercise induced dyspnea were included. All of the 146 adolescents then performed a standardized exercise challenge test on a treadmill with dry-air inhalation to detect EIB. Free living physical activity was assessed during seven days with both accelerometer (objective assessment) and a validated activity diary (subjective assessment). Height, weight and subjective sleep were recorded.RESULTS: Out of the 146 adolescents 49 were diagnosed with EIB. Forty-six of the adolescents with EIB (35 girls and 11 boys) and 84 of the control adolescents (45 girls and 39 boys) had complete 7 day activity diary and accelerometer data. There were no differences in age, BMI and sleep between EIB and control adolescents. Boys with EIB overestimated subjective assessment compared to objective assessment more than girls with EIB. No difference was seen between control boys and girls. Furthermore, boys with EIB reported a much higher frequency of high intensity exercise than girls with EIB, but no difference was observed between control boys and girls.CONCLUSION: Adolescent boys with newly diagnosed EIB overestimated their physical activity compared to EIB girls. Caution may thus be used when choosing methods measuring level of physical activity in this group and especially when investigating gender differences.
|
|
| 10. |
- Johansson, Henrik, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
The relationship between exercise induced bronchial obstruction and health related quality of life in female and male adolescents from a general population
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMC Pulmonary Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2466. ; 16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Previous studies have observed that exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is more common and more strongly related to exercise related breathing problems in female adolescents than male adolescents. However, few studies have investigated the association between EIB and health related quality of life (HRQoL) from a gender perspective. The aim of this study was to examine the association between EIB and HRQoL and physical activity level in female and male adolescents with and without EIB. Methods: From a population based study on exercise-induced breathing problems among adolescents (13-15 years, n = 3838) a cross sectional study with prospective data collection was carried out in a random subsample of 140 adolescents. The subjects in the sample were tested for EIB with a standardised exercise test, of which 49 adolescents were tested positive. HRQoL was assessed with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and the adolescents' physical activity levels were measured objectively with accelerometer. Results: The female subjects with EIB reported a lower HRQoL, both in total score (p = 0.03) and physical functioning score (p = 0.009) and had a lower baseline FEV1 compared to females without EIB (88 vs. 94 % predicted, p = 0.001). No differences were found in HRQoL or baseline lung function between males with or without EIB. There were no differences in minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day between females or males with and without EIB. Conclusion: In a general population, the female adolescents with EIB had lower HRQoL and poorer baseline lung function compared to counterparts without EIB. These differences were not observed in males. EIB does not appear to affect the level of daily physical activity neither in females nor males.
|
|
