| 1. |
- Blomqvist, Evalena, et al.
(författare)
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Samförbränning av bilfluff, rötslam och avfall i en 20 MW fluidbäddpanna - Studier av bränslesammansättningens påverkan på beläggningsbildning
- 2007
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to prevent a further increased use of resources and to decrease the environmental impact from landfills, organic wastes are today diverted towards material and energy recovery. This creates a waste market with an increasing number of waste fractions that needs to be treated properly. As an example, in Sweden it has recently been prohibited to landfill source separated combustible waste (2002) and organic waste (2005). Wastes as automotive shredder residue (ASR) and sewage sludge can no longer be landfilled and needs to be either material or energy recovered, which challenge the waste treatment sector. This work investigates the effects of ASR and sewage sludge co-combustion in a 20 MW Energy-from-Waste plant (bubbling fluidised bed). The long term objective of the work is to increase the fuel flexibility, the boiler availability and the power production. This report focus on boiler operation and combustion performance in terms of agglomeration, deposit rates and emissions. In addition to the tests with ASR and sewage sludge, repeated measurements were performed during normal load as a reference. The results show that the co-combusted fractions of ASR and sewage sludge, which on mass basis constituted 6 % and 15 % respectively, did not increase the risk for agglomeration or deposits on heat-exchanging surfaces. Instead, compared to the two reference cases, the deposit rates decreased when sewage sludge was added. Only minor variation in the emissions was seen between the different cases. The levels of I-TEQs were far below the legislated values in all cases.
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| 2. |
- Evander, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic trapping of cells in a microfluidic format
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of µTAS 2005 Conference. ; 1, s. 515-517
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents, for the first time, non-contact acoustic trapping of cells in a microfluidic format. The employed acoustic force maintains the cells in the center of a fluidic channel while allowing for perfusion of e.g. nutrients or drugs as well as optical monitoring of the cells. Neural stem cells have been acoustically trapped and tested for viability after 15 minutes of ultrasonic radiation. It is also shown that it is possible to grow yeast cells suspended in an acoustic standing wave while perfusing with cell media.
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| 3. |
- Evander, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic Trapping: System Design, Optimization and Applications
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the sixth Micro Structure Workshop. ; 1, s. 33-33
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manipulation, separation and trapping of particles and cells are very important tools in today's bioanalytical and medical field. The acoustic no-contact trapping method presented at earlier MSW 2004 provides a flexible platform for performing cell and particle assays in a perfusion-based microsystem. To further develop the system microfabricated glass channels are now used, resulting in shorter fabrication times and a very inert channel material. The fluidic design has been revised to minimise the risks of leaking and hydrodynamic focusing has been incorporated to ensure a high trapping efficiency. A change of piezoelectric materials has resulted in less thermal losses in the material, higher reproducibility and shorter manufacturing time. The trapping force was estimated by calculating the fluid force exerted on a single particle levitated in the standing wave as a reference. The temperature increase due to the losses in the transducer was measured using a fluorescent dye, indicating a maximum temperature increase of 10 degrees Celsius. Live cells have been trapped and shown to be viable while still suspended in the standing wave, thus making it possible to do on-line studies on, for example, drug response of cell populations.
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| 4. |
- Evander, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Noninvasive acoustic cell trapping in a microfluidic perfusion system for online bioassays
- 2007
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 79:7, s. 2984-2991
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Techniques for manipulating, separating, and trapping particles and cells are highly desired in today's bioanalytical and biomedical field. The microfluidic chip-based acoustic noncontact trapping method earlier developed within the group now provides a flexible platform for performing cell- and particle-based assays in continuous flow microsystems. An acoustic standing wave is generated in etched glass channels (600x61 microm2) by miniature ultrasonic transducers (550x550x200 microm3). Particles or cells passing the transducer will be retained and levitated in the center of the channel without any contact with the channel walls. The maximum trapping force was calculated to be 430+/-135 pN by measuring the drag force exerted on a single particle levitated in the standing wave. The temperature increase in the channel was characterized by fluorescence measurements using rhodamine B, and levels of moderate temperature increase were noted. Neural stem cells were acoustically trapped and shown to be viable after 15 min. Further evidence of the mild cell handling conditions was demonstrated as yeast cells were successfully cultured for 6 h in the acoustic trap while being perfused by the cell medium at a flowrate of 1 microL/min. The acoustic microchip method facilitates trapping of single cells as well as larger cell clusters. The noncontact mode of cell handling is especially important when studies on nonadherent cells are performed, e.g., stem cells, yeast cells, or blood cells, as mechanical stress and surface interaction are minimized. The demonstrated acoustic trapping of cells and particles enables cell- or particle-based bioassays to be performed in a continuous flow format.
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| 5. |
- Evander, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Versatile microchip utilising ultrasonic standing waves
- 2005
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Ingår i: IFMBE Proceedings 2005. ; , s. 123-124
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the concept and initial work on a microfluidic platform for bead-based analysis of biological sample. The core technology in this project is ultrasonic manipulation and trapping of particle in array configurations by means of acoustic forces. The platform is ultimately aimed for parallel multistep bioassays performed on biochemically activated microbeads (or particles) using submicrolitre sample volumes. A first prototype with three individually controlled particle trapping sites has been developed and evaluated. Standing ultrasonic waves were generated across a microfluidic channel by integrated PZT ultrasonic microtransducers. Particles in a fluid passing a transducer were drawn to pressure minima in the acoustic field, thereby being trapped and confined laterally over the transducer. It is anticipated that acoustic trapping using integrated transducers can be exploited in miniaturised total chemical analysis systems (µTAS), where e.g. microbeads with immobilised antibodies can be trapped in arrays and subjected to minute amounts of sample followed by a reaction, detected using fluorescence. Preliminary results indicate that the platform is capable of handling live cells as well as microbeads. A first model bioassay with detection of fluorescein marked avidin binding to trapped biotin beads has been evaluated.
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| 6. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Linda, 1977-
(författare)
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Acoustic Manipulation of Particles and Fluids in Microfluidic Systems
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The downscaling and integration of biomedical analyses onto a single chip offers several advantages in speed, cost, parallelism and de-centralization. Acoustic radiation forces are attractive to use in these applications since they are strong, long-range and gentle. Lab-on-a-chip operations such as cell trapping, particle fluorescence activated cell sorting, fluid mixing and particle sorting performed by acoustic radiation forces are exploited in this thesis. Two different platforms are designed, manufactured and evaluated.
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| 10. |
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