| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 2. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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| 3. |
- Alehagen, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Less fibrosis in elderly subjects supplemented with selenium and coenzyme Q10-A mechanism behind reduced cardiovascular mortality?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Biofactors. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0951-6433 .- 1872-8081. ; 44:2, s. 137-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In an intervention study where 221 healthy elderly persons received selenium and coenzyme Q10 as a dietary supplement, and 222 received placebo for 4 years we observed improved cardiac function and reduced cardiovascular mortality. As fibrosis is central in the aging process, we investigated the effect of the intervention on biomarkers of fibrogenic activity in a subanalysis of this intervention study.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the present subanalysis 122 actively treated individuals and 101 controls, the effect of the treatment on eight biomarkers of fibrogenic activity were assessed. These biomarkers were: Cathepsin S, Endostatin, Galectin 3, Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15), Matrix Metalloproteinases 1 and 9, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP 1) and Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 (ST-2). Blood concentrations of these biomarkers after 6 and 42 months were analyzed by the use of T-tests, repeated measures of variance, and factor analyses.RESULTS: Compared with placebo, in those receiving supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10, all biomarkers except ST2 showed significant decreased concentrations in blood. The changes in concentrations, that is, effects sizes as given by partial eta2 caused by the intervention were considered small to medium.CONCLUSION: The significantly decreased biomarker concentrations in those on active treatment with selenium and coenzyme Q10 compared with those on placebo after 36 months of intervention presumably reflect less fibrogenic activity as a result of the intervention. These observations might indicate that reduced fibrosis precedes the reported improvement in cardiac function, thereby explaining some of the positive clinical effects caused by the intervention. © 2017 BioFactors, 2017.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Blomqvist, Lars, 1962-
(författare)
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Laminated Veneer Products : Shape Stability and Effect of Enhanced Formability on Bond-Line Strength
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis concerns two aspects of the manufacture of laminated veneer products (LVPs). The first aspect is related to the possible improvement of the shape stability of LVPs, and the second has its starting point in the modification of the veneer for enhanced formability as well as the question of whether and how these modifications affect the bond-line strength.LVPs are veneers bonded with adhesive into predetermined shapes, mostly for the production of furniture and interior fittings. Since any deviation from the intended shape is a problem for both manufacturer and customer, various studies have sought to evaluate the influence of different materials and process parameters on shape stability. Parameters studied have included wood species (beech and birch), an adhesive system based on urea formaldehyde, the adhesive distribution on the veneer, climate, moisture content and fibre orientations of the veneers, as well as the orientation of the individual veneers in a multiply.Manufacturers of LVPs must consider some basic facts about wood in orders adequately to provide shape-stable LVPs to customers. Wood emits and absorbs moisture in relation to the surrounding climate, and this can lead to shrinkage and swelling. Such moisture induced movements differ in the wood’s different directions, and the magnitude is specific for the species. A thorough understanding of this is the basis for achieving shape-stable LVPs.Symmetry is defined in this thesis such that the veneer properties are balanced in the laminate. This means that opposite veneers on either side of the centre veneer have similar characteristic. An LVP will become distorted if the veneers are asymmetrically oriented before the press. Deviation from the desired shape can be small immediately after the pressing, but it may increase significantly with moisture content (MC) variations. Asymmetry may result when veneers with different fibre orientations are included in the laminate or when the veneers are placed asymmetrically. It may also occur if veneers with different MCs are bonded together asymmetrically. One aggravating factor is that the lathe checks that are introduced when the veneers are peeled or sliced from the log affect the shape stability. In 3-ply crosswise-oriented plywood, the veneer surfaces on which the lathe checks occur should be oriented in the same way for high shape stability.Based on existing knowledge, the production of shape-stable LVPs requires that the veneers are conditioned to a uniform MC and sorted with regard to fibre orientation and the side with lathe checks before bonding. End-user climates should govern the MC of the veneers and the moisture added with the adhesive during the process. Straight-grain veneers and symmetry should always be the goal.Moulding can cause stretching, i.e. strain, of the veneers depending on the curvature of the mould. To prevent the veneers from rupture, there are various ways to strengthen the veneers particularly in the transverse direction in which the veneer is weakest. However, tests have shown that these pre-treatments of veneers for enhanced formability can prevent the adhesive from penetrating the wood surface. It is therefore important to confirm that the pre-treatment does not affect the bond-line strength.
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| 6. |
- Broström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Sex-Specific Associations Between Self-reported Sleep Duration, Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension, and Mortality in an Elderly Population
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0889-4655 .- 1550-5049. ; 33:5, s. 422-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Both short and long sleep durations have been associated to increased mortality. Knowledge about sex-specific differences among elderly regarding associations between sleep duration, cardiovascular health, and mortality is sparse.OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study are to examine the association between self-reported sleep duration and mortality and to investigate whether this association is sex specific and/or moderated by cardiovascular morbidity, and also to explore potential mediators of sleep duration effects on mortality.METHODS: A population-based, observational, cross-sectional design with 6-year follow-up with mortality as primary outcome was conducted. Self-rated sleep duration, clinical examinations, echocardiography, and blood samples (N-terminal fragment of proBNP) were collected. A total of 675 persons (50% women; mean age, 78 years) were divided into short sleepers (≤6 hours; n = 231), normal sleepers (7-8 hours; n = 338), and long sleepers (≥9 hours; n = 61). Data were subjected to principal component analyses. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension factors were extracted and used as moderators and as mediators in the regression analyses.RESULTS: During follow-up, 55 short sleepers (24%), 68 normal sleepers (20%), and 21 long sleepers (34%) died. Mediator analyses showed that long sleep was associated with mortality in men (hazard ratio [HR], 1.8; P = .049), independently of CVD and hypertension. In men with short sleep, CVD acted as a moderator of the association with mortality (HR, 4.1; P = .025). However, when using N-terminal fragment of proBNP, this effect became nonsignificant (HR, 3.1; P = .06). In woman, a trend to moderation involving the hypertension factor and short sleep was found (HR, 4.6; P = .09).CONCLUSION: Short and long sleep duration may be seen as risk markers, particularly among older men with cardiovascular morbidity.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Campopiano, Christina, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Multimodala resurser för lärande
- 2017
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Ingår i: Skolverkets modul ”Från vardagsspråk till ämnesspråk, del 8” i Läs & skrivportalen.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att öppna upp för att lära sig på flera vis, multimodalt, är angeläget i alla skolämnen då elever möter skolans verksamheter utifrån olika sociala och kulturella erfarenheter. En mängd språkliga och symboliska intryck passerar i barns och ungas vardag och dessa ska förenas med skolans språkbruk. I de mer skapande, kroppsliga och laborativa inslagen i undervisningen inom bild, hem- och konsumentkunskap, idrott och hälsa, musik och slöjd, men även i till exempel matematik, NO och teknik, har multimodala resurser för lärande till stora delar varit ouppmärksammade i elevers görande. Att konkretisera tekniska lösningar, förklara biologiska samband, tillaga en måltid, framställa ett slöjdföremål, gestalta musik, rörelse eller bild, inrymmer läsförmågor både i multimodala intryck och i egna uttryck, det vill säga att kunna tolka information exempelvis i instruktioner, symboler och bilder och överföra tankar i handlingar och gestaltningar. Över tid har vissa skolämnen förknippats med traditionell läsning och skrivning medan andra kan ha uppfattats som mer ”praktiska”, där eleverna inte har samma behov av läsförmåga. Det multimodala språkbrukets potential i och genom de skapande och laborativa ämnesområdena behöver därför lyftas, dels för att öppna upp för elevers olika sätt att lära, dels för att skapa mening och variation i lärsituationer.
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| 9. |
- Campopiano, Christina, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Multimodala resurser för lärande i och genom slöjd
- 2017
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Ingår i: Forskningskonferens i Umeå om estetiska ämnen, 31 okt – 2 nov, 2017.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att läsa på flera vis, multimodalt, är angeläget i alla skolämnen då elever möter skolans verksamheter utifrån olika sociala och kulturella erfarenheter. Flera språkliga och symboliska intryck passerar i barns och ungas vardag och ska förenas med skolans språkbruk. I de mer skapande ämnen som slöjd, har multimodala resurser för lärande till stora delar varit ”tysta” i elevers slöjdande. Att framställa ett slöjdföremål inrymmer läsförmågor både i multimodala intryck och i egna uttryck. Att kunna tolka information exempelvis i instruktioner, symboler och bilder och överföra dessa tankar i handlingar och gestaltningar är en central del i slöjdundervisningen. Vi har i en artikel inom Skolverkets ”Läslyftet” beskrivit bland annat ett exempel utifrån observationer i slöjdämnet om hur elever använder sig av flera olika multimodala resurser för att lära sig under en slöjdlektion. Exemplet är hämtat från arbetsområdet ”necessär”, där läsningen börjar i ett färdigt föremål. Att ”läsa av” olika slags intryck, överföra tankar i handling och sedan tillverka, inrymmer flera multimodala sätt att läsa. Intryck från föremål, redskap, skrivna texter och skisser läses och medieras till tankar som utförs i handling och uttrycks i ett föremål; ett föremål som i sin tur kan läsas. Lärandet sker med olika modaliteter, en del generella och en del specifikt i olika ämnen. Tillsammans bidrar detta till utveckling av elevers språk i vid mening att läsa och skriva, att se och känna, att uttrycka sig muntligt och visuellt, genom ord och slöjdföremål. I presentationen vill vi lyfta det multimodala språkbrukets potential i och genom slöjd för att inte stanna i tyst kunnande.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Emily White, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of diagnostic testing on medicines used by febrile children less than five years in 12 malaria-endemic African countries: a mixed-methods study.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Malaria journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2875. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2010, WHO revised guidelines to recommend testing all suspected malaria cases prior to treatment. Yet, evidence to assess programmes is largely derived from limited facility settings in a limited number of countries. National surveys from 12 sub-Saharan African countries were used to examine the effect of diagnostic testing on medicines used by febrile children under five years at the population level, including stratification by malaria risk, transmission season, source of care, symptoms, and age.
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