| 1. |
- Johnson, Urban, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Transplant Recipients’ Experience of Participation at the World Transplant Games in Gothenburg 2011 : A Study of Psychological Well-being
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Open Transplantation Journal. - Bussum : Bentham Open. - 1874-4184. ; 7, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The World Transplant Games (WTG) is a biennial worldwide sporting event. Most published research relating to WTG has focused on medical issues. However, few studies have examined factors such as psychological wellbeing in sport for this group. The purpose of this study is to provide a description of the English-speaking participants at the WTG and analyze five research questions linked to how (1) health, (2), satisfaction with sports participation (3), perceived competence, (4) health as a benefit of sport participation (5), and impaired health as a cost of sports participation, are related to psychological factors in sports. There were a total of 253 participants with a mean age of 43.6 years, originating from seven English-speaking nations. Four validated psychological questionnaires were used, as well as a screening of background data of the group. The main characteristics of the English-speaking population were university educated middle age men with kidney transplants, who had participated in athletics at a rather high competitive level before the transplant. The main statistical findings particularly showed that satisfaction with sport participation, perceived health and health as a benefit were the dependent variables that explained most of the variance in the analysis. In conclusion, perceived competence, enjoyment and health seem to be critical psychological factors that essentially act as prime motivating factors behind participation in games such as WTG, and ultimately lead to a sense of psychological well-being among the participants. Finally, there is a discussion of future research, as well as the practical value of the results.
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| 2. |
- Bengtsson, Sverker, et al.
(författare)
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Time, Money and Support : Student-Athletes Transition to High Achivement Sport
- 2012
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Ingår i: Athletic Insight Journal. - New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 1947-6299 .- 2374-0531. ; 4:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine the perceptions of within-career transition, as experienced by student-athletes striving to reach the international level. Interviews were used to examine the perceptions of 26 Swedish student-athletes with a mean age of 22.5 years practicing individual sportsatthe national elite level, involved in a career assistance program. Categories identified through thematiccontent analysis were changes experienced in the transition, the career assistance program, resources to adjust to the new level in sport, satisfaction with their current situation, and strategies to adjust to the new level in sport. The athletes highlighted the value of interpersonal support and commitment, and recognized the need to develop further coping strategies, such as stress and time management. Practical implications for promoting successful within-career transitions are discussed © 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Sverker, et al.
(författare)
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Time, money and support : Student-athletes' transition to high achievement sports
- 2013
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Ingår i: Athletic Insight's Writings of 2012. - New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781626181205 ; , s. 99-116
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All rights reserved.The aim of this study was to examine the perceptions of within-career transition, as experienced by student-athletes striving to reach the international level. Interviews were used to examine the perceptions of 26 Swedish student-athletes with a mean age of 22.5 years practicing individual sportsa the national elite level, involved in a career assistance program. Categories identified through them at iccontent analysis were changes experienced in the transition, the career assistance program, resources to adjust to the new level in sport, satisfaction with their current situation, and strategies to adjust to the new level in sport. The athletes highlighted the value of interpersonal support and commitment, and recognized the need to develop further coping strategies, such as stress and time management. Practical implications for promoting successful within-career transitions are discussed. © 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
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| 4. |
- Fallby, Johan, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Parental support as a predictors to success in adolescent male football
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th European Congress of Sport Psychology, Madeira, Portugal. FEPSAC on-line publication. ; , s. 308-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to examine if parental support could predict elite academy participation in an adolescent football population. The participants were 767 adolescent male football players, where 443 represented an academy team and 324 represented lower ranked teams, in age between 11 and 18. The participants were classified into three groups; a) children (11-12 years), b) youth (13-15 years) and c) junior (16-18 years). The questionnaire used was the Swedish health survey developed by the Swedish Health Institute with a number of football specific items added. Parental support was measured with six items that all measured emotional support (for example if the player experience that his parents understand, listen to, and treat him fair).One way ANOVA showed that academy players reported significant higher level of parental support then the non–academy players in children (F(1, 196)= 7,071, p = 0,008) and junior ages (F(1,194) = 10,830, p = 0,001). A logistic regression showed that parental support predicted approximately 68% of the players belonging accurate both in the children- (68,2%) and junior (67,9%) sample.The result supports previous findings showing that adaptive coping resources, such as social support seeking, could predict athletic success (Yperen, 2009). One recommendation for football clubs with youth academies is to involve parents in the social support network in order to give the players more adaptive coping resources. Further, educating parents about demands and career transitions that the players are exposed to in an elite academy could be beneficial in a developmental perspective.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ivarsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Are all predicted relationships linear by nature? : A note about quantile regression in sport and exercise psychology
- 2014
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Ingår i: Advances in Contemporary Sport Psychology. - New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781633216730 - 9781633216655 ; 6:2, s. 115-123
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Data in sport and exercise psychology research are often analyzed based on the assumption that the relationships between two or more variables are linear in nature. But are all relationships in sport and exercise settings linear? The aim of this paper is to: a) discuss the potential shortcomings with using linear regression analysis, b) introduce quantile regression analysis (Q-regression) as an alternative to linear regression, and c) give examples of how to use Q-regression analysis in order to overcome some of the shortcomings of linear regression analysis. A comparison between the results from a linear regression analysis and a Q-regression analysis shows differences between the two methods. More specifically, the independent variables in the results of the Q-regression analysis were shown to have non-linear relationships with the dependent variable in given examples. Researchers are encouraged to consider using Q-regression analysis in studies where non-linear relationships could be expected.
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| 7. |
- Ivarsson, Andreas, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Could level and change in psychosocial stress during a 7 week period predict sport injuries in a population of professional soccer players?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Science and Soccer. ; , s. 163-163
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Itroduction: Involvement in competitive soccer is connected with a high injury rate (Hägglund, 2007). Previous research has suggested that a psychosocial stress (both major and minor stressors) have a great impact on injury risk (Rogers & Landers, 2005; Fawkner et al., 1999).Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate if individual level and change in psychosocial stress (daily hassle) during a 7 week period could predict injuries among Swedish Premiere League soccer players.Method: The participants were 56 (38 males and 18 females) Swedish Premiere League soccer players. Participants ranged in age from 16 – 36 years (M = 25, 05, SD = 5, 46). Participants completed the Hassle and Uplift Scale once a week for a 7-week period. During the research period, the physiotherapists for each team were asked to record any injuries occurring during the study period. Latent grpwth curve models were used to examine whether the level and change in psychological stress could predict the frequency of injury over the 7 week period.Result: The results showed that both high initial levels of daily hassle and negative changes in it were associated with more injuries. Moreover, intra-class correlation showed that 23,4 % of the variance in hassle over the 7 repeated observations could be explained by the within-person variance, whereas the majority of variance (76,6%) could be attributed to between-person variance.Discussion: The findings highlight the importance of focusing on state variables using prospective designs and appropriate change analysis in order to detect complex and dynamic associations across time in injury prediction research. It is also important to acknowledging and investigating individual differeces in order to understand how psychosocial stressors influence different athletes. Recommendations for players, coaches and physiotherapies are to be observant of the influence from daily hassles in order to be able to help the athlete to decrease injury risk by for example adjusting his/her training load due to psychological status.
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| 8. |
- Ivarsson, Andreas, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Design Issues in Pre-injury Research – A Note on Prediction and Experimental Design
- 2013
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Ingår i: Abstracts of the ISSP 13<sup>th</sup> World Congress of Sport Psychology. - Beijing. ; , s. 40-40
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last three decades, increased attention has been devoted towards psychological variables influencing injury risk (Hackfort & Kleinert, 2007). Of these prediction studies, a majority have used prospective designs with one single measurement point and continuous injury recording over a number of weeks. In order to grasp the changes in those variables, the use of repeated measure designs with multiple measurement points is warranted. Obtaining data from multiple points will enable use of advanced statistics, such as latent growth curve analysis. Unlike regular analyses (e.g., ANOVAs), growth curve analyses focus on within-person change and how within-person changes in state variables could affect injury risk. Based on findings from injury prediction research, investigators have targeted such variables (e.g., daily hassles, coping) in experimental studies aimed at preventing injuries. A meta-analysis, covering seven experimental studies, showed most studies to be effective in decreasing the number of injuries in the experimental groups (overall Hedges g Effect size = .81; Tranaeus, Ivarsson & Johnson, submitted). Even if the experimental studies have used true or quasi-experimental designs, several methodological issues can be addressed. First, in most of the studies a number of different mental skills are included in the intervention approach leading to difficulties in differentiating which specific mental skills may be responsible for producing reductions in injury. Second, since most of the experimental studies conducted used no-attentional control groups (i.e., the participants in these groups will not be given a placebo treatment), it is likely that large effects could be explained by the Hawthorn effect. Third, in most studies, researchers discuss the importance of their results based on suggested cut-off criteria for the p-values and/or effect sizes (ES). This procedure could be addressed as a limitation since p-values and/or effect sizes do not indicate anything about the results’ clinical significance (e.g., Ivarsson, Andersen, Johnson & Lindwall, 2013). Also, the fact that non-adjusted ES, which were reported in all studies providing ES, are positively biased due to sampling error (Synder & Lawson, 1993) might have led to overestimation of the intervention effects. This presentation will (a) highlight the designs of previous prediction studies while focusing on advantages of longitudinal repeated-measure designs (b) discuss different experimental designs that have been used in injury prevention research and, (c) suggest methodological and statistical considerations for future research on injury prevention.
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| 9. |
- Ivarsson, Andreas, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue as a Predictor of Sport Injuries : A Latent Class Analysis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Abstracts of the ISSP 13<sup>th</sup> World Congress of Sport Psychology. - Beijing. ; , s. 99-100
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has showed that psychosocial factors such as fatigue, could increase risk of injury (Borotikar et al., 2008; Johnson, 2011). Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the potential risk of different developmental trajectory profiles in fatigue, over three weeks, for injury among Swedish junior elite soccer players. Participants were 91 junior elite soccer players at the soccer high schools (64 male and 33 female) aged between 15-18 years (M =16.57, SD = .75). All players were asked, at a weekly basis during the first three weeks of pre-season, to complete the fatigue sub-scale from Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes-Sport (Kellman & Kallus, 2001). Two months after, the athletic trainers of the participants were asked to record any injury that occurred in the last two months. Latent class analysis was performed to analyze the data. Sample adjusted BIC was used to evaluate the goodness-of-fit and to help select the best fitted model (Yang, 1998). Relative risk ratios were calculated to compare the injury risk between participants in various latent classes identified from the latent class analysis. The model with best fit (BIC = 832, entropy .77) contained four different latent classes (i.e., low stable, moderate stable, high increasing, high decreasing). Members of the low stable class characterized by low levels of fatigue over the three-week period (Intercept = 2.5, slope = -.16) were selected as the reference class when calculating relative risk rations. Members of the high increasing class, experiencing high and increasing level of fatigue over the three-week period (Intercept = 4.94, slope = .29), were exposed to the highest risk of injury (RR = 2.53), compared with the reference class, and with other classes. Results from the participants included in the two other classes as (1) the moderate stable, characterized by a stable moderate level of fatigue during the course of assessment (Intercept = 3.78, slope = .14), and (2) the high decreasing, with high but decreasing level of fatigue during the three-week period (Intercept= 5.97, slope = -1.14), were both exposed to a 1.63 greater risk of injury than the reference class. The result indicates that high levels of fatigue might increase the risks of injury among soccer players. In other words, players’ risk in sport might potentially be reduced by proper recovery protocols. It is therefore highly recommended that coaches and medical staff should work actively and continuously with athletes to aid their physical and psychological recovery.
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| 10. |
- Ivarsson, Andreas, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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History of Stressors Impact on Sport Injury Occurrence : A Meta-Analysis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Abstracts of the ISSP 13<sup>th</sup> World Congress of Sport Psychology. - Beijing. ; , s. 275-275
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The probably most frequently cited model in sport injury prediction from a psychological perspective is Williams and Andersen's (1998) “stress injury model”. In the model it is suggested three categories of psychological factors, i.e. personality, history of stressors and coping will influence the athletes’ response to a potentially stressful situation. Most research attention the last 10 years has focused on the category history of stressors. This category includes different types of stressors such as negative life event stress, positive life event stress, hassle and previous injuries. Given that history of stressors has gained most attention in sport injury research the aim of the study was to, in meta-analysis, investigate the joint as well as separate effects of published studies aimed to investigate history of stressors impact on injury occurrence. The literature review resulted in 49 included articles. Of these 49 articles, 36 provided sufficient information for calculation for an r to z-transformation. In the total sample of selected studies, 67 different effect sizes could be calculated. The overall correlation effect size for the relationship between Stressors and injury occurrence were .129 (p<.001), 95 % CI (.096,-.161) using a random effect model. The results indicated heterogeneity between studies (Q = 214.41, df = 66, p < .001). Moreover, the results showed that negative life event stress (r = .184) and previous injuries (r = .225) displayed the strongest correlation with injury occurrence while positive life event stress showed the weakest (r = .023). Last, the result from a meta-regression confirmed that high methodological quality was related to higher correlational effects (β = .018 (.005), p < .001, 95 % CI = .009 - .03). Even if the correlational coefficient only showed a low to moderate overall effect it is suggested that stressors have an important impact on injury risk. This line of argument is for example supported by the calculated fail-and safe number indicating that 3,196 studies with zero effect results would be necessary to decrease the effect to zero. Given that stress seems to influence injury risk athletes are recommended to take part in life style interventions (e.g. mindfulness), to develop effective strategies for decrease their stress levels.
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