| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Kashem, M A, et al.
(författare)
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Performances of two commercially available Newcastle disease vaccines in Bangladesh : A case-control study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Bangladesh journal of microbiology. - 1011-9981. ; 28:2, s. 88-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study was conducted to test the performances of two commercially available live vaccines named BCRDV1 (VG/GA strain) and BCRDV2 (F-strain). A total of 90 day-old broiler birds were divided into three different groups and the serum samples were collected at day 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35; mean±SD of Haemgglutination Inhibition (HI) titres (log2) were found as 8±0.00, 7.2±0.89, 6.1±0.9, 7.1±0.75, 5.7±0.72, 4.1±0.68 and 8±0.00, 6.0±0.76, 4.8±0.81, 5.8±0.83, 4.9±0.86, 3.8±0.77 in group I and group II respectively, which was significant (P< 0.01). In control (group III) the mean±SD was found to be 8±0.00, 5.8±0.87, 4.9±0.69, 4.1±0.48, 3.0±0.56 and <2±0 respectively. The titres of control group infer that the maternal antibody usually had a tendency to decline and may pose a risk of infection. In protection test, 100% mortality were found in control group (III) but in group I and group II the mortality of birds were 6.67% and 10%, respectively. The analysis of HI titres with the target to determine the performance of two vaccines revealed that BCRDV1 vaccinated groups was able to maintain significantly higher HI titres than BCRDV2 vaccinated group. Key Words: BCRDV, HI test, Newcastle disease, Broiler birds
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| 3. |
- Rahman, Mohammad A., et al.
(författare)
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Reaction of tri(2-furyl)phosphine with triosmium clusters: C-H and P-C activation to afford furyne and phosphinidene ligands
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-328X. ; 696:2, s. 607-612
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Addition of tri(2-furyl)phosphine. PFu(3), to [Os-3(CO)(10)(mu-H)(2)] at room temperature gives [HOs3(CO)(10)(PFu(3)) (mu-H)] (1), while in refluxing toluene the same reactants afford [Os-3(CO)(9)(mu(3)-PFu(2)(C4H2O))(mu-H)] (2) resulting from orthometallatation of a furyl ring. Reaction of PFu(3) with [Os-3(CO)(10-n)(NCMe)n] (n = 0, 1, 2) affords the substituted clusters [Os-3(CO)(12-n)(PFu(3))(n)] (n = 1-3) (3-5), the phosphine ligands occupying equatorial position in all cases. Heating [Os-3(CO)(11)(PFu(3))] (3) in refluxing octane gives [Os-3(CO)(9)(mu(3)-PFu)(mu(3)-eta(2)-C4H2O)] (6) which results from both carbon-hydrogen and carbon-phosphorus bond activation and contains both mu(3)-eta(2)-furyne and furylphosphinidene ligands. All new clusters have been characterized by spectroscopic methods together with single crystal X-ray diffraction for 2,3 and 6. (c) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 4. |
- Ghosh, Shishir, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon-hydrogen bond activation of phenyldi(2-thienyl)phosphine at a triosmium cluster centre
- 2010
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Ingår i: Inorganica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1693. ; 363:7, s. 1611-1614
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phenyldi(2-thienyl)phosphine (PhPTh2) complexes [Os-3(CO)(12-n)(PhPTh2)(n)] (n = 1-3) (1-3) have been prepared. Thermolysis of 1 and either 2 or 3 in octane affords carbon-hydrogen bond activation products [Os-3(CO)(9){mu(3)-PPhTh(C4H2S)}(mu-H)] (4) and [Os-3(CO)(8)(PPhTh2){mu(3)-PPhTh(C4H2S)}(mu-H)] (5), respectively. Both exist as isomeric mixtures differing in the relative positions of phenyl and thienyl substituents with respect to the triosmium centre. The nature of the process has been confirmed by a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 4. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Ghosh, Shishir, et al.
(författare)
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Unsymmetrical alkyne binding to a triruthenium centre: Oxidative-addition of diphenyl ditelluride to the furyne cluster [Ru-3(CO)(7)(mu-H)(mu(3)-eta(2)-C4H2O){mu-P(C4H3O)(2)}(mu-dppm)]
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-328X. ; 696:10, s. 1982-1989
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxidative-addition of PhTe2Ph to the furyne cluster [Ru-3(CO)(7)(mu-H)(mu(3)-eta(2)-C4H2O){mu-P(C4H3O)(2)}(mu-dppm)] (1) results in the isolation of four complexes; (i) the previously reported 54-electron cluster [Ru-3(CO)(6)(mu(3)-Te)(2)(mu-TePh)(2)(mu-dppm)] (5) which results from elimination of trifuryl phosphine, (ii) the furenyl cluster [Ru-3(CO)(5)(mu-eta(2)-C4H3O){mu-P(C4H3O)(2)}(mu-TePh)(2)(mu-dppm)] (6) which results from carbon-hydrogen bond formation and (iii) two new 50-electron complexes [Ru-3(CO)(5)(mu-H)(mu(3)-eta(2)-C4H2O){mu-P(C4H3O)(2)}(mu-TePh)(2)(kappa (2)-dppm)] (7) and [Ru-3(CO)(4)(mu-H){P(C4H3O)(3)}(mu(3)-eta(2)-C4H2O){mu-P(C4H3O)(2)}(mu-T ePh)(2)(kappa(2)-dppm)] (8) both containing unsymmetrical furyne ligands. The structures of all the new compounds have been unambiguously established by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Further reactivity studies have provided a clear understanding of the relative sequence of the key oxidative-addition and reductive-elimination processes, showing that 6 is an intermediate in the formation of 7. DFT calculations have been used to shed light on the unsymmetrical binding of the furyne ligand in 7 and also to show that the adopted position of the heteroatom within the furyne ring can vary within complexes of this type. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Hossain, Kamal, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of [Ru-3(CO)(9)(mu-dppf){P(C4H3E)(3)}] (E = O, S) and thermally induced cyclometalation to form [(mu-H)Ru-3(CO)(7)(mu-dppf){mu(3)-( C4H3E)(2)P(C4H2E)}] (dppf=1,1 '-bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-328X. ; 760, s. 231-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new clusters [Ru-3(CO)(9)(mu-dppf){P(C4H3E)(3)}] (1, E = O; 2, E = S) have been prepared from the Me3NO-induced decarbonylation of [Ru-3(CO)(10)(mu-dppf)] in the presence of PFu(3) (E = O) and PTh3 (E = S), respectively. Upon thermolysis in benzene, the major products are the cyclometalated clusters [(mu-H) Ru-3(CO)(7)(mu-dppf){mu(3)-(C4H3E)(2)P(C4H2E)}] (3, E - O; 4, E - S). This thermolytic behavior is in marked contrast to that previously noted for the analogous bis(diphenylphosphino) methane (dppm) complexes [Ru-3(CO)(9)(mu-dppm){P(C4H3E)(3)}], in which both carbon-hydrogen and carbon-phosphorus bond activation yields furyne- and thiophyne-capped clusters. The crystal structures of 1, 3 and 4 are presented and reveal that phosphine migration has occurred during the transformation of 1,2 into 3,4, respectively. The possible relation of the observed reactivity to the relative flexibilities of the diphosphine ligands is discussed. Density functional calculations have been performed on the model cluster [Ru-3(CO)(9)(mu-Me-4-dppf){ P(C4H3O)(3)]}], and these data are discussed relative to the ground-state energy differences extant between the different isomeric forms of this cluster. The dynamic NMR behavior displayed by the metalated thienyl ring in cluster 4 has also been investigated by computational methods, and the free energy of activation for the "windshield wiper" motion of the activated thienyl moiety determined. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Khan, Ashraful Islam, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of exclusive breastfeeding intervention on child growth and body composition : the MINIMat trial, Bangladesh
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 102:8, s. 815-823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM:Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for 6 months is recommended for optimal infant health, but the evidence for longer-term impacts is weak. We examined whether randomization to receive EBF counselling (BFC) in rural Bangladeshi women had an impact on childhood growth trajectories and body composition.METHODS:In the Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab trial, 4436 pregnant women were randomized to six equally sized, food and micronutrient groups. Of these, 3214 were randomized during the last trimester of pregnancy to receive either BFC or the usual/standard health message (UHM). Their infants were extensively followed up, with anthropometric measurements between 0 and 54 months and assessment of body composition at 54 months.RESULTS:The mean duration of EBF in the BFC group was 111 days compared to 76 days in the UHM group (mean difference: 35.0 days, 95% CI 30.6-39.5, p < 0.001). There was no difference in growth trajectories between the BFC and UHM groups and no difference in body composition at 54 months. Children exposed to prenatal multiple micronutrients (vs 60 mg iron and folate) combined with BFC (vs UHM), however, had slower linear growth (mean difference -0.17 SD score, p < 0.01).CONCLUSION:Exclusive breastfeeding counselling resulted in neither differential growth trajectories in infancy and childhood, nor body composition differences at 54 months. The combination of prenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) and BFC was unfavourable for linear growth during 0-54 months, which raises questions about possible negative effects of MMS.
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| 8. |
- Khan, Ashraful Islam, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child growth from birth to 54 months of age : a randomized trial in Bangladesh
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 10, s. 134-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is a lack of information on the optimal timing of food supplementation to malnourished pregnant women and possible combined effects of food and multiple micronutrient supplementations (MMS) on their offspring's growth. We evaluated the effects of prenatal food and micronutrient interventions on postnatal child growth. The hypothesis was that prenatal MMS and early invitation to food supplementation would increase physical growth in the offspring during 0-54 months and a combination of these interventions would further improve these outcomes. METHODS: In the large, randomized MINIMat trial (Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab), Bangladesh, 4436 pregnant women were enrolled between November 2001 and October 2003 and their children were followed until March 2009. Participants were randomized into six groups comprising 30 mg Fe and 400 ug folic acid (Fe30F), 60 mg Fe and 400 ug folic acid (Fe60F) or MMS combined with either an early (immediately after identification of pregnancy) or a later usual (at the time of their choosing, i.e., usual care in this community) program invitation to food supplementation. The anthropometry of 3267 children was followed from birth to 54 months, and 2735 children were available for analysis at 54 months. RESULTS: There were no differences in characteristics of mothers and households among the different intervention groups. The average birth weight was 2694 g and birth length was 47.7 cm, with no difference among intervention groups. Early invitation to food supplementation (in comparison with usual invitation) reduced the proportion of stunting from early infancy up to 54 months for boys (p=0.01), but not for girls (p=0.31). MMS resulted in more stunting than standard Fe60F (p=0.02). There was no interaction between the food and micronutrient supplementation on the growth outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Early food supplementation in pregnancy reduced the occurrence of stunting during 0-54 months in boys, but not in girls, and prenatal MMS increased the proportion of stunting in boys. These effects on postnatal growth suggest programming effects in early fetal life. The study is registered as an International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN16581394.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Kõljalg, Urmas, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a unified paradigm for sequence-based identification of fungi.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Molecular ecology. - : Wiley. - 1365-294X .- 0962-1083. ; 22:21, s. 5271-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region is the formal fungal barcode and in most cases the marker of choice for the exploration of fungal diversity in environmental samples. Two problems are particularly acute in the pursuit of satisfactory taxonomic assignment of newly generated ITS sequences: (i) the lack of an inclusive, reliable public reference data set and (ii) the lack of means to refer to fungal species, for which no Latin name is available in a standardized stable way. Here, we report on progress in these regards through further development of the UNITE database (http://unite.ut.ee) for molecular identification of fungi. All fungal species represented by at least two ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are now given a unique, stable name of the accession number type (e.g. Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus|GU586904|SH133781.05FU), and their taxonomic and ecological annotations were corrected as far as possible through a distributed, third-party annotation effort. We introduce the term 'species hypothesis' (SH) for the taxa discovered in clustering on different similarity thresholds (97-99%). An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These reference sequences are released (http://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and in the QIIME pipeline. The system and the data will be updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows. We invite everybody in the position to improve the annotation or metadata associated with their particular fungal lineages of expertise to do so through the new Web-based sequence management system in UNITE.
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