| 1. |
- Alsén, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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Antigen-Presenting B Cells Program the Efferent Lymph T Helper Cell Response
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- B cells interact with T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in germinal centers (GCs) to generate high-affinity antibodies. Much less is known about how cognate T-B-cell interactions influence Th cells that enter circulation and peripheral tissues. Therefore, we generated mice lacking MHC-II expressing B cells and, by thoracic duct cannulation, analyzed Th cells in the efferent lymph at defined intervals post-immunization. Focusing on gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), we show that antigen-specific alpha(4)beta(+)(7) gut-homing effector Th cells enter the circulation prior to CXCR5(+)PD-1(+) Tfh-like cells. B cells appear to have no or limited impact on the early generation and egress of gut-homing Th cells but are critical for the subsequent appearance of Tfh-like cells that peak in the lymph before GCs have developed. At this stage, antigen-presenting B cells also reduce the proportion of alpha(4)beta(+)(7) Th cells in the MLN and efferent lymph. Furthermore, cognate B-cell interaction drives a broad transcriptional program in Th cells, including IL-4 that is confined to the Tfh cell lineage. The IL-4-producing Tfh-like cells originate from Bcl6(+) precursors in the LNs and have gut-homing capacity. Hence, B cells program the efferent lymph Th cell response within a limited window of time after antigenic challenge.
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| 3. |
- Kristjansdottir, Hallgerdur Lind, et al.
(författare)
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High Plasma Erythropoietin Predicts Incident Fractures in Elderly Men with Normal Renal Function : The MrOS Sweden Cohort
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : WILEY. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 35:2, s. 298-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preclinical studies on the role of erythropoietin (EPO) in bone metabolism are contradictory. Regeneration models indicate an anabolic effect on bone healing, whereas models on physiologic bone remodeling indicate a catabolic effect on bone mass. No human studies on EPO and fracture risk are available. It is known that fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) affects bone mineralization and that serum concentration of FGF23 is higher in men with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Recently, a direct association between EPO and FGF23 has been shown. We have explored the potential association between EPO and bone mineral density (BMD), fracture risk, and FGF23 in humans. Plasma levels of EPO were analyzed in 999 men (aged 69 to 81 years), participating in the Gothenburg part of the population-based Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study, MrOS Sweden. The mean +/- SD EPO was 11.5 +/- 9.0 IU/L. Results were stratified by eGFR 60 mL/min. For men with eGFR >= 60 mL/min (n = 728), EPO was associated with age (r = 0.13, p < 0.001), total hip BMD (r = 0.14, p < 0.001), intact (i)FGF23 (r = 0.11, p = 0.004), and osteocalcin (r = -0.09, p = 0.022). The association between total hip BMD and EPO was independent of age, body mass index (BMI), iFGF23, and hemoglobin (beta = 0.019, p < 0.001). During the 10-year follow-up, 164 men had an X-ray-verified fracture, including 117 major osteoporotic fractures (MOF), 39 hip fractures, and 64 vertebral fractures. High EPO was associated with higher risk for incident fractures (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.43 per tertile EPO, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-1.63), MOF (HR = 1.40 per tertile EPO, 95% CI 1.08-1.82), and vertebral fractures (HR = 1.42 per tertile EPO, 95% CI 1.00-2.01) in a fully adjusted Cox regression model. In men with eGFR<60 mL/min, no association was found between EPO and BMD or fracture risk. We here demonstrate that high levels of EPO are associated with increased fracture risk and increased BMD in elderly men with normal renal function.
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| 4. |
- Löfström, Helena
(författare)
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Trustworthy explanations : Improved decision support through well-calibrated uncertainty quantification
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed fields like disease diagnosis and defence. Utilising sophisticated Machine Learning (ML) models, AI predicts future events based on historical data, introducing complexity that challenges understanding and decision-making. Previous research emphasizes users’ difficulty discerning when to trust predictions due to model complexity, underscoring addressing model complexity and providing transparent explanations as pivotal for facilitating high-quality decisions.Many ML models offer probability estimates for predictions, commonly used in methods providing explanations to guide users on prediction confidence. However, these probabilities often do not accurately reflect the actual distribution in the data, leading to potential user misinterpretation of prediction trustworthiness. Additionally, most explanation methods fail to convey whether the model’s probability is linked to any uncertainty, further diminishing the reliability of the explanations.Evaluating the quality of explanations for decision support is challenging, and although highlighted as essential in research, there are no benchmark criteria for comparative evaluations.This thesis introduces an innovative explanation method that generates reliable explanations, incorporating uncertainty information supporting users in determining when to trust the model’s predictions. The thesis also outlines strategies for evaluating explanation quality and facilitating comparative evaluations. Through empirical evaluations and user studies, the thesis provides practical insights to support decision-making utilising complex ML models.
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| 5. |
- Sandberg, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Low bone mineral density in adults with complex congenital heart disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 319, s. 62-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The majority of children with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) survive into adulthood due to advances in medical care. Adult patients with CHD have an increased incidence of diagnoses related to ageing such as heart failure, dementia, cancer and sarcopenia, despite a relatively low age. They also have a shorter life expectancy. It is unknown if their bone structures also show signs of premature ageing. We therefore investigated Bone Mineral Content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in an adult population with complex CHD.Methods: The total body BMC and BMD was examined using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 73 adults with complex CHD (mean age 35.8 ± 14.3, women n = 22) and 73 age and sex matched controls.Results: The adults with complex CHD had lower total body BMC (2.6 ± 0.5 kg vs. 2.9 ± 0.5 kg, p < 0.001) and BMD (1.18 ± 0.12 g/cm2 vs. 1.26 ± 0.11 g/cm2, p < 0.001) compared to controls. BMD was lower for patients with single ventricle physiology and for the other complex diagnoses, and it persisted after correction for most common risk factors for osteoporosis.Conclusion: Adults with complex CHD have reduced total body BMC and BMD compared to healthy controls. These results are a sign of frailty that conforms with other previously reported signs of premature ageing. The risk of osteoporosis is low in our relatively young population, but it is assumed to increase with ageing. We recommend that clinicians pay close attention to risk factors for osteoporosis, and are generous in administering DXA-measurements in order to prevent future fractures among adults with complex CHD.
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| 8. |
- Abugabbara, Marwan, et al.
(författare)
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How to develop fifth-generation district heating and cooling in Sweden? : Application review and best practices proposed by middle agents
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energy Reports. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2352-4847. ; 9, s. 4971-4983
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has an ambitious plan to fully decarbonise district heating by 2030 and to contribute with negative emissions of greenhouse gases in 2050. The vagaries of the energy market associated with climate, political, and social changes entail cross-sectoral integration that can fulfill these national targets. Fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) is a relatively new concept of district energy systems that features a simultaneous supply of heating and cooling using power-to-heat technologies. This paper presents best practices for developing 5GDHC systems in Sweden to reach a consensus view on these systems among all stakeholders. A mixed-method combining best practice and roadmapping workshops has been used to disseminate mixed knowledge and experience from middle agents representing industry professionals and practitioners. Four successful implementations of 5GDHC systems are demonstrated and the important learned lessons are shared. The best practices are outlined for system planning, system modeling and simulation, prevailing business models for energy communities, and system monitoring. A roadmap from the middle agents’ point of view is composed and can be utilised to establish industry standards and common regulatory frameworks. © 2023 The Author(s)
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| 9. |
- Adler, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Variation of growth and phenology traits in poplars planted in clonal trials in Northern Europe-implications for breeding
- 2021
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Ingår i: BioEnergy Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1939-1234 .- 1939-1242. ; 14, s. 426-444
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increased demand for wood to replace oil-based products with renewable products has lifted focus to the Baltic Sea region where the environment is favorable for woody biomass growth. The aim of this study was to estimate broad-sense heritabilities and genotype-by-environment (GxE) interactions in growth and phenology traits in six climatically different regions in Sweden and the Baltics. We tested the hypothesis that both bud burst and bud set have a significant effect on the early growth of selected poplar clones in Northern Europe. Provenance hybrids of Populus trichocarpa adapted to the Northern European climate were compared to reference clones with adaptation to the Central European climate. The volume index of stemwood was under low to medium genetic control with heritabilities from 0.22 to 0.75. Heritabilities for phenology traits varied between 0.31 and 0.91. Locally chosen elite clones were identified. GxE interactions were analyzed using pairwise comparisons of the trials. Three different breeding zones for poplars between the latitudes of 55 degrees N and 60 degrees N in the Baltic Sea Region were outlined. The studied provenance hybrids with origin from North America offer a great possibility to broaden the area with commercial poplar plantations in Northern Europe and further improve the collection of commercial clones to match local climates. We conclude that phenology is an important selection criterion after growth.
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| 10. |
- Agarwal, Girish Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Value Changes during Service Delivery
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most industries are shifting from product-orientedbusiness models towards services to step up the value chain andengage in long-term relationships with their customersthroughout the service lifecycle. Digital technologies arecontributing to servitization in many ways by creating andenabling capabilities like connectivity, IoT, data generation andassessment, etc., for new value generation, distribution, andcapture. Because value is subjective, dynamic, and changes duringthe service lifecycle, service providers need to examine closely thevalue perceptions of customers to constantly provide better valueand remain relevant with the competition. Through a consumersurvey and a longitudinal study of thirteen customers, this paperuses qualitative and quantitative assessment to identify the valuedimensions that play a major role for customers being onboardedon a digital enabled service, and also highlights how customervalue dimensions change over the course of the service lifecycle.One important finding is that change in customer value perceptiondoes not follow a pattern and is highly individual and personal.This opens a discussion regarding the need for hyperpersonalizationin successful servitization, and the role of digitaltechnologies towards the same.
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