| 1. |
- Vogelezang, Suzanne, et al.
(författare)
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Novel loci for childhood body mass index and shared heritability with adult cardiometabolic traits.
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 16:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetic background of childhood body mass index (BMI), and the extent to which the well-known associations of childhood BMI with adult diseases are explained by shared genetic factors, are largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of BMI in 61,111 children aged between 2 and 10 years. Twenty-five independent loci reached genome-wide significance in the combined discovery and replication analyses. Two of these, located near NEDD4L and SLC45A3, have not previously been reported in relation to either childhood or adult BMI. Positive genetic correlations of childhood BMI with birth weight and adult BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure and type 2 diabetes were detected (Rg ranging from 0.11 to 0.76, P-values <0.002). A negative genetic correlation of childhood BMI with age at menarche was observed. Our results suggest that the biological processes underlying childhood BMI largely, but not completely, overlap with those underlying adult BMI. The well-known observational associations of BMI in childhood with cardio-metabolic diseases in adulthood may reflect partial genetic overlap, but in light of previous evidence, it is also likely that they are explained through phenotypic continuity of BMI from childhood into adulthood.
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| 2. |
- Bader, Martin K.-F., et al.
(författare)
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Less pronounced drought responses in ring-porous than in diffuse-porous temperate tree species
- 2022
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Ingår i: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. - : Elsevier. - 0168-1923 .- 1873-2240. ; 327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tree species differ in their physiological responses to drought, but the underlying causes are often unclear. Here we explored responses of radial growth to centennial drought events and sap flow (Fs) to seasonal drought in four mixed forests on either moist or drier sites in northwestern Switzerland. While the diffuse-porous species (Fagus sylvatica, Prunus avium, Tilia platyphyllos) showed marked growth reductions in 1976 and 2003, two known marker years for severe drought, growth of the two ring-porous species (Quercus petraea and Fraxinus excelsior) was less severely affected. During a dry early to midsummer, diffuse-porous species strongly reduced Fs at the two drier sites but not (or less so) at the two moister sites. Regardless of soil moisture availability, the deep- rooting, ring-porous trees invariably down-regulated Fs to 60–70% of their maxima in response to vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and maintained similar fluxes across sites, irrespective of upper soil moisture conditions. A generalised additive model of normalised Fs as a function of VPD and soil matric potential yielded a drought- sensitivity ranking of Fs led by the two insensitive ring-porous species followed by the diffuse-porous trees (ordered by increasing sensitivity: Fraxinus excelsior < Quercus petraea < Prunus avium < Acer pseudoplatanus < Fagus sylvatica < Tilia platyphyllos). In conclusion, ring-porous tree species exhibited stronger VPD-driven stomatal control over Fs, and tree-ring formation was less sensitive to severe drought than in their neighbouring diffuse-porous species. The Fs regulation explained the greater drought tolerance of the ring-porous trees.
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| 3. |
- Demichev, Vadim, et al.
(författare)
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A time-resolved proteomic and prognostic map of COVID-19
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cell Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4712 .- 2405-4720. ; 12:8, s. 780-794.e7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- COVID-19 is highly variable in its clinical presentation, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe organ damage and death. We characterized the time-dependent progression of the disease in 139 COVID-19 inpatients by measuring 86 accredited diagnostic parameters, such as blood cell counts and enzyme activities, as well as untargeted plasma proteomes at 687 sampling points. We report an initial spike in a systemic inflammatory response, which is gradually alleviated and followed by a protein signature indicative of tissue repair, metabolic reconstitution, and immunomodulation. We identify prognostic marker signatures for devising risk-adapted treatment strategies and use machine learning to classify therapeutic needs. We show that the machine learning models based on the proteome are transferable to an independent cohort. Our study presents a map linking routinely used clinical diagnostic parameters to plasma proteomes and their dynamics in an infectious disease.
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| 4. |
- Franco, Antonio, et al.
(författare)
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Load Reduction for Timely Applications in the Cloud
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Networking Letters. - 2576-3156. ; 3:3, s. 142-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many IoT applications, sensor data is sent remotely to be processed, but only the freshest result is of interest. In this paper we investigate a feedback mechanism that aborts the processing of stale data at the remote end to reduce the load and save costs. The process is approximated by an M/M/∞ queueing system with a feedback loop. We find the exact expression of the average computational time saved and show that with the feedback loop in place the computation time per CPU can be cut up to 25%, making the technique very promising.
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| 5. |
- Franco, Antonio, et al.
(författare)
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Statistical guarantee of timeliness in networks of IoT devices
- 2022
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Ingår i: Telecommunication Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-4864 .- 1572-9451.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, has opened up the possibility of using the ubiquity of small devices to route information without the necessity of being connected to a Wide Area Network (WAN). Use cases of IoT devices sending updates that are routed and delivered by other IoT devices have been proposed in the literature. In this paper we focus on receivers only interested in the freshest updates from the sending device. In particular, the dynamic network created by routing/gossiping through small devices creates the possibility of delivering updates out of order. Thus, the entire process can be studied well through a queueing system with infinitely many servers, all serving updates with a random service time. Age of Information (AoI) was proposed as the main metric to measure information freshness. We study the amount of time that the AoI is over a certain threshold at the receiver end as a Quality of Service (QoS) measure, called update outage probability. Particularly, given the recent interest in the literature for time domain analysis of the AoI, we obtain the exact expressions for the AoI, peak AoI (pAoI), effective service time and effective departure time distributions for an M/M/∞ queuing system from a time domain perspective, and study the interdependence between the various parameters involved in order to satisfy a given statistical constraint on timeliness.
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| 6. |
- Jones, Benedict C, et al.
(författare)
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To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3374. ; 5:1, s. 159-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1 .
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| 7. |
- Nidens, N., et al.
(författare)
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Associations of prenatal exposure to phthalates and one phthalate substitute with anthropometric measures in early life : Results from the German LIFE Child cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Baillière's Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : Bailliere Tindall Ltd. - 1521-690X .- 1532-1908. ; 35:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to phthalates is widespread and especially early life stages represent a critical window of exposure. In the present study, we investigated the effect of prenatal exposure to phthalates on birth outcomes and weight development in early life. In 130 mother–child pairs, we estimated the association of concentrations of 13 phthalates in spot-urine samples collected during pregnancy and birth outcomes and weight gain in the first two years of life using robust linear regression. High molecular weight phthalates were inversely associated with birth weight in girls but not in boys. Thus, prenatal exposure to phthalates may affect birth weight in a sex-specific manner.
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| 8. |
- Rog, Ido, et al.
(författare)
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Share the wealth : Trees with greater ectomycorrhizal species overlap share more carbon
- 2020
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 29:13, s. 2321-2333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mutualistic symbiosis between forest trees and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) is among the most ubiquitous and successful interactions in terrestrial ecosystems. Specific species of EMF are known to colonize specific tree species, benefitting from their carbon source, and in turn, improving their access to soil water and nutrients. EMF also form extensive mycelial networks that can link multiple root-tips of different trees. Yet the number of tree species connected by such mycelial networks, and the traffic of material across them, are just now under study. Recently we reported substantial belowground carbon transfer between Picea, Pinus, Larix and Fagus trees in a mature forest. Here, we analyze the EMF community of these same individual trees and identify the most likely taxa responsible for the observed carbon transfer. Among the nearly 1,200 EMF root-tips examined, 50%–70% belong to operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were associated with three or four tree host species, and 90% of all OTUs were associated with at least two tree species. Sporocarp 13C signals indicated that carbon originating from labelled Picea trees was transferred among trees through EMF networks. Interestingly, phylogenetically more closely related tree species exhibited more similar EMF communities and exchanged more carbon. Our results show that belowground carbon transfer is well orchestrated by the evolution of EMFs and tree symbiosis.
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| 9. |
- Walker, Anthony P., et al.
(författare)
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Integrating the evidence for a terrestrial carbon sink caused by increasing atmospheric CO2
- 2021
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 229:5, s. 2413-2445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) is increasing, which increases leaf‐scale photosynthesis and intrinsic water‐use efficiency. These direct responses have the potential to increase plant growth, vegetation biomass, and soil organic matter; transferring carbon from the atmosphere into terrestrial ecosystems (a carbon sink). A substantial global terrestrial carbon sink would slow the rate of [CO2] increase and thus climate change. However, ecosystem CO2 responses are complex or confounded by concurrent changes in multiple agents of global change and evidence for a [CO2]‐driven terrestrial carbon sink can appear contradictory. Here we synthesize theory and broad, multidisciplinary evidence for the effects of increasing [CO2] (iCO2) on the global terrestrial carbon sink. Evidence suggests a substantial increase in global photosynthesis since pre‐industrial times. Established theory, supported by experiments, indicates that iCO2 is likely responsible for about half of the increase. Global carbon budgeting, atmospheric data, and forest inventories indicate a historical carbon sink, and these apparent iCO2 responses are high in comparison to experiments and predictions from theory. Plant mortality and soil carbon iCO2 responses are highly uncertain. In conclusion, a range of evidence supports a positive terrestrial carbon sink in response to iCO2, albeit with uncertain magnitude and strong suggestion of a role for additional agents of global change.
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