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- Aamodt, K., et al.
(författare)
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The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08002
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries, Its overall dimensions are 16 x 16 x 26 m(3) with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008.
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| 2. |
- Kivioja, Aarne H., et al.
(författare)
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Cement is recommended in intralesional surgery of giant cell tumors : a Scandinavian Sarcoma Group study of 294 patients followed for a median time of 5 years
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 79:1, s. 86-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Giant cell tumors of bone rarely metastasize but often recur locally after surgery. There is limited knowledge about the risk of recurrence related to different types of treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed factors affecting the local recurrence rate in 294 patients with giant cell tumors of the extremities using prospectively collected material from 13 centers. The median follow-up time was 5 (0.2-18) years. RESULTS: A local recurrence was diagnosed in 57 of 294 patients (19%). The overall 5-year local recurrence rate was 0.22. Univariate analysis identified young age and intralesional surgery to be associated with a higher risk of recurrence. Based on multivariate analysis, the relative risk was 2.4-fold for intralesional surgery compared to more extensive operative methods. There was no correlation between tumor size, tumor extension, sex of the patient, tumor location, or fracture at diagnosis and outcome. In the subgroup of 200 patients treated with intralesional surgery, the method of filling (cement or bone) was known for 194 patients and was statistically highly significant in favor of the use of cement. INTERPRETATION: Intralesional surgery should be the first choice in most giant cell tumors, even in the presence of a pathological fracture. After thorough evacuation, the cavity should be filled with cement.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Sandersen, Peter B. E., et al.
(författare)
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Rapid tunnel-valley formation beneath the receding Late Weichselian ice sheet in Vendsyssel, Denmark
- 2009
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Ingår i: Boreas. - : Wiley. - 1502-3885 .- 0300-9483. ; 38:4, s. 834-851
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interpretation of Transient ElectroMagnetic (TEM) data and wire-line logs has led to the delineation of an intricate pattern of buried tunnel valleys, along with new evidence of glaciotectonically dislocated layers in recessional moraines in the central part of Vendsyssel, Denmark. The TEM data have been compared with recent results of stratigraphical investigations based on lithological and biostratigraphical analyses of borehole samples and dating with Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon. This has provided an overview of the spatial distribution of the late Quaternary lithostratigraphical formations, and the age of the tunnel valleys has been estimated. The tunnel valleys are typically 5-10 km long, 1 km wide and are locally eroded to depths of more than 180 m b.s.l. The valleys are interpreted to have been formed by subglacial meltwater erosion beneath the outermost part of the ice sheet during temporary standstills and minor re-advances during the overall Late Weichselian recession of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet. The formation of the tunnel valleys occurred after the retreat of the Main ice advance c. 20 kyr BP and before the Lateglacial marine inundation c. 18 kyr BP. Based on the occurrence of the tunnel valleys and the topography, four ice-marginal positions related to the recession of the northeastern Main advance and seven ice-marginal positions related to the recession from the following eastern re-advance across Vendsyssel are delineated. All the tunnel valleys were formed within a time interval of a few thousand years, giving only a few hundred years or less for the formation of the tunnel valleys at each ice-marginal position.
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| 5. |
- Tuskan, G A, et al.
(författare)
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The genome of black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray).
- 2006
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 313:5793, s. 1596-604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the draft genome of the black cottonwood tree, Populus trichocarpa. Integration of shotgun sequence assembly with genetic mapping enabled chromosome-scale reconstruction of the genome. More than 45,000 putative protein-coding genes were identified. Analysis of the assembled genome revealed a whole-genome duplication event; about 8000 pairs of duplicated genes from that event survived in the Populus genome. A second, older duplication event is indistinguishably coincident with the divergence of the Populus and Arabidopsis lineages. Nucleotide substitution, tandem gene duplication, and gross chromosomal rearrangement appear to proceed substantially more slowly in Populus than in Arabidopsis. Populus has more protein-coding genes than Arabidopsis, ranging on average from 1.4 to 1.6 putative Populus homologs for each Arabidopsis gene. However, the relative frequency of protein domains in the two genomes is similar. Overrepresented exceptions in Populus include genes associated with lignocellulosic wall biosynthesis, meristem development, disease resistance, and metabolite transport.
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