| 1. |
- Ambrosio, Fabrisia, et al.
(författare)
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Biological basis of exercise-based treatments for musculoskeletal conditions
- 2011
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Ingår i: PM&R. - : Elsevier. - 1934-1482 .- 1934-1563. ; 3:6 Suppl 1, s. S59-S63
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exercise-based therapies are the cornerstone of rehabilitation programs. While the benefits of exercise on systemic and tissue function are generally accepted, mechanisms underlying these benefits are sometimes poorly understood. An improved understanding of the effects of mechanical loading on molecular and cellular processes has the potential to lead to more disease-specific and efficacious exercise-based therapies. The purpose of this paper is to review the current literature examining the role of mechanical signaling on muscle and cartilage biology.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Active recovery training does not affect the antioxidant response to soccer games in elite female players
- 2010
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 104:10, s. 1492-1499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in plasma endogenous and dietary antioxidants and oxidative stress markers were studied following two 90 min elite female soccer games separated by 72 h of either active or passive recovery. The active recovery group (n 8) trained for 1 h at 22 and 46 h after the first game (low-intensity cycling and resistance training), while the passive group rested (n 8). Blood samples were taken before the games; immediately after the games; 21, 45 and 69 h after the first game; and immediately after the second game. The oxidative stress markers and antioxidants were not affected by active recovery. The oxidative stress marker GSSG increased by the same extent after both the games, while the lipid peroxidation marker diacron-reactive oxygen metabolite remained unchanged. The endogenous antioxidants total glutathione and uric acid and ferric reducing/antioxidant power increased immediately after both the games with the same amplitude, while increases in cysteine, cysteine-glycine and total thiols reached significant levels only after the second game. The changes in dietary antioxidants after the first game were either rapid and persistent (tocopherols and ascorbic acid (AA) increased; polyphenols decreased) or delayed (carotenoids). This resulted in high pre-second game levels of tocopherols, AA and carotenoids. Polyphenols returned to baseline at 69 h, and were not affected by the second game. In conclusion, the soccer-associated dietary antioxidant defence, but not the endogenous antioxidant defence, is persistent. Similar acute oxidative stress and endogenous antioxidant responses and dissimilar dietary antioxidant reactions occur during two repeated female soccer games. Finally, the complex antioxidant response to soccer is not affected by active recovery training.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Helena M., et al.
(författare)
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Differences in the inflammatory plasma cytokine response following two elite female soccer games separated by a 72-h recovery
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - Malden, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 20:5, s. 740-747
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated changes in a large battery of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in elite female soccer players following two 90-min games separated by a 72-h active or passive recovery. Blood samples were taken from 10 players before, within 15-20 min, 21, 45 and 69 h after the first game and within 15-20 min after the second game. The leukocyte count was analyzed, together with several plasma pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, using a multiplex bead array system. After the first and second game, the total leukocytes and neutrophils increased significantly. Likewise, increases (P<0.05) in pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (INF-gamma), IL-17], chemokines [monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-8 and monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG)], anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2R, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-10, IL-13, INF-alpha) and the mixed cytokine IL-6 were observed. Leukocyte and cytokine levels were normalized within 21 h. Active recovery (low-intensity exercises) did not affect the cytokine responses. A dampened cytokine response was observed after the second game as only IL-12, IL-6, MCP-1, IL-8 and MIG increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, a robust pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response occurs after the first but not the second soccer game. The implications of the dampened cytokine response in female players after the second game are unknown.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Helena M., et al.
(författare)
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Plasma antioxidant responses and oxidative stress following a soccer game in elite female players
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - Malden, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 20:4, s. 600-608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to investigate markers of oxidative stress and levels of endogenous and dietary antioxidants in 16 elite female soccer players in response to a 90-min game (average intensity 82+/-3% HRpeak). Blood samples were taken before, immediately and 21 h after the game. Plasma-oxidized glutathione, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) and lipid peroxidation measured by d-ROMs were used as markers of oxidative stress. Plasma endogenous [uric acid, total glutathione (TGSH)] and dietary antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, total carotenoids and polyphenols) were analyzed using liquid chromatography and the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Exercise induced an acute increase (P<0.05) in GSSG, uric acid, TGSH, alpha-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid. In parallel, the GSH:GSSG ratio and polyphenols decreased (P<0.05). GSSG, GSH:GSSG ratio, uric acid, TGSH, and ascorbic acid returned to baseline at 21 h, while polyphenols and alpha-tocopherol remained altered. Total carotenoids increased above baseline only at 21 h (P<0.05). Lipid peroxidation, measured by d-ROMs, remained unchanged throughout the study. Thus, intermittent exercise in well-trained female athletes induces a transient increase in GSSG and a decrease in the GSH:GSSG ratio, which is effectively balanced by the recruitment of both endogenous and dietary antioxidants, resulting in the absence of lipid peroxidation measured by d-ROMs.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Helena M., 1973-
(författare)
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The physiological impact of soccer on elite female players and the effects of active recovery training
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Female soccer is becoming more popular and professional in the world. There are, however, limited scientific data available on how elite female players respond to physical stress during soccer games. An effective recovery strategy following a game is important, because there are few recovery days between the games in international tournaments. The present thesis, which was designed to mirror a competitive situation, aimed to investigate changes in several physiological systems occurring in female elite players in response to two soccer games. It also aimed to investigate the effects of active recovery training on the recovery of several physiological systems. METHODS: Two elite female soccer teams played two 90-min games separated by 72 h active or passive recovery. The active recovery training (cycling at 60% HRpeak, resistance training at <50% 1RM) lasted one hour and was performed 22 and 46 h after the first game. Countermovement jump (CMJ), 20-m sprint time and isokinetic knee strength were measured before, immediately, 5, 21, 45, 51, and 69 h after the first game, and immediately after the second game. The physical stress markers (CK, urea), oxidative stress markers (e.g., GSSG, lipid peroxidation), endogenous (e.g., UA, thiols) and dietary antioxidants (e.g., tocopherols, carotenoids) and a large battery of cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α) were analysed in blood. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in the performance parameters, oxidative stress and antioxidant levels or inflammatory response between the active and passive recovery groups. Sprint and isokinetic knee strength were reduced by the same extent after both games. CMJ decreased after the first game and remained reduced throughout the study period. Blood physical stress markers, GSSG and endogenous antioxidants increased with similar amplitude after both games together with unchanged lipid peroxidation. The dietary antioxidants showed either a rapid and persistent change (e.g., tocopherols) or a delayed rise (carotenoids) after the first game. A transient increase occurred in several pro- (e.g., IL-12, TNF-a, MCP-1), anti-inflammatory (e.g., IL-4, IL-10, INF-a) and mixed (IL-6) cytokines after the first game. Fewer cytokines increased in response to the second game. CONCLUSION: Two repeated elite female soccer games separated by 72 h induced similar acute changes in several physiological parameters. After the first game, differences in the recovery pattern of the neuromuscular parameters occurred. In particular, the slow recovery of CMJ indicates that special attention should be devoted to the training of explosive force. Furthermore, the recruitment of antioxidants in response to the transient increase in GSSG resulted in the maintenance of the redox-balance in female players. Similarly, a strong and balanced pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response occurred after one single female soccer game. The consequences of the dampened cytokine response during repeated soccer games are, however, unknown. In general, the majority of the parameters had recovered prior to the second game and the physiological alterations induced by the first game did not affect the performance of players in the second game. Finally, active recovery training conducted after a soccer game does not accelerate the recovery time for neuromuscular, oxidative stress, antioxidant and inflammatory responses in elite female players.
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| 6. |
- Bankole, Landry-Cyrille, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Fibre type-specific satellite cell content in two models of muscle disease
- 2013
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Ingår i: Histopathology. - : Wiley. - 0309-0167 .- 1365-2559. ; 63:6, s. 826-832
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Muscle satellite cells (SCs) are responsible for the regenerative events following muscle fibre injury. This study aimed to improve our understanding of SC behaviour in two models of muscle disorder with different pathological mechanisms and onset of disease.Methods and results: Pax7(+)SC content was assessed in types I and II fibres of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD; n=9; age 132years), polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM; n=9; age 52 +/- 12years) and in controls (n=5; age 26 +/- 5years). Pax7(+)SCs number in type I and II fibres was higher (P<0.05) in DMD and in PM/DM compared to controls. Type I fibres were associated with a higher number of Pax7(+)SCs compared to type II fibres only in DMD; Pax7(+)SCs number in type I fibres was about threefold higher in DMD compared to PM/DM (P<0.05). In DMD, Pax7(+)SC content in small regenerating fibres (0.09 +/- 0.09 SCs/fibre) was similar to that in fibres from healthy skeletal muscle. The proportion of activated SCs (Ki-67(+)SCs) was fivefold lower in DMD (0.4 +/- 0.4%) compared to PM/DM (2.8 +/- 2%). Pax7(+) cells located outside the basal lamina were observed in DMD muscles only.Conclusion: The capacity to generate new SCs is increased even in severely impaired muscles and a fibre type-specific enhancement of SC occurs in type I muscle fibres in DMD.
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| 7. |
- Eliason, Gabriella, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Alterations in the muscle-to-capillary interface in patients with different degrees of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- 2010
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Ingår i: Respiratory Research. - London, United Kingdom : BioMed Central. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is hypothesized that decreased capillarization of limb skeletal muscle is implicated in the decreased exercise tolerance in COPD patients. We have recently demonstrated decreased number of capillaries per muscle fibre (CAF) but no changes in CAF in relation to fibre area (CAFA), which is based on the diffusion distance between the capillary and muscle fibre. The aim of the current study is to investigate the muscle-to-capillary interface which is an important factor involved in oxygen supply to the muscle that has previously been suggested to be a more sensitive marker for changes in the capillary bed compared to CAF and CAFA.Methods: 23 COPD patients and 12 age-matched healthy subjects participated in the study. Muscle-to-capillary interface was assessed in muscle biopsies from the tibialis anterior muscle using the following parameters:1) The capillary-to-fibre ratio (C:Fi) which is defined as the sum of the fractional contributions of all capillary contacts around the fibre2) The ratio between C:Fi and the fibre perimeter (CFPE-index)3) The ratio between length of capillary and fibre perimeter (LC/PF) which is also referred to as the index of tortuosity.Exercise capacity was determined using the 6-min walking test. Results: A positive correlation was found between CFPE-index and ascending disease severity with CFPE-index for type I fibres being significantly lower in patients with moderate and severe COPD. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between exercise capacity and CFPE-index for both type I and type IIa fibres.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the muscle-to-capillary interface is disturbed in the tibialis anterior muscle in patients with COPD and that interface is strongly correlated to increased disease severity and to decreased exercise capacity in this patient group.
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| 8. |
- Feasson, L., et al.
(författare)
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Exercise therapy and myopathies
- 2010
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Ingår i: Revue neurologique (Paris). - : Elsevier BV. - 0035-3787 .- 2213-0004. ; 166:3, s. 269-278
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the first consensus papers published early in the 2000s, a growing number of recent publications has shown that adapted physical activity is not only safe in the context of myopathy but also potentially effective as a therapeutic tool. After a short recall of the different exercise modalities, the mechanical strain they induce and the expected muscular benefits, the present paper reviews the different studies related to exercise therapy in myopathic patients and provides a critical analysis of the topic. Myopathies are rare diseases with many different etiologies and a large number of training modalities which could be useful for the different muscular challenges have been proposed. We have chosen to focus on several specific training modalities and to discuss the results from the most recent papers. The purpose of this review is to, firstly, update physical training guidelines for patients with myopathy and, secondly, highlight some common pitfalls associated with this strategy. This is particularly important for medical and allied professionals involved in prescribing and managing exercise therapy protocols. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Folkesson, Mattias, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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The expression of heat shock protein in human skeletal muscle : effects of muscle fibre phenotype and training background
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 209:1, s. 26-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Exercise-induced adaptations of skeletal muscle are related to training mode and can be muscle fibre type specific. This study aimed to investigate heat shock protein expression in type I and type II muscle fibres in resting skeletal muscle of subjects with different training backgrounds.Methods: Three groups of subjects were included: healthy active not engaged in any training programme (ACT, n = 12), resistance trained (RES, n = 6) and endurance trained (END, n = 8). Biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis, and immunohistochemistry was performed using monoclonal antibodies against myosin heavy chain I and IIA, αB-crystallin, HSP27, HSP60 and HSP70.Results: In ACT and RES, but not in END, a fibre type–specific expression with higher staining intensity in type I than type II fibres was seen for αB-crystallin. The opposite (II > I) was found for HSP27 in subjects from ACT (6 of 12 subjects) and RES (3 of 6), whereas all subjects from END displayed uniform staining. HSP60 showed no fibre-specific expression. HSP70 displayed a fibre-specific expression pattern (I > II) in ACT (4 of 12), but not in END or RES.Conclusion: This study shows that the level of expression of the different HSPs in human skeletal muscle is influenced by muscle fibre phenotype. The fibre type–specific expression of HSP70 is influenced by resistance and endurance training, whereas those of αB-crystallin and HSP27 is influenced only by endurance training, suggesting the existence of a training-modality-specific action on the adaptive processes including heat shock proteins in human skeletal muscle.
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| 10. |
- Hanssen, K. E., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of strength training volume on satellite cells, myogenic regulatory factors, and growth factors
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 23:6, s. 728-739
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this work was to study the effect of training volume on activation of satellite cells. Healthy untrained men were randomly assigned into two groups. The 3L-1UB group (n = 10) performed three-set leg exercises and single-set upper body exercises, and the 1L-3UB group (n = 11) performed single-set leg exercises and three-set upper body exercises. Both groups performed three sessions (80-90 min) per week for 11 weeks. Biopsies were taken from m. vastus lateralis and m. trapezius. The number of satellite cells, satellite cells positive for myogenin and MyoD, and the number of myonuclei were counted. Homogenized muscle was analyzed for myogenin and MyoD, and extracted ribonucleic acid (RNA) was monitored for selected growth factor transcripts. Knee extensor strength increased more in the 3L-1UB group than in the 1L-3UB group (48 ± 4% vs 29 ± 4%), whereas the strength gain in shoulder press was similar in both training groups. The number of satellite cells in m. vastus lateralis increased more in the 3L-1UB group than in the 1L-3UB group. The number of myonuclei increased similarly in both groups. The messenger RNA expression of growth factors peaked after 2 weeks of training. In conclusion, increasing training volume enhanced satellite cell numbers in the leg muscle, but not in the upper body muscle.
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