| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Bodin, Theo, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in Precarious Employment in Sweden 1992–2017 : A Social Determinant of Health
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to identify trends in precarious employment in the Swedish workforce from 1992 to 2017. This is a repeated cross-sectional study, analyzing the total working population aged 16–75 in Sweden at five-year intervals. We used version 2.0 of the Swedish Register-based Operationalization of Precarious Employment, covering the following dimensions: employment insecurity, income inadequacy, lack of rights and protection. The proportion in precarious employment increased from 9.7 to 12% between 1992 and 2017, a relative increase of 24%. The prevalence was higher among those of lower age, of low education, and immigrants. Differences between sexes converged, and there were slightly more precarious men than women in 2017. The relative increase was most pronounced among men, especially those with low educational attainment and of European origin. The increasing proportion of precarious employees is a clear challenge to the tripartite Nordic model, which requires sufficient trade-union bargaining power.
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| 3. |
- Jonsson, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring multidimensional operationalizations of precarious employment in swedish register data – a typological approach and a summative score approach
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 47:2, s. 117-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives This study aimed to explore multidimensional operationalizations of precarious employment (PE) in Swedish register data using two approaches: (i) a typological approach and (ii) a dimensional, summative scale approach. It also examined the distribution of sociodemographic and occupational characteristics of precarious employees in Sweden. Method Register data was retrieved on individuals and their employers in the Swedish workforce. Five items corresponding to three dimensions of PE were operationalized: contractual relationship insecurity, contractual temporariness, multiple jobs/sectors, income level, and lack of unionization. First, latent class analysis was applied and a typology of six employment types emerged. Second, a summative scale was constructed by scor-ing all PE-items. Results Three types of PE were found using the typological approach, which were characterized by direct employment, solo self-employment and multiple job holding, respectively. The summative scale score ranged between-10 and +2 (average:-1.8). Particularly poor scores were seen for solo self-employed, multiple job hold-ers/multiple sectors, and low income. Female gender, young age, low education and foreign origin were prone to precariousness. PE was more frequent among certain economic sectors and occupations. Conclusions Using an existing register of labor market data, two operationalizations of PE were constructed and rendered promising for exposure assessment. Hence, the operationalizations could be of interest for countries with similar data structure. Both approaches highlighted precarious combinations of employment conditions and pointed towards the existence of a wide continuum of precariousness on the labor market. Etiological studies and research assessing trends over time are needed to validate these findings.
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| 4. |
- Jonsson, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Precarious employment and general, mental and physical health in Stockholm, Sweden : a cross-sectional study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 49:2, s. 228-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives:To investigate the association between precarious employment and health in a sample of non-standard employees in Stockholm County, Sweden, by addressing three specific research questions: is the degree of precarious employment (low, moderate, high) associated with self-rated. . . (a) general health, (b) mental health, (c) musculoskeletal pain?Methods:Web-based respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit a sample of 415 employees in Stockholm, Sweden, during 2016-2017. Questionnaire data were collected on employment conditions (the Swedish version of the employment precariousness scale (EPRES-Se)), general health, mental health and musculoskeletal pain. EPRES-Se scores were categorised as low, moderate or high. Generalised linear models with Poisson distribution, log link functions and robust variances were applied for calculating crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR; aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all outcomes.Results:The prevalence ratios of poor self-rated general and mental health increased with increased degree of precariousness, as indicated by estimates of moderate precarious employment (a(2)PR(Moderate)1.44 (CI 0.98-2.11); a(2)PR(Moderate)1.13 (CI 0.82-1.62)), and high precarious employment (a(2)PR(High)1.78 (CI 1.21-2.62); a(2)PR(High)1.69 (CI 1.25-2.28)), albeit only significantly so for high precarious employment.Conclusions:This is the first study in Sweden reporting on the association between precarious employment, as measured with a multidimensional scale, and multiple health outcomes. The results add to the evidence of an association between precarious employment and self-rated poor general and mental health. Larger, representative studies with longitudinal designs using the EPRES-Se are called for in order to strengthen these results and the already existing evidence of the harm of precarious employment.
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| 5. |
- Kreshpaj, Bertina, et al.
(författare)
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Precarious employment and occupational injuries in Sweden between 2006 and 2014 : a register-based study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 80, s. 179-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPrecarious employment (PE) has been suggested as a risk factor for occupational injuries (OIs). However, several issues such as under-reporting and time at risk pose obstacles to obtaining unbiased estimates of risk ObjectiveTo investigate if PE is a risk factor for OIs in Sweden. MethodsThis register-based study included employed workers aged 18-65, resident in Sweden between 2006 and 2014. PE was operationalised as a multidimensional construct (score) and by its five items (contract insecurity, contractual temporariness, multiple jobs/multiple sectors, income level, collective bargaining agreement). Our outcome was OI in the following year. Pooled ORs for OIs in relation to PE and PE items were calculated by means of multivariate logistic regression models for women and men separately. ResultsPrecarious workers were at lower risk of OIs as compared with non-precarious workers among both males and females (OR <1) also when applying weights for under-reporting and adjusting for time at risk (part-time work). Male agencies workers had a higher risk of OIs (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.23), as did male and female workers in multiple jobs/sectors (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.28 and OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.13 respectively), and female workers in the low-income groups (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.12). Low coverage of collective bargaining agreements was associated with a lower risk of OIs for both men and women (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.31 and OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.27, respectively). ConclusionsWhile several mechanisms may explain why precarious workers in Sweden present lower risks of OIs, several dimensions of PE such as temp agency work and multiple job-holding could be important risk factors for OIs and merit further research.
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| 6. |
- Kreshpaj, Bertina, et al.
(författare)
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What is precarious employment? A systematic review of definitions and operationalizations from quantitative and qualitative studies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 46:3, s. 235-247
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The lack of a common definition for precarious employment (PE) severely hampers the comparison of studies within and between countries, consequently reducing the applicability of research findings. We carried out a systematic review to summarize how PE has been conceptualized and implemented in research and identify the construct's dimensions in order to facilitate guidance on its operationalization.Methods According to PRISMA guidelines, we searched Web of Science and Scopus for publications with variations of PE in the title or abstract. The search returned 1225 unique entries, which were screened for eligibility. Exclusion criteria were (i) language other than English, (ii) lack of a definition for PE, and (iii) non-original research. A total of 63 full-text articles were included and qualitative thematic-analysis was performed in order to identify dimensions of PE.Results We identified several theory-based definitions of PE developed by previous researchers. Most definitions and operationalizations were either an accommodation to available data or the direct result of qualitative studies identifying themes of PE. The thematic-analysis of the selected articles resulted in a multidimensional construct including the following three dimensions: employment insecurity, income inadequacy, and lack of rights and protection.Conclusions Despite a growing number of studies on PE, most fail to clearly define the concept, severely restricting the advancement of the research of PE as a social determinant of health. Our combined theoretical and empirical review suggests that a common multidimensional definition could be developed and deployed in different labor market contexts using a variety of methodological approaches.
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| 7. |
- Lindblad, Sverker, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Doctoral education making researchers or teaching professionals? Findings from a systematic research review
- 2021
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Ingår i: At the panel On Educational Research in Sweden, WERA Virtual Focal Meeting, July 7-9 2021.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we present and discuss a research review, limited to the discipline of educational research. A rational for this limitation is that we position doctoral education at the “solar-plexus of academia” (Elmgren et al, 2016, p. 87), and, as argued by Becher (1994), characteristics of a discipline are reflected in doctoral education. Thus, we argue, doctoral education is at the core of the intellectual and social organization (Whitley, 2000) of an academic discipline. Our ambition in this paper is to identify paradigmatic (cf. Kuhn, 1962) aspects in educational research. Since we are dealing with educational research, a special interest is devoted to relations between doctoral education and academization of the teaching profession. References: Bao, Y., Kehm, B. M. and Ma, Y. (2018) From product to process: the reform of doctoral education in Europe and China. Studies in Higher Education, 43(3), pp. 524-541. Becher, T. (1994). The significance of disciplinary differences, Studies in Higher Education, 19(2), pp.151-161. Elmgren, M., Forsberg, E., Lindberg-Sand, Å. & Sonesson, A. (2016). The formation of doctoral education. Lund: Joint Faculties of Humanities and Theology, Lund University. Etzioni, A. (1969). The semi professions and their organizations. N Y: Free Press. Foss Lindblad, R. & Lindblad, S. (2013). Educational Research: The State of Sweden and the Australian 2.2 world. The Australian Educational Researcher, 11/2013, Vol, 40/4 Jones, M. (2013). Issues in doctoral studies – forty years of journal discussion: Where have we been and where are we going? International Journal of Doctoral Studies. Vol 8. pp. 83-104. Keiner, E. (2019). ’Rigour’, ’discipline’ and the ’systemic’: The cultural construction of educational identities? European Educational Research Journal. https://doi-org.ezproxy.ub.gu.se/10.1177/1474904118824935 . Kuhn, T. S. (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. Princeton University Press: Chicago and London. Labaree, D. (2003). The peculiar problems of preparing educational researchers. Educational Researcher, 32 (4), pp. 13–22. Lytle, S.J. & Cochran-Smith, M. (1994). Inquiry, knowledge and practice. In S. Hollingworth & H. Sockett. Research and educational reform: Ninety-third yearbook, National Society of Education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Nowotny, H. Scott, P. & Gibbons, M. (2001). Rethinking science. Knowledge and the public in an age of uncertainty. Cambrigde: Polity. Steichler, U. (2014). Doctoral education and training. A view across countries and disciplines. In. M. de Ibarrola & L.W. Anderson (Eds.). The nurturing of new educational researchers. Sense Publishers.
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