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- Johansson, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Take the knowledge path to support knowledge management in product/service systems
- 2010
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Ingår i: Industrial product-service systems (IPS²). - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789173933810
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product/Service-Systems (PSS) strategies are a part of an overall movement towards a service-based society that is increasingly knowledge and information based. Knowledge sharing for cross-company innovation and development projects has been recognized as troublesome, since disparate knowledge domains must be brought together in a cohesive way to support both creativity and innovations. Stage-Gate process models are widely used in collaborative development projects but they do not suggest how to assess the degree of understanding of the produced information and the results in projects. A successful assessment of knowledge should be used for designing the next development steps in form of work methods and tools. This paper describes an approach for supporting Knowledge Management and Knowledge Sharing in the development of PSS. Finally, a concept for supporting knowledge assessment is proposed, based on designing and visualizing knowledge paths.
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| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of myocardial ischaemia using surface microdialysis on the beating heart
- 2011
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 31:3, s. 175-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microdialysis (MD) can be used to study metabolism of the beating heart. We investigated whether microdialysis results obtained from epicardial (surface) sampling reflect acute changes in the same way as myocardial sampling from within the substance of the ventricular wall. In anaesthetized open-thorax pigs a coronary snare was placed. One microdialysis probe was placed with the sampling membrane intramyocardially (myocardial), and a second probe was placed with the sampling membrane epicardially (surface), both in the area which was made ischaemic. Ten minutes collection intervals were used for microdialysis samples. Samples from 19 pigs were analysed for lactate, glucose, pyruvate and glycerol during equilibration, baseline, ischaemia and reperfusion periods. For both probes (surface and myocardial), a total of 475 paired simultaneous samples were analysed. Results from analyses showed no differences in relative changes for glucose, lactate and glycerol during baseline, ischaemia and reperfusion. Surface microdialysis sampling is a new application of the microdialysis technique that shows promise and should be further studied.
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| 3. |
- Abrahamsson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Surface microdialysis sampling : a new approach described in a liver ischaemia model
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 32:2, s. 99-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We recently have shown that samples from microdialysis (MD) probes placed on the surface of the heart reflect metabolic events in the myocardium. This new interesting observation challenges us to consider whether surface application of MD applies to other parenchymatous organs and their surfaces. In 13 anesthetized pigs, transient liver ischaemia was achieved by occlusion of arterial and venous inflow to the liver. Two probes on liver surface and two in parenchyma were perfused with a flow rate of 1 mu l per min (n = 13). An identical set-up was used for probes with a flow rate of 2 mu l per min (n = 9). Samples were collected for every 15-min period during 60 min of baseline, 45 min of ischaemia and 60 min of reperfusion. Lactate, glucose, pyruvate and glycerol were analysed in MD samples. We focused on relative changes in the present study. There was a strong agreement in relative lactate and glucose levels between probes placed on liver surface and those on parenchyma. No significant differences in relative changes in lactate and glucose levels were seen between samples from surface probes and probes in liver parenchyma during equilibration, baseline, ischaemia or reperfusion with a flow rate of 1 mu l per min. MD sampling applied on the liver surface is a new application area for the MD technique and may be used to monitor liver metabolism during both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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| 4. |
- Barbu, Andreea, et al.
(författare)
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Blood flow in endogenous and transplanted pancreatic islets in anesthetized rats : Effects of lactate and pyruvate
- 2012
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Ingår i: Pancreas. - 0885-3177 .- 1536-4828. ; 41:8, s. 1263-1271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of exogenously administered lactate and pyruvate on blood perfusion in endogenous and transplanted islets. METHODS: Anesthetized Wistar-Furth rats were given lactate or pyruvate intravenously, and regional blood perfusion was studied 3 or 30 minutes later with a microsphere technique. Separate rats received a 30-minute infusion of pyruvate or lactate into the portal vein before blood flow measurements. We also administered these substances to islet-implanted rats 4 weeks after transplantation and measured graft blood flow with laser Doppler flowmetry. The expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 and lactate dehydrogenase A was analyzed. RESULTS: The expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 and lactate dehydrogenase A was markedly up-regulated in transplanted as compared with endogenous islets. Administration of pyruvate, but not lactate, increased mesenteric blood flow after 3 minutes. Pyruvate decreased mesenteric blood flow after 30 minutes, whereas lactate decreased only islet blood flow. These responses were absent in transplanted animals. A continuous intraportal infusion of lactate or pyruvate increased selectively islet blood flow but did not affect blood perfusion of transplanted islets. CONCLUSIONS: Lactate and pyruvate affect islet blood flow through effects mediated by interactions between the liver and the nervous system. Such a response can help adjust the release of islet hormones during excess substrate concentrations.
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| 7. |
- Bertoni, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Value-oriented concept selection in aero-engine sub-systems design : the EVOKE approach
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Value Driven Design methodologies extend the Requirements Management and Systems Engineering processes to reduce time and costs needed to identify the right solution direction to be pursued in detailed design. Emerging from the findings of an EU FP7 research project, the paper describes an approach, named EVOKE, that uses value as a basis for preliminary concept selection in the design of system components. EVOKE takes as input a list of value dimensions and drivers communicated by the system integrators, together with information about the high-level engineering characteristics of a candidate design, to enable early stage value analysis to be executed the by sub-system manufacturers. The approach and its technological enablers are described in detail through the use of a case study related to the design of new intermediate compressor case for turbofan engines.
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| 8. |
- Bertoni, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Value-oriented concept selection in aero-engine sub-systems design : the EVOKE approach
- 2013
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Ingår i: 23rd Annual International Symposium of the International Council on Systems Engineering, INCOSE 2013. ; , s. 977-991
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design of complex systems requires detailed analysis to be moved earlier in the design process. Value Driven Design methodologies extend the Requirements Management and Systems Engineering processes to reduce time and costs needed to identify the right solution direction to be pursued in detailed design. Emerging from the findings of an EU FP7 research project, the paper describes an approach for preliminary concept selection, named EVOKE, that uses value as a basis for decision. EVOKE enables quick value analysis to be executed by component manufacturers by taking as input a set of value dimensions and drivers communicated by the system integrators, together with information about the high-level engineering characteristics of the sub-systems under consideration. The approach and its technological enablers are described in detail through the use of a case study related to the design of new intermediate compressor case for turbofan engines.
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| 9. |
- Blind, Per-Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Microdialysis in early detection of temporary pancreatic ischemia in a porcine model
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 49:3-4, s. 113-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ischemic injury to the pancreas occurs in various clinical conditions. A method for online monitoring of pathophysiological events in pancreatic parenchyma is missing. Aims: To assess the timing of microdialysis (MD) technique response on temporary changes in pancreatic perfusion, and to evaluate the relationship between MD data and systemic markers of anaerobic metabolism and inflammation. Methods: In anaesthetized normoventilated pigs, MD probes were placed in right (control) and left (ischemic) pancreatic lobes, respectively. Following the clamping of the vessels, ischemia was verified by tissue oxygen tension (PtiO2) measurements. Results: PtiO2 decreased within 20 min after the clamping of the vessels, already returning to baseline levels at the first sampling point after the removal of the clamp. MD lactate levels increased, whereas pyruvate and glucose levels decreased at 20 min after the induction of ischemia. These trends continued until the end of ischemia and returned to baseline following reperfusion. Serum lactate, amylase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels decreased throughout the protocol time. Conclusion: MD data were in concordance with changes in PtiO2, which is indicative of local anaerobic metabolism. MD allowed the detection of pathophysiological processes within the ischemic pancreas at a stage when no elevations of systemic markers of ischemia or inflammation were observed.
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| 10. |
- Bratt, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Prostate cancer diagnosed after prostate-specific antigen testing of men without clinical signs of the disease : a population-based study from the National Prostate Cancer Register of Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 44:6, s. 384-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To investigate the effects of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing of men without clinical signs of prostate cancer on the incidence of prostate cancer in Sweden. Material and methods. Information on the cause of diagnosis, tumour characteristics and primary treatment for patients diagnosed with prostate cancer between January 1999 and December 2007 was extracted from the National Prostate Cancer Register of Sweden. This register includes data for 95% of Swedish prostate cancer cases. Results. The total age-standardized annual incidence of prostate cancer per 100 000 men increased from 187 in 1999 to 233 in 2004, but decreased thereafter to 196 in 2007. The incidence of asymptomatic cases also peaked in 2004 (at 62 per 100 000 men), but varied six-fold between different counties in that year (16–98 per 100 000 men). Asymptomatic cases (n = 17 143) constituted 15% of all new cases in 2000 and 30% in 2007. Almost as many cases were diagnosed in stage T1c in men with symptoms, usually from the lower urinary tract. Together these two groups constituted 29% of all new cases in 2000 and 52% in 2007. It was estimated that at least one-third of all Swedish men aged 50–75 years had a PSA test between 2000 and 2007. Conclusions. Even though screening for prostate cancer is not recommended in Sweden, PSA testing of men without clinical signs of prostate cancer is common. The effects on the Swedish incidence of prostate cancer were similar to those reported from the USA.
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