| 1. |
- Carlsson, Axel C, et al.
(författare)
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Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1) is associated with increased total mortality due to cancer and cardiovascular causes : findings from two community based cohorts of elderly
- 2014
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 237:1, s. 236-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Experimental evidence support soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor alpha as important mediators of the underlying pathology leading to cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, prospective data concerning the relation between circulating soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR1) and mortality in humans are lacking. We aimed to explore and validate the association between sTNFR1 and mortality, and to explore the influence of other established risk factors for mortality, including other inflammatory markers.METHODS: The association between serum sTNFR1and the risk for mortality was investigated in two community-based cohorts of elderly: the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS; women 50%, n = 1005, mean age 70 years, median follow-up 7.9 years) and the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM, n = 775, mean age 77 years, median follow-up 8.1 years).RESULTS: In total, 101 participants in PIVUS and 274 in ULSAM died during follow-up. In multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for inflammation, lifestyle and established cardiovascular risk factors, one standard deviation (SD) higher sTNFR1 was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) for mortality of 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-1.60, in PIVUS and HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10-1.37 in ULSAM. Moreover, circulatingsTNFR1 was associated with cardiovascular mortality (HR per SD of sTNFR1, 1.24, 95% CI 1.07-1.44) and cancer mortality (HR per SD of sTNFR1, 1.32, 95% CI 1.11-1.57) in the ULSAM cohort. High levels of sTNFR1 identified individuals with increased risk of mortality among those with high as well as low levels of systemic inflammation.CONCLUSIONS: An association between circulating sTNFR1 and an increased risk for mortality was found and validated in two independent community-based cohorts. The future clinical role of sTNFR1 to identify high risk patients for adverse outcomes and mortality has yet to be determined.
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| 2. |
- Daskalakis, Kosmas, et al.
(författare)
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The Use of Pre- or Postoperative Antibiotics in Surgery for Appendicitis : A Systematic Review
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. - : SAGE Publications. - 1457-4969 .- 1799-7267. ; 103:1, s. 14-20
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of this study was to review the literature regarding the use of pre- and/or postoperative antibiotics in the management of appendicitis, using data obtained from PubMed and the Cochrane Library.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted using the terms "appendicitis" combined with "antibiotics." Studies were selected based on relevance for the evidence on prophylactic and postoperative treatment with regard to the route and duration of drug administration and the findings of surgery.RESULTS: Patients with acute appendicitis should receive preoperative, broad-spectrum antibiotics. The use of postoperative antibiotics is only recommended in cases of perforation, and treatment should then be given intravenously, for a minimum period of 3-5 days for adult patients, until clinical signs such as fever resolve and laboratory parameters such as C-reactive protein curve and white blood cell (WBC) start to decline.CONCLUSION: Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended in all patients with acute appendicitis, whereas postoperative antibiotics only in cases of perforation.
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| 3. |
- Drugge, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Aerodynamic loads on buses due to crosswind gusts : extended analysis
- 2010
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Ingår i: Vehicle System Dynamics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0042-3114 .- 1744-5159. ; 48, s. 287-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this work is to use inverse simulations on measured vehicle data in order to estimate the aerodynamic loads on a bus when exposed to crosswind situations. Tyre forces, driver input, wind velocity and vehicle response were measured on a typical coach when subjected to natural crosswind gusts. Based on these measurements and a detailed MBS vehicle model, the aerodynamic loads were estimated through inverse simulations. In order to estimate the lift force, roll and pitch moments in addition to the lateral force and yaw moment, the simulation model was extended by also incorporating the estimation of the vertical road disturbances. The proposed method enables the estimation of aerodynamic loads due to crosswind gusts without using a full scale wind tunnel adapted for crosswind excitation.
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| 4. |
- Gimm, Oliver, et al.
(författare)
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Super-selective venous sampling in conjunction with quickPTH for patients with persistent primary hyperparathyroidism: report of five cases
- 2012
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Ingår i: Surgery today (Print). - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0941-1291 .- 1436-2813. ; 42:6, s. 570-576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selective venous sampling (SVS) helps to interpret imaging results in patients with persistent primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). However, one of the drawbacks of conventional SVS may be low "spatial resolution", depending on the sample size. We modified SVS in the following way: first, patients underwent conventional SVS with up to 11 parathyroid hormone (PTH) samples taken. The quickPTH assay was used to measure PTH levels. The patients subsequently underwent super-selective venous sampling (super-SVS) in the region with the highest quickPTH level in the same session. The subjects were five consecutive patients with persistent pHPT investigated by various imaging techniques, none of which was considered conclusive. Therefore, all five patients underwent super-SVS, which was done successfully in four. Re-evaluation of the imaging results of these four patients resulted in localization of the parathyroid adenoma. Curative surgery was performed successfully in all four patients during the study period. Super-SVS increases the "spatial resolution" of conventional SVS and may have advantages when imaging results of patients with persistent pHPT are interpreted. Its true value must be analyzed in larger studies.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lundberg, Emil, 1977-
(författare)
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2D and 3D Reflection Seismic Studies over Scandinavian Deformation Zones
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study of deformation zones is of great geological interest since these zones can separate rocks with different characteristics. The geometry of these structures with depth is important for interpreting the geological history of an area. Paper I to III present 2D reflection seismic data over deformation zones targeting structures in the upper 3-4 km of the crust. These seismic profiles were acquired with a crooked-line recording geometry. 2D seismic processing assumes a straight recording geometry. Most seismic processing tools were developed for sub-horizontally layered structures. However, in the crystalline rocks in Scandinavia more complex structures with contrasting dip directions and folding are common. The crooked-line recording geometries have the benefit of sampling a 3D volume. This broader sampling can be used to gain knowledge about the true geometry of subsurface structures. Correlation with geological maps and other geophysical data along with seismic data modeling can be used to differentiate reflections from faults or fracture zones from other reflectivity, e.g. mafic bodies. Fault and fracture zones may have a large impedance contrast to surrounding rocks, while ductile shear zones usually do not. The ductile shear zones can instead be interpreted based on differing reflectivity patterns between domains and correlations with geology or magnetic maps. Paper IV presents 3D reflection seismic data from a quick-clay landslide site in southern Sweden. The area is located in a deformation zone and structures in unconsolidated sediments may have been influenced by faults in the bedrock. The main target layer is located at only 20 m depth, but good surface conditions during acquisition and careful processing enabled a clear seismic image of this shallow layer to be obtained.The research presented in this thesis provides increased knowledge about subsurface structures in four geologically important areas. The unconventional processing methods used are recommended to future researchers working with data from crooked-line recording geometries in crystalline environments. The imaging of shallow structures at the quick-clay landslide site shows that the 3D reflection seismic method can be used as a complement to other geophysical measurements for shallow landslide site investigations.
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| 7. |
- Malehmir, Alireza, et al.
(författare)
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High-resolution Multicomponent Hardrock Seismic Imaging of Mineral Deposits and their Host Rock Structures
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although applied in the past, there are only a few cases demonstrating the advantages of multicomponentseismic data for mineral exploration. To illustrate this, a test survey using sixty 3C-digital sensors, spacedbetween 2 to 4 m and assembled in a 160 m long landstreamer, was carried out to provide information onshallow structures hosting mineralization and also a magnetic lineament with an unknown origin. Thesurvey, totally about 1.3 km long, was complemented by Radio MagnetoTelluric (RMT) measurements.Although an explosive source was used to generate the seismic signal, the seismic data show good qualityfor all the three components. Supported by the RMT results, clear reflections are observed in thehorizontal component data at about 25 m depth, one of them steeply dipping, likely associated with themagnetic lineament. Field static corrections were well estimated thanks to the close shot and receiverspacing and the broadband frequency content of the data. This study demonstrates that multicomponentseismic data can be useful for providing information on shallow structures and linking them to the surfacegeology. The vertical component data, however, show deeper penetration and better image the crystallinebasement and its undulated/faulted surface at about 50 m depth.
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| 8. |
- Subramaniam, Raja, et al.
(författare)
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An isomer-specific high-energy collision-induced dissociation MS/MS database for forensic applications : a proof-of-concept on chemical warfare agent markers
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Mass Spectrometry. - : Wiley. - 1076-5174 .- 1096-9888. ; 46:9, s. 917-924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spectra database search has become the most popular technique for the identification of unknown chemicals, minimizing the need for authentic reference chemicals. In the present study, an isomer-specific high-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) MS/MS spectra database of 12 isomeric O-hexyl methylphosphonic acids (degradation markers of nerve agents) was created. Phosphonate anions were produced by the electrospray ionization of phosphonic acids or negative-ion chemical ionization of their fluorinated derivatives and were analysed in a hybrid magnetic-sector–time-of-flight tandem massspectrometer. A centre-of-mass energy (Ecom) of 65eV led to an optimal sequential carbon–carbon bond breakage, which was interpreted in terms of charge remote fragmentation. The proposed mechanism is discussed in comparison with the routinely used low-energy CID MS/MS. Even-mass (odd-electron) charge remote fragmentation ion series were diagnostic of the O-alkyl chain structure and can be used to interpret unknown spectra. Together with the odd-mass ion series, they formed highly reproducible, isomer-specific spectra that gave significantly higher database matches and probability factors (by 1.5 times) than did the EI MS spectra of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of the same isomers. In addition, ionization by negative-ion chemical ionization and electrospray ionization resulted in similar spectra, which further highlights the general potential of the high-energy CID MS/MS technique.
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| 9. |
- Subramaniam, Raja, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of S-2-(N,N-diisopropylaminoethyl)- and S-2-(N,N-diethylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothiolate, nerve agent markers, in water samples using strong anion-exchange disk extraction, in vial trimethylsilylation, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 1229, s. 86-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the establishment of the Chemical Weapons Convention in 1997, the development of analytical methods for unambiguous identification of large numbers of chemicals related to chemical warfare agents has attracted increased interest. The analytically challenging, zwitterionic S-2-(N,N-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothiolate (EA-2192), a highly toxic degradation marker of the nerve agent VX, has been reported to resist trimethylsilylation or to result in an unacceptably high limit of detection in GC-MS analysis. In the present study, the problem is demonstrated to be associated with the presence of salt, which hinders trimethysilylation. EA-2192 was extracted from aqueous samples by use of a strong anion-exchange disk, derivatized as a trimethylsilyl derivative via in vial solid-phase trimethylsilylation and identified by GC-MS. The limits of detection were 10ng/mL and 100ng/mL (in a water sample) for SIM and SCAN mode respectively. The analytical method was found to be repeatable with relative standard deviation <10%. The performance of the method was evaluated using a proficiency test sample and environmental samples (spiked river water and Baltic Bay water) and compared with the commonly used evaporation-silylation method. The disk method displayed good tolerance to the presence of salt and the spiked EA-2192 was conclusively identified in all matrices. In addition, the applicability of the method was further demonstrated for other selected hydrolysis products of VX and Russian VX, namely S-2-(N,N-diethylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothiolate, ethyl methylphosphonic acid, methylphosphonic acid, and isobutyl methylphosphonic acid. For the synthesis of reference compounds, EA-2192 and its analog from degradation of the Russian VX isomer, the present methods were improved by using a polymer-bound base, resulting in >90% purity based on (1)H NMR. Based on the current results and earlier work on alkylphosphonic acids using the same method, we conclude that the method is a viable choice for the simultaneous determination of a wide range of degradation products of nerve agents - zwitterionic, monoacid, diacid, and monothioacid chemicals - with excellent performance.
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| 10. |
- Subramaniam, Raja, et al.
(författare)
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Direct derivatization and rapid GC-MS screening of nerve agent markers in aqueous samples
- 2010
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 82:17, s. 7452-7459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A rapid screening and identification method based on derivatization and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been developed for the detection of alkylphosphonic acids (APAs), the degradation products of organophosphorus nerve agents. The novel method described involves rapid (5 min) and direct derivatization of 25 muL aqueous sample using highly fluorinated phenyldiazomethane reagents (e.g., 1-(diazomethyl)-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene). The APA derivatives are then screened by GC-MS negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) and identified by electron ionization (EI) mode. The conditions for the derivatization were optimized using statistical experimental design and multivariate data analysis. Method robustness was evaluated using aqueous samples from an official OPCW Proficiency Test and all APAs present in the sample were conclusively identified. Limits of detection for rapid screening using SIM NICI were between 5 and 10 ng/mL APA in aqueous sample, and for identification using full scan EI 100 ng/mL.
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