| 1. |
- Bixby, H., et al.
(författare)
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Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 569:7755, s. 260-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.
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| 2. |
- Evangelou, Evangelos, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic analysis of over 1 million people identifies 535 new loci associated with blood pressure traits.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 50:10, s. 1412-1425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High blood pressure is a highly heritable and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We report the largest genetic association study of blood pressure traits (systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure) to date in over 1 million people of European ancestry. We identify 535 novel blood pressure loci that not only offer new biological insights into blood pressure regulation but also highlight shared genetic architecture between blood pressure and lifestyle exposures. Our findings identify new biological pathways for blood pressure regulation with potential for improved cardiovascular disease prevention in the future.
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| 3. |
- Gottsäter, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Crack widths in base restrained walls subjected to restraint loading
- 2019
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Ingår i: Engineering Structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7323 .- 0141-0296. ; 189, s. 272-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cracks in concrete structures can have a negative impact on durability and aesthetic appearance. It is therefore important to estimate crack widths before construction, and to use suitable reinforcement amounts to limit crack widths. Crack widths are however hard to predict in restrained structures, as cracking reduces the stiffness, which in turn reduces the restraint and thereby the amount of cracking. In this paper, nonlinear finite element analyses of cracking are performed on base restrained walls mainly subjected to shrinkage. A non-linear material model for concrete and a bond-slip relation for concrete – reinforcement interaction are used. The model does not include the hardening process of concrete but instead applies the load effects on mature concrete, and is validated by comparisons with test results from full scale tests performed in previous research. Additionally, a sensitivity study is made to investigate the influence of certain parameters on crack widths and crack patterns. The intention is to use the model in the development of a model to be used in design of concrete structures which takes restraint effects into account in an improved, yet a simplified way. The results show that the model gives realistic crack patterns, but that it tends to overestimate crack widths and the number of cracks obtained. Therefore, the model is considered to be acceptable.
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| 4. |
- Grassl, Peter, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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On the Numerical Modelling of Bond for the Failure Analysis of Reinforced Concrete
- 2018
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Ingår i: Engineering Fracture Mechanics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-7944. ; 189, s. 13-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structural performance of reinforced concrete relies heavily on the bond between rein- forcement and concrete. In nonlinear finite element analyses, bond is either modelled by merged, also called perfect bond, or coincident with slip, also called bond-slip, approaches. Here, the performance of these two approaches for the modelling of failure of reinforced concrete was investigated using a damage-plasticity constitutive model in LS-DYNA. Firstly, the influence of element size on the response of tension-stiffening analyses with the two modelling approaches was investigated. Then, the results of the two approaches were compared for plain and fibre reinforced tension stiffening and a drop weight impact test. It was shown that only the coincident with slip approach provided mesh insensitive results. However, both approaches were capable of reproducing the overall response of the experiments in the form of load and displacements satisfactorily for the meshes used.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Morgan, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Design of impulse loaded concrete structures: a comparison of FKR 2011 with various design regulations
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish Fortifications Agency has a long history in the design and maintenance of military fortifications and recently published a revised version of their design regulations; FKR 2011. These regulations can be said to represent the traditional Swedish view of the design of impulse loaded concrete structures and differs from the regulations normally used (i.e. Eurocode) for static design in Sweden today. Further, even though many parts of the content of FKR 2011 are similar to that of corresponding regulations in other countries it is not identical. The purpose of this project was to assess different regulations for the design of reinforced concrete structures subjected to impulse loading. The focus was on FKR 2011 and its applicability for some common design criteria. One aim was to compare FKR 2011 with other similar regulations in order to identify similarities and differences to these; and if necessary, recommend possible improvements. Another aim was to provide an improved basis in order to give general recommendations of further investigations that is deemed necessary. The main subjects compared were how the different regulations treated material strength, bending moment, shear and spalling/breaching. The comparisons were made based on the concept/expressions used in the respective regulations, and using several case studies of a simply supported slab strip of different geometry, concrete strength and reinforcement amount. Based on this it was concluded that the concept used for bending stiffness and moment capacity was similar in all the recommendations compared. Further, the method used in FKR for plastic deformation capacity is based on an older, today non-existing, reinforcement type and there is a need of further comparisons of the method used. The concept used in FKR for shear differs much compared with the regulations compared and it is suggested that further development of it should be made. Finally, the concept used for spalling and breaching is deemed to be okay to use.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Morgan, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Key aspects of digital image correlation in impact tests of reinforced concrete beams
- 2019
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Ingår i: IABSE Symposium, Guimaraes 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management - Report. ; , s. 961-968
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies 2-D high speed photography combined with digital image correlation (DIC) applied to experimental research of reinforced concrete beams at moderate loading rates. The aim of the present research is to understand the influence of 2-D DIC set-up parameters in the results. Drop-weight tests have been completed in 1180 × 100 × 100 mm longitudinally reinforced concrete beams. The study has confirmed results sensitivity to image subdivision and mesh properties. While smaller subdivision sizes allow to obtain results nearby boundaries, being more suitable to study local effects, larger sizes enhance computational cost, increase mesh stability and accuracy. A discussion of key aspects of 2-D DIC for measuring different parameters (such as acceleration, displacements, strains and strain-rate) is presented along this paper.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Morgan, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Stötbelastade betongbalkar
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bygg & teknik. ; :7, s. 60-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Shu, Jiangpeng, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical prediction of punching behavior of RC slabs using 3D non-linear FE analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Maintenance, Monitoring, Safety, Risk and Resilience of Bridges and Bridge Networks - Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management, IABMAS 2016. - 9781138028517 - 9781498777032 ; , s. 1607-1611
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was conducted by carrying out nonlinear FE analysis of RC slabs subjected to punching failure, using three-dimensional (3D) continuum elements. The influence of several modelling choices for concrete material were investigated by comparing results such as load-carrying capacity, load-deflection response and crack pattern from the FE analyses with available experimental data. The analyses of the tested slabs show possibility to accurately predict the load-carrying capacity and realistically simulate the behavior of slabs using the proposed method.
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| 10. |
- Shu, Jiangpeng, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of punching behaviour of RC slabs using continuum non-linear FE analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Engineering structures. - : Elsevier. - 0141-0296 .- 1873-7323. ; 125, s. 15-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Failure of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs without shear reinforcement in punching has been a challenging problem for nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis. To improve the analysis approach, this study was conducted by developing a nonlinear FE analysis method for slabs subjected to punching failure without shear reinforcement, using three-dimensional continuum elements. The influence of several modelling choices were investigated by comparing such results as loadcarrying capacity, load-deflection response and crack pattern from the FE analyses with available experimental data. The proposed method shows the possibility of accurately predicting the load-carrying capacity and realistically describing the behaviour of slabs.
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