| 1. |
- Al-Gburi, Majid, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of Restraint in Second Cast Sections of Concrete Culverts using Artificial Neural Networks
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1964-8189 .- 2116-7214. ; 22:2, s. 226-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimation of restraint is very important for accurately predicting the risk of early thermal and shrinkage cracking in concrete structures. The stress in young concrete is affected by changes in its dimensions during hydration and the restraint imposed by adjoining structures. In concrete culverts, the restraints from existing structures acting upon the first and second casting sections to be cast are different, causing them to exhibit different early cracking behaviour. This work presents a new method for predicting restraint in complex concrete structures using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Finite element calculations were performed to predict restraint in 108 slabs, 324 walls and 972 roofs from second sections of concrete culverts, and the results obtained were used to train and validate ANN models. The ANN models were then used to study the effects of varying selected parameters (the thickness and width of the roof and slab, the thickness and height of the walls, and the length of the culvert section) on the predicted restraint. Mathematical expressions for predicting restraint values in slabs, walls and roofs were derived based on the ANN models’ output and implemented in an Excel spreadsheet that provides a simple way of predicting restraint in practical applications. Restraint values predicted in this way agree well with the results of finite-element calculations
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| 2. |
- Al-Gburi, Majid, et al.
(författare)
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Reduction of Early Age Crack Risks in Concrete Walls by Using a New Casting Technique
- 2016
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Ingår i: Structural Engineering International. - : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering. - 1016-8664 .- 1683-0350. ; 26:3, s. 216-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Volumetric changes in early age concrete that are restrained might lead to cracks. The degree of restraint is influenced by the casting sequence and the dimensions of the castings. In the current study a new casting technique is proposed to reduce restraint in the newly cast concrete with a new arrangement of the structural joint to the existing old concrete. The proposed technique is valid for the typical structure wall-on-slab using one structural joint. This casting method means that lower part of the wall is cast together with the slab, and that part is called a kicker. Hereby, the behavior of the structure changes from a typical case wall-on-slab to a typical case wall-on-wall. It has been proven by the beam theory and demonstrated by numerical calculations that there is a clear reduction in the restraint from the slab to the wall using kickers. In the paper different kicker heights are studied with the aim of determining the minimum restraint in the upper part of the wall cast in contact with the kicker. The technique using kickers is compared with common measures used in the field to avoid cracking, such as cooling pipes in the new casting and/or heating cables in the adjoining old concrete. The presented method is both cost and time effective, as it opens the possibility to use larger structural length of each casting sequence.
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| 3. |
- Al-Gburi, Majid, et al.
(författare)
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Using Artificial Neural Network to Predict the Restraint in Concrete Culvert at Early Age
- 2015
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Ingår i: Structural Engineering International. - 1016-8664 .- 1683-0350. ; 25:3, s. 258-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimation of restraint is very important for accurate prediction of the risk of concrete cracking at early age. The present study predicts the restraint in 324 walls and 972 roofs for a concrete culvert. A parametric study included the thickness and width of the roofs, thickness and height of the walls, thickness and width of the slab, and length of the structures. Each parameter increased or decreased the restraint in the walls and the roofs. The calculation of the restraint was done elastically by the finite-element method (FE). The results were used by an artificial neural network (ANN) tool, where firstly an influential percentage was investigated as input parameters on the restraint prediction. Equations have been derived by the ANN model to calculate the restraint in the walls and the roofs. It was then used in an Excel sheet to calculate the restraint and compare the result with the result from the finite-element calculations giving high accuracy between the ANN model and the FE calculations
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| 4. |
- Edrees Saeed, Tarek, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of changes in modal characteristics before and after damage of a railway bridge: a case study
- 2015
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Ingår i: The IES Journal Part A. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1937-3260 .- 1937-3279. ; 8:2, s. 131-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The linear, time-invariant transfer function Txy has been utilized for the construction of FRF, based on the ambient vibration measurements. The results presented here indicated the possibility to identify and localize damages in steel railway bridges from the variations in the modal characteristics of the structure. The comparison between the modal characteristics for the healthy and collapsed bridge confirmed that damage had been existed. The abnormal percentage of change in modal damping, between the healthy and any other condition for a structure, can be regarded as a serious indicator for early stages of damage, while the high percentage of change in modal damping can clearly indicate the existence of damage in that structure. The average ratio of change in the damping ratio from the healthy to the collapsed bridge was about 206 % and this ration could be regarded as an index for the existence of a serious damage in steel bridges, which needs further evaluation in other test cases.
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| 5. |
- Edrees, Tarek, et al.
(författare)
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A state-of-the-art review of Structural Control Systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Vibration and Control. - : SAGE Publications. - 1077-5463 .- 1741-2986. ; 21:5, s. 919-937
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays the utilization of structural control systems for alleviating the responses of civil engineering structures, under the effects of different kinds of dynamics loadings, has become a standard technology, while still there are numerous of current research approaches for advancing the effectiveness of these methodologies. The aim of this article is to review the state of the art technologies in structural control systems by introducing a general literature review for all the types of vibrations control systems that have been appeared till now. These systems can be classified into four main groups: a) passive, b) semi active, c) active, and d) hybrid based on their operational mechanism. A brief description of each of these main groups and their subgroups, with their corresponding advantages and disadvantages will be also extendedly reported in this review. This article will conclude by providing an overview of some innovative practical implementations of devices, which are able to demonstrate their potentials and future directions of structural control systems in civil engineering.
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| 6. |
- Edrees, Tarek, et al.
(författare)
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Comfort level identification for irregular multi-storey building
- 2015
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Ingår i: Automation in Construction. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-5805 .- 1872-7891. ; 50, s. 40-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, the System Identification approach is being used to identify the vertical frequencies of the top storey in a multi-storey building prefabricated from reinforced concrete in Stockholm. Before building construction, detailed investigation indicated that the building will not be affected by train vibrations from the nearby railway yard. After building completion, disturbing vibrations were observed in the building. Three measurement types namely: ambient vibration test, forced vibration test on the rails, and forced vibration test have been performed in order to specify the probable reasons for these vibrations.Five methods of structural identification approach, specifically: ARX, ARMAX, BJ, OEand State Space Models have been implemented for the identification process in this study usingthe tests' results. All the test types and model structures utilized have identified a concentration inthe floor only, which is close to the frequencies of human body parts. Furthermore, the article concludes that the ARMAX model and the Output Error model have indicated an excellent performance to predict the mathematical models of vibration's propagation in the building, when compared with other models used from the three types of tests.In addition, the results of the aforementioned system identification methods, implemented for this study, have indicated that there are no other reasons for the disturbing vibrations still observed in the building. Furthermore, the results confirmed the correctness of the previous theoretical and experimental results obtained by different specialists, who stated that the values of floor acceleration are within the acceptable limits, and the probable reason for any disturbance is the resonance between the generated low frequencies and the human body parts’ frequencies.
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| 7. |
- Hösthagen, Anders, 1979-
(författare)
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Thermal Crack Risk Estimation and Material Properties of Young Concrete
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis presents how to establish a theoretical model to predict risk of thermal cracking in young concrete when cast on ground or an arbitrary construction. The crack risk in young concrete is determined in two steps: 1) calculation of temperature distribution within newly cast concrete and adjacent structure; 2) calculation of stresses caused by thermal and moisture (due to self-desiccation, if drying shrinkage not included) changes in the analyzed structure. If the stress reaches the tensile strength of the young concrete, one or several cracks will occur.The main focus of this work is how to establish a theoretical model denoted Equivalent Restraint Method model, ERM, and the correlation between ERM models and empirical experiences. A key factor in these kind of calculations is how to model the restraint from any adjacent construction part or adjoining restraining block of any type.The building of a road tunnel and a railway tunnel has been studied to collect temperature measurements and crack patterns from the first object, and temperature and thermal dilation measurements from the second object, respectively. These measurements and observed cracks were compared to the theoretical calculations to determine the level of agreement between empirical and theoretical results.Furthermore, this work describes how to obtain a set of fully tested material parameters at CompLAB (test laboratory at Luleå University of Technology, LTU) suitable to be incorporated into the calculation software used. It is of great importance that the obtained material parameters describe the thermal and mechanical properties of the young concrete accurately, in order to perform reliable crack risk calculations. Therefore, analysis was performed that show how a variation in the evaluated laboratory tests will affect the obtained parameters and what effects it has on calculated thermal stresses.
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| 8. |
- Hösthagen, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal Crack Risk Estimations of Concrete Walls : Temperature and Strain Measurements Correlated to the Equivalent Restraint Method
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 23rd Nordic Concrete Research Symposium. - Oslo, Norway : Nordic Concrete Federation. - 9788282080569
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-induced non-elastic deformations in hardening concrete, caused by restrained volume changes due to thermal dilatation and moisture deformations, often leads to cracking. In crack risk analyses, determination of the degree of restraint is vital. One model to estimate the restraint and calculate the thermal crack risk is the Equivalent Restraint Method, ERM. The method has previously been analyzed but needs to be further examined and validated. Recordings of tunnel sections were performed and compared to calculated values by ERM. Satisfying correlation between theoretically estimated and observed temperatures, strains and time of through cracking was achieve which is promising for future implementation and testing of the method.
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| 9. |
- Joffrin, E., et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the JET preparation for deuterium-tritium operation with the ITER like-wall
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 59:11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the past several years, the JET scientific programme (Pamela et al 2007 Fusion Eng. Des. 82 590) has been engaged in a multi-campaign effort, including experiments in D, H and T, leading up to 2020 and the first experiments with 50%/50% D-T mixtures since 1997 and the first ever D-T plasmas with the ITER mix of plasma-facing component materials. For this purpose, a concerted physics and technology programme was launched with a view to prepare the D-T campaign (DTE2). This paper addresses the key elements developed by the JET programme directly contributing to the D-T preparation. This intense preparation includes the review of the physics basis for the D-T operational scenarios, including the fusion power predictions through first principle and integrated modelling, and the impact of isotopes in the operation and physics of D-T plasmas (thermal and particle transport, high confinement mode (H-mode) access, Be and W erosion, fuel recovery, etc). This effort also requires improving several aspects of plasma operation for DTE2, such as real time control schemes, heat load control, disruption avoidance and a mitigation system (including the installation of a new shattered pellet injector), novel ion cyclotron resonance heating schemes (such as the three-ions scheme), new diagnostics (neutron camera and spectrometer, active Alfven eigenmode antennas, neutral gauges, radiation hard imaging systems...) and the calibration of the JET neutron diagnostics at 14 MeV for accurate fusion power measurement. The active preparation of JET for the 2020 D-T campaign provides an incomparable source of information and a basis for the future D-T operation of ITER, and it is also foreseen that a large number of key physics issues will be addressed in support of burning plasmas.
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| 10. |
- Kissopoulou, Antheia, et al.
(författare)
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Homozygous missense MYBPC3 Pro873His mutation associated with increased risk for heart failure development in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- 2018
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Ingår i: ESC Heart Failure. - : WILEY PERIODICALS, INC. - 2055-5822. ; 5:4, s. 716-723
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary autosomal-dominant disorder of the myocardium with variable expressivity and penetrance. Occasionally, homozygous sarcomere genetic variants emerge while genotyping HCM patients. In these cases, a more severe HCM phenotype is generally seen. Here, we report a case of HCM that was diagnosed clinically at 39years of age. Initial symptoms were shortness of breath during exertion. Successively, he developed a wide array of severe clinical manifestations, which progressed to an ominous end-stage heart failure that resulted in heart transplantation. Genotype analysis revealed a missense MYBPC3 variant NM_000256.3:c.2618Camp;gt;A,p.(Pro873His) that presented in the homozygous form. Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity have been reported for the Pro873His MYBPC3 variant described here. Our patient, presenting with two copies of the variant and devoid of a normal allele, progressed to end-stage heart failure, which supports the notion of a deleterious effect of this variant in the homozygous form.
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