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- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(författare)
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Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
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| 2. |
- Pfohl, J., et al.
(författare)
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Highly deformed rotational structures in 136Pm
- 2000
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Ingår i: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813. ; 62:3, s. 313041-313045
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four highly deformed structures in the odd-odd nucleus 13661Pm75 were observed via the 105Pd(35Cl,2p2n) reaction at 180 and 173 MeV using the GAMMASPHERE γ-ray spectrometer and the Microball charged-particle detector array. Quadrupole moment measurements were performed on all of the bands. In contrast to lighter odd-Ζ Pm and Pr nuclei, bands based on the g9/2[404]9/2 proton orbital were not observed. Instead, the four observed sequences are assigned as a coupling of an i13/2 neutron with the low-Ω h11/2 and mixed d5/2g7/2 orbitals. Comparisons with neighboring highly deformed structures are discussed and cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations for 136Pm are presented.
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| 7. |
- Pfluger, D., et al.
(författare)
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The application of optical signal detection for characterizing transitions during laser beam welding
- 2002
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Ingår i: Congress proceedings. - Orlando, Fla : Laser institute of America.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical signals generated in the interaction zone between an Nd:YAG laser beam and an aluminum alloy have been investigated, in order to gain an appreciation of their potential for use in adaptive control systems for laser processing. A system has been developed that enables such signals to be recorded and analyzed. The laser beam welding process has been monitored, from the first visible signs of surface damage through to full penetration of the work piece, by linearly increasing the laser power during a melt run performed with a constant traverse rate. Trials were carried out on samples of the aluminum alloys AA5083 and AA5005 with various surface preparations and with a variety of sensor configurations. The characteristics of the resultant welds were established by using optical and scanning electron microscopy on transverse weld sections. The signals measured were consistent with well-defined characteristic modes of interaction. The effects of surface penetration, surface reflectance and weld pool curvature on the signals produced are noted and discussed. A fundamental understanding of the potential for optical signals to be used for on-line characterization of laser-material interactions was achieved through analysis and validation of the data captured. The methods used are sufficiently generic to be applied to other materials and laser-based processes.
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| 8. |
- Piamonte, D.P.T., et al.
(författare)
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Understanding small graphical symbols : A cross-cultural study
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 27:6, s. 399-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphical symbols such as icons or pictograms as interfaces in modern technological devices have become quite common. Although generally designed in western countries, their use can be found worldwide from audio-visual appliances to computers and computer-related devices. A basic ergonomic principle is to involve the potential users in the design and evaluation stages especially when the user groups are quite diverse. This study was part of an international project on evaluating telecommunication symbols. One of the major objectives was to test different graphical symbols (of the videophone), designed, and tested in Western Europe using subject groups from Asia, Europe, and the United States. This paper would discuss the major portions of the tests involving US and Swedish subjects. Performance indices used were hits, certainties, confusions, and semantic differential ratings. They were useful in analysing how the symbols were recognised, confused, and perceived by different subject groups. They also helped detect differences between groups which otherwise seemed to have similar test results. The results showed differences in patterns of ratings, which may be culturally linked and could help determine aspects of symbol design and usage that may be more helpful in designing instructions, learning aids, etc. Awareness of such subject bias and their implications are important on how one interprets the test results.Relevance to industryThe study outcome can be very helpful for industries in designing and evaluating candidate graphical symbols across various types of consumer products for worldwide use. Copyright © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.
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| 9. |
- Smith, Nathan, et al.
(författare)
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Kinematics and Ultraviolet to Infrared Morphology of the Inner Homunculus of η Carinae
- 2004
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 605:1, s. 405-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first ultraviolet and optical images of η Car and itscircumstellar Homunculus nebula, obtained with the Advanced Camera forSurveys/High Resolution Camera (ACS/HRC) on board the Hubble SpaceTelescope (HST). Compared to those at visual wavelengths, UV imagesreveal excess emission 0.1"-0.6" from the central source along the minoraxis that may emanate from the outer parts of η Car's nonsphericalstellar wind, which dominates the UV flux from η Car. The UVemission fills the cavity inside a dust torus measured from infrared(IR) data; within 0.2" of the star the UV emission projects a morphologyreminiscent of the IR torus, but it is a factor of 10 smaller. This``little torus'' seen in the UV may be related to the ``LittleHomunculus'' discovered recently, signifying recurrent mass ejectionswith the same geometry. Finally, we reexamine the kinematics of nebularcondensations near the star (Weigelt objects C and D) in HST images andspectra obtained over the past decade. We measure heliocentricvelocities slower than previous estimates, and from proper motions wederive an ejection date of 1908+/-12 yr, assuming linear motion.However, because of radiative acceleration, these objects may have beenejected earlier-perhaps during the 1890 outburst of η Car.Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope,obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, operated by theAssociation of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASAcontract NAS 5-26555.
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