| 1. |
- Fretts, Amanda M., et al.
(författare)
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Consumption of meat is associated with higher fasting glucose and insulin concentrations regardless of glucose and insulin genetic risk scores : a meta-analysis of 50,345 Caucasians
- 2015
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 102:5, s. 1266-1278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent studies suggest that meat intake is associated with diabetes-related phenotypes. However, whether the associations of meat intake and glucose and insulin homeostasis are modified by genes related to glucose and insulin is unknown. Objective: We investigated the associations of meat intake and the interaction of meat with genotype on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations in Caucasians free of diabetes mellitus. Design: Fourteen studies that are part of the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology consortium participated in the analysis. Data were provided for up to 50,345 participants. Using linear regression within studies and a fixed-effects meta-analysis across studies, we examined l) the associations of processed meat and unprocessed red meat intake with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations; and 2) the interactions of processed meat and unprocessed red meat with genetic risk score related to fasting glucose or insulin resistance on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. Results: Processed meat was associated with higher fasting glucose, and unprocessed red meat was associated with both higher fasting glucose and fasting insulin concentrations after adjustment for potential confounders [not including body mass index (BMI)]. For every additional 50-g serving of processed meat per day, fasting glucose was 0.021 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.011, 0.030 mmol/L) higher. Every additional 100-g serving of unprocessed red meat per day was associated with a 0.037-mmol/L (95% CI: 0.023, 0.051-mmol/L) higher fasting glucose concentration and a 0.049-1n-pmon (95% CI: 0.035, 0.063-1n-pmol/L) higher fasting insulin concentration. After additional adjustment for BMI, observed associations were attenuated and no longer statistically significant. The association of processed meat and fasting insulin did not reach statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons. Observed associations were not modified by genetic loci known to influence fasting glucose or insulin resistance. Conclusion: The association of higher fasting glucose and insulin concentrations with meat consumption was not modified by an index of glucose- and insulin-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
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| 2. |
- Schumann, Gunter, et al.
(författare)
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KLB is associated with alcohol drinking, and its gene product beta-Klotho is necessary for FGF21 regulation of alcohol preference
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 113:50, s. 14372-14377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excessive alcohol consumption is a major public health problem worldwide. Although drinking habits are known to be inherited, few genes have been identified that are robustly linked to alcohol drinking. We conducted a genome-wide association metaanalysis and replication study among >105,000 individuals of European ancestry and identified beta-Klotho (KLB) as a locus associated with alcohol consumption (rs11940694; P = 9.2 x 10(-12)). beta-Klotho is an obligate coreceptor for the hormone FGF21, which is secreted from the liver and implicated in macronutrient preference in humans. We show that brain-specific beta-Klotho KO mice have an increased alcohol preference and that FGF21 inhibits alcohol drinking by acting on the brain. These data suggest that a liver-brain endocrine axis may play an important role in the regulation of alcohol drinking behavior and provide a unique pharmacologic target for reducing alcohol consumption.
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| 3. |
- Bohman, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Heredity of nasal polyps.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Rhinology. - 0300-0729. ; 53:1, s. 25-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nasal polyps is a common disease but little is known about its` pathogenesis. Our hypothesis was that there are genetic factors involved in the development of this disease. The aim of this study was to examine close relatives of patients with nasal polyps and comparing them with a general population with regard to prevalence of polyps.
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| 4. |
- Bohman, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Heredity of nasal polyps
- 2015
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Ingår i: Rhinology. - 0300-0729 .- 1996-8604. ; 53:1, s. 25-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Nasal polyps is a common disease but little is known about its' pathogenesis. Our hypothesis was that there are genetic factors involved in the development of this disease. The aim of this study was to examine close relatives of patients with nasal polyps and comparing them with a general population with regard to prevalence of polyps. Methodology: Patients with nasal polyps who attended the clinic were recruited to the study and were asked whether they had any close adult relatives (siblings, parents or children). We intended to recruit two relatives per patient, one of each gender, for nasal endoscopy. The prevalence of nasal polyps in these relatives was compared with the prevalence of nasal polyps in a general population. Results: During a 4-year period, 368 patients and 410 relatives were recruited to the study. Although we were unable to recruit two close relatives for every patient, we were able to calculate nasal polyp prevalence within families as being 19.2%. Compared with the prevalence of nasal polyps among individuals in a general Swedish population from the same geographical area, the relative risk for polyps among relatives was almost five times higher. Conclusion: This study strongly indicates that heredity is a factor of importance for development of nasal polyps.
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| 5. |
- Bohman, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Relative frequencies of symptoms and risk factors among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps using a case-control study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 138:1, s. 46-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relative frequency of important symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), the link between CRSwNP and the lower airways and the importance of smoking in CRSwNP.Method: Three hundred and sixty-eight patients with CRSwNP and 1349 controls were recruited to the study and underwent a structured interview about symptoms from the upper and lower airways, and about smoking habits. Furthermore, all participants were clinically examined using nasal endoscopy.Results: Due to interactions between the outcome variables, a multiple logistic regression model was fitted to the data. Nasal secretions, nasal blockage and impaired sense of smell were symptoms associated with CRSwNP. Furthermore, male gender, increasing age and asthma were also associated with the disease. Current smoking was less frequent among patients with CRSwNP.Conclusion: By comparing symptoms and risk factors of patients with CRSwNP with those of a large population-based control group and testing them in a multiple logistic regression model, we have been able to generate data that address key research interests in CRSwNP.
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| 6. |
- Brändén, Gisela, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Coherent diffractive imaging of microtubules using an X-ray laser.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) create new possibilities for structural studies of biological objects that extend beyond what is possible with synchrotron radiation. Serial femtosecond crystallography has allowed high-resolution structures to be determined from micro-meter sized crystals, whereas single particle coherent X-ray imaging requires development to extend the resolution beyond a few tens of nanometers. Here we describe an intermediate approach: the XFEL imaging of biological assemblies with helical symmetry. We collected X-ray scattering images from samples of microtubules injected across an XFEL beam using a liquid microjet, sorted these images into class averages, merged these data into a diffraction pattern extending to 2nm resolution, and reconstructed these data into a projection image of the microtubule. Details such as the 4nm tubulin monomer became visible in this reconstruction. These results illustrate the potential of single-molecule X-ray imaging of biological assembles with helical symmetry at room temperature.
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| 7. |
- Creelman, Alastair, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Open courses as virtual mobility and the role of collaborative literacy in staff development
- 2016
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Ingår i: EDEN 2016 Annual Conference. Re-Imagining Learning Scenarios. - Budapest : European Distance and E-Learning Network, 2016. - 9786155511080
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Open Networked Learning (ONL) https://opennetworkedlearning.wordpress.com is an open online course that is offered both as an internal professional development course at the partner universities (Karolinska Institute, Lund University, Linnaeus University, KTH in Sweden and IIE Varsity College in South Africa) as well as being open to learners from all over the world. The course has been derived from an earlier model that has in turn led to several other online courses. The primary target group is university teachers, educational technologists and course designers but it also attracts educators from other educational sectors both public and private. Using an open collaborative learning environment learners investigate aspects of connected, collaborative learning with modules based around topics such as digital literacies, collaborative and flexible learning, teaching in open spaces and course design.
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| 8. |
- Deckner, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Sheet pile behavior during vibratory driving : numerical study based on a field test
- 2017
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Ingår i: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. - 0267-7261 .- 1879-341X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibrations due to sheet pile driving are a problem in many urban areas today. Increased knowledgeof the vibration transfer process from source to nearby objects is important in order to enableminimization of induced vibrations. The transfer of vibrations from sheet pile to soil is dependent onthe sheet pile behaviour during driving. This paper presents a 3D finite element study of thebehaviour of a vibratory driven sheet pile, complementing results from a full-scale field test. Thefinite element model accounts for strain dependent soil stiffness using an equivalent linear soilmodel. The conclusion is that the sheet pile bends considerably during driving with eccentricclamping. Furthermore, it is shown that the bending mode is similar irrespective of sheet pilepenetration depth.
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| 9. |
- Dewhurst, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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How task demands influence scanpath similarity in a sequential number-search task
- 2018
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Ingår i: Vision Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-5646 .- 0042-6989. ; , s. 9-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More and more researchers are considering the omnibus eye movement sequence—the scanpath—in their studies of visual and cognitive processing (e.g. Hayes, Petrov, & Sederberg, 2011; Madsen, Larson, Loschky, & Rebello, 2012; Ni et al., 2011; von der Malsburg & Vasishth, 2011). However, it remains unclear how recent methods for comparing scanpaths perform in experiments producing variable scanpaths, and whether these methods supplement more traditional analyses of individual oculomotor statistics. We address this problem for MultiMatch (Jarodzka et al., 2010; Dewhurst et al., 2012), evaluating its performance with a visual search-like task in which participants must fixate a series of target numbers in a prescribed order. This task should produce predictable sequences of fixations and thus provide a testing ground for scanpath measures. Task difficulty was manipulated by making the targets more or less visible through changes in font and the presence of distractors or visual noise. These changes in task demands led to slower search and more fixations. Importantly, they also resulted in a reduction in the between-subjects scanpath similarity, demonstrating that participants’ gaze patterns became more heterogenous in terms of saccade length and angle, and fixation position. This implies a divergent strategy or random component to eye-movement behaviour which increases as the task becomes more difficult. Interestingly, the duration of fixations along aligned vectors showed the opposite pattern, becoming more similar between observers in 2 of the 3 difficulty manipulations. This provides important information for vision scientists who may wish to use scanpath metrics to quantify variations in gaze across a spectrum of perceptual and cognitive tasks. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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| 10. |
- Dods, Robert, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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From Macrocrystals to Microcrystals: A Strategy for Membrane Protein Serial Crystallography.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Structure. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-4186 .- 0969-2126. ; 25:9, s. 1461-1468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serial protein crystallography was developed at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and is now also being applied at storage ring facilities. Robust strategies for the growth and optimization of microcrystals are needed to advance the field. Here we illustrate a generic strategy for recovering high-density homogeneous samples of microcrystals starting from conditions known to yield large (macro) crystals of the photosynthetic reaction center of Blastochloris viridis (RCvir). We first crushed these crystals prior to multiple rounds of microseeding. Each cycle of microseeding facilitated improvements in the RCvir serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) structure from 3.3-Å to 2.4-Å resolution. This approach may allow known crystallization conditions for other proteins to be adapted to exploit novel scientific opportunities created by serial crystallography.
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