| 1. |
- Håkanson, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Single InP/GaInP quantum dots studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy induced luminescence
- 2002
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 80:3, s. 494-496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the optical and structural properties of single, self-assembled InP quantum dots (QDs) overgrown with nominally 5 nm of GaInP, using an ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (STM) operating at low temperatures. The STM is combined with an optical detection system, which allows us to detect the emission from individual quantum dots with high spatial resolution. We find that the InP QDs act as nucleation points for the GaInP overgrowth, where the strain induced by the overlayer give rise to a QD emission around 1.46 eV. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Correlation between overgrowth morphology and optical properties of single self-assembled InP quantum dots
- 2003
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 68:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the early stages of GaInP overgrowth on InP quantum dots (QD's) experimentally and theoretically. A direct correlation between the surface morphology and the optical properties of individual InP QD's is made using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling luminescence. The geometric structure of the islands is further investigated using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The overgrowth occurs in three stages; initially the InP QD's act as seeding points for the overgrowth, where the GaInP grows laterally from the side facets of the QD. The growth occurs preferentially in the [110] direction and elongated GaInP/InP islands are formed. As the overgrowth continues the islands increase laterally in size and GaInP also starts to grow between the islands, but not covering the top of the InP QD's. The growth of GaInP on top of the QD's commences once the islands have begun to coalesce. Using a model based on the STM and TEM results the electronic structures of the QD's have been calculated by eight-band k.p theory. The calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results. Our findings unravel the details of the strain induced energy shift of the QD luminescence previously reported [Pistol , Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 1438 (1995)].
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| 3. |
- Hargeby, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Habitat-specific pigmentation in a freshwater isopod : Adaptive evolution over a small spatiotemporal scale
- 2004
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Ingår i: Evolution. - : Wiley. - 0014-3820 .- 1558-5646. ; 58:1, s. 81-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pigmentation in the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus (Crustacea) differed between habitats in two Swedish lakes. In both lakes, isopods had lighter pigmentation in stands of submerged vegetation, consisting of stoneworts (Chara spp.), than in nearby stands of reed (Phragmites australis). Experimental crossings of light and dark isopods in a common environment showed that pigmentation had a genetic basis and that genetic variance was additive. Environmental effects of diet or chromatophore adjustment to the background had minor influence on pigmentation, as shown by laboratory rearing of isopods on stonewort or reed substrates, as well as analyses of stable isotope ratios for isopods collected in the field. In both study lakes, the average phenotype became lighter with time (across generations) in recently established stonewort stands. Taken together, these results indicate that altered phenotype pigmentation result from evolutionary responses to local differences in natural selection. Based on the assumption of two generations per year, the evolutionary rate of change in pigmentationwas 0.08 standard deviations per generation (haldanes) over 20 generations in one lake and 0.22 haldanes over two generations in the other lake. This genetic change occurred during an episode of population growth in a novel habitat, a situation known to promote adaptive evolution. In addition, stonewort stands constitute large and persistent patches, characteristics that tend to preserve local adaptations produced by natural selection. Results from studies on selective forces behind the adaptivedivergence suggest that selective predation from visually oriented predators is a possible selective agent. We found no indications of phenotype-specificmovements between habitats. Mating within stonewort stands was random with respect to pigmentation, but on a whole-lake scale it is likely that mating is assortative, as a result of local differences in phenotype distribution.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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EU, kommunerna och regional mobilisering
- 2002
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Ingår i: Sverige i EU : dilemman, institutioner, politikområden (2., omarb. uppl.). - 9171508643
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract is not available
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Albin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Acute myeloid leukemia and clonal chromosome aberrations in relation to past exposure to organic solvents
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140. ; 26:6, s. 482-491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The effects of occupational and leisure-time exposures on the risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were investigated with emphasis on clonal chromosome aberrations (CCA) and morphological subtypes. METHODS: Consecutively diagnosed cases of AML (N=333) and 1 population referent per case were retrospectively included in the study. Information on worktasks, companies, and leisure-time activities was obtained with telephone interviews. Exposure probability and intensity were assessed by occupational hygienists. Associations were evaluated with logistic regression. RESULTS: Exposure to organic solvents was associated with an increased risk of AML [low exposure: OR 1.5 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.0-2.3, moderate-high exposure: OR 2.3 (95% CI 1.0-5.0)]. For exposure to solvents, but not to benzene, the OR was 1.2 (95% CI 0.69-2.0) for "low" and 2.7 (95% CI 1.0-7.3) for "moderate-high" exposure. The observed effects increased with intensity and duration of exposure. The estimated effects were higher for patients >60 years of age at the time of diagnosis. The effect of exposure to organic solvents was not differential with regard to morphology [except possibly erythroleukemia: OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.0-17 or the presence of CCA in general]. No increased risk for AML with complex CCA or with total or partial losses of chromosomes 5 or 7 were observed, but a higher risk was found for AML with trisomy 8 (OR 11, 95% CI 2.7-42) as the sole aberration. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to organic solvents was associated with an increased risk of AML. This association was not due to benzene exposure alone and may be modified by age. Furthermore, specific associations with trisomy 8, and possibly also erythroleukemia, were suggested.
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| 7. |
- Albin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Cytogenetic and morphologic subgroups of myelodysplastic syndromes in relation to occupational and hobby exposures.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140. ; 29:5, s. 378-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association between occupational and hobby exposure and the risk of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) while focusing on differential patterns of clonal chromosome aberrations and morphologic subgroups. METHODS: A case-referent study was conducted with 330 MDS patients investigated cytogenetically in 1976-1993 (cases) and matched referents. Telephone interviews with either the person or a next-of-kin were used. The participation rate of the cases and referents was 85% and 60%, respectively. Information was obtained from the next-of-kin more often for the cases (88%) than for the referents (26%). Occupational hygienists assessed the exposure using interview data on worktasks and hobbies. Associations with disease risk were evaluated for 10 exposures with a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The investigated exposures were generally not associated with cytogenetically abnormal MDS. Effect estimates for specific cytogenetic or morphologic subgroups were generally imprecise. Occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (EMF) was associated with MDS with a normal karyotype [odds ratio (OR) 2.0, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.0-4.0]. The exposure-response association was consistent for intensity but inconclusive for duration. A decreased risk was observed for MDS, irrespective of karyotypic pattern, among farmers and farmhands (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.35-0.81). CONCLUSIONS: Cytogenetically abnormal MDS was generally not associated with occupational or hobby exposure to known or suspected genotoxic agents. However, exposure prevalences and intensities were low for several agents. An association was suggested between occupational exposure to EMF and MDS with a normal karyotype. Biases due to differential information quality and selective participation cannot be ruled out.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Utslagen fiskrekrytering och sviktande fiskbestånd i Kalmar läns kustvatten
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Undersökningar gjorda 1994-1997 i ett antal områden i Kalmarsund visade minskande bestånd av främst gädda och abborre samt en låg årsyngelproduktion vid jämförelse med tidigare studier. Observationerna stöddes av rapporter från fiskare och allmänhet och uppfattades så allvarliga, att ett tvåårigt forskningsprojekt beslutades genomföras för att dels dokumentera skadornas karaktär och geografiska utbredning, dels analyserade bakomliggande orsakerna. Projektet, som pågick under 1998-1999, omfattade ett flertal områden efter Kalmarsunds fastlandskust, ett område öster om Öland, samt några referensområden norr om sundet och ett söder därom. Inventerande provfisken och årsyngelundersökningar gjordes för att kartlägga fisksamhällets sammansättning och rekryteringen till de vuxna bestånden. Trålningar genomfördes under abborrens kläckningsperiod för att mäta tätheten av fisklarver samt undersöka deras överlevnad och tillväxt. I samband med detta gjordes insamlingar av djurplankton för att kartlägga larvernas födounderlag. Fält- och laboratorieexperiment genomfördes för att studera romutveckling, kläckning och larvöverlevnad hos gädda och abborre. Som stöd vid tolkningarna av resultaten inhämtades vattenkemiska data från den samordnade kustvattenkontrollen i Kalmar län.Tätheten av främst vuxen abborre men även gädda var mycket låg i området mellan Emån och Revsudden i sundets mitt och andelen gamla fiskar var stor. Även längre ner mot länsgränsen fanns tecken på att bestånden var negativt påverkade. På lokalen vid östra Öland var tätheterna likaså mycket låga. Inventeringen av årsyngel gav en ännu mer negativ bild. Bara ett fåtal yngel av abborre och gädda fångades i hela Kalmarsundsområdet. Även yngel av karpfiskar,strömming och stubbar förekom i lågatätheter. Något påverkade alltså fiskrekryteringen så negativt, att även de vuxna bestånden av flertalet arter reducerats. Det strandnära yngel- och småfisksamhället dominerades av spiggar, vilka förekom i högre tätheter än i referensområdena. Resultaten från de lokaler som besökts vid upprepade tillfällen visade att skadorna förvärrats med tiden.Vattenkemiska data visade, att högsalt- eller ammoniumhalt knappast kunde vara en tänkbar förklaring till den uteblivna rekryteringen. Ammoniumhalterna når inte skadliga nivåer i rekryteringsområdena, och salthalten har minskat i stället för ökat i kustområdet under de senaste 10 åren. Såväl fält- som laboratorieexperimenten gav resultat som talar emot en toxisk påverkan på föräldrafiskar eller ägg och larver. Befruktningsgrad, kläckning och larvöverlevnad vartill synes normala. Undersökning av snäckor från de områden där kläckningsförsök och rekryteringsstudier genomfördes, visade att det åtminstone detta år inte förekom larver eller cerkarier ögonsugmasken Diplostomum sp. under den känsliga period då fisklarver kan dödas av parasitangrepp. Eutrofiering har förts fram som en tänkbar orsak till den sviktande fiskrekryteringen. Närsaltsdata visar att området är övergött, och en förändrad kväve/fosforkvot antyder att primärproduktionen blivit alltmer kvävebegränsad under produktionsperioden senare år.Eutrofieringen yttrar sig som en ökning av primärproduktionen. Halterna klorofyll-a har tenderat att öka i de kustnära vattnen och bedöms som höga enligt Naturvårdsverkets bedömningsgrunder för miljökvalitet, Kust och Hav (1999). Under de senaste 4-5 åren har halterna emellertid sjunkit, vilket kan kopplas till ökat siktdjup. Utvecklingen indikerar att en större del av primärproduktionen under senare år sker i det bentiska växtsamhället. Denna utveckling ses inte i referensområdena. Även om en rik bottenvegetation normalt är positivt för fisk, kan alltför kraftig algpåväxt ha flera negativa effekter, t ex att leksubstraten försämras. En förskjutning av produktionen från pelagiska mikroalger till det bentiska systemet kan också innebära att fiskens födotillgång påverkas. Analyserna av zooplanktonproven visade tydliga avvikelser jämfört med referensmaterialen, såväl vad avser artsammansättning som täthet, och indikerar att födounderlaget försämrats för pelagiska fisklarver, t ex abborre, strömming och stubbar.Utsläppen från Mönsterås Bruk har också ansetts utgöra en möjlig förklaring. Om skadorna på fisk beror på eutrofiering, kan effekterna av brukets utsläpp ses som ett bidrag bland andra till den antropogena belastningen i området. Risken för att toxiska eller hormonellt störande ämnen i avloppsvattnet påverkat fisken måste enligt resultaten från fält och laboratorieexperimenten bedömas vara liten.Kalmarsund hyser landets tätaste skarvkolonier. Teoretiska beräkningar, baserat på uppskattningar av skarvbeståndets storlek, visar att dess konsumtion skulle kunna uppgå till den totala produktionen av stationär fisk i området vilket kan vara en viktig förklaring till de minskande tätheterna. Det finns dock observationer som talar mot skarven som den enda bakomliggande faktorn. Årsyngel utnyttjas normalt inte som föda av skarvarna, och rekryteringen försämrades inte bara för de stationära arterna abborre och gädda, utan även för stubbar och sillar vars vuxna bestånd inte påverkas lika starkt av skarv. Modellsimuleringar visar dock, att i dagens situation kan skarvpredationen effektivt motverka att bestånden återhämtar sig när, förhoppningsvis, rekryteringen åter börjar bli normal.
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| 9. |
- Behnke, B, et al.
(författare)
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Fluorescence imaging of frit effects in capillary separations
- 2000
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Ingår i: Electrophoresis. - 0173-0835. ; 21:15, s. 3102-3108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gradient of five dansylated amino acids in a capillary-based separation system commonly used in capillary liquid chromatography (LC) or capillary electrochromatography (CEC) was followed and examined in detail using a detection method based on laser-induced fluorescence imaging. The detection system consisted of an XeCl excimer laser and an image-intensified charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. Fluorescence intensity profiles along the capillary column were displayed and continuously updated on a computer screen. The detector system enabled the separation dynamics in the column to be monitored. The experiments were focused on the course of events, especially at interfaces. The processes occurring at the beginning of the reversed-phase packing material were studied as well as at the transition from stationary phase to the outlet frit and the open tubular area. Striking differences in signal intensity and separation efficiency were revealed depending on where on the column detection was performed. Furthermore, adsorption of the analytes on the frits was observed.
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| 10. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Are occupational, hobby, or lifestyle exposures associated with Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukaemia?
- 2001
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 58:11, s. 722-727
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate a broad range of occupational, hobby, and lifestyle exposures, suggested as risk factors for Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). METHODS: A case-control study, comprising 255 Ph+CML patients from southern Sweden and matched controls, was conducted. Individual data on work tasks, hobbies, and lifestyle exposures were obtained by telephone interviews. Occupational hygienists assessed occupational and hobby exposures for each subject individually. Also, occupational titles were obtained from national registries, and group level exposure-that is, the exposure proportion for each occupational title-was assessed with a job exposure matrix. The effects of 11 exposures using individual data and two exposures using group data (organic solvents and animal dust) were estimated. RESULTS: For the individual data on organic solvents, an effect was found for moderate or high intensity of exposure (odds ratio (OR) 3.4, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.1 to 11) and for long duration (15-20 years) of exposure (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.0). By contrast, the group data showed no association (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.27 to 1.8; moderate or high intensity versus no exposure). For extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs), only individual data were available. An association with long occupational exposure to EMFs was found (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.5). However, no effect of EMF intensity was indicated. No significant effects of benzene, gasoline or diesel, or tobacco smoking were found. OR estimates below unity were suggested for personal use of hair dye and for agricultural exposures. CONCLUSIONS: Associations between exposure to organic solvents and EMFs, and Ph+CML were indicated but were not entirely consistent.
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