| 1. |
- Felton, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Correction to: Keeping pace with forestry : Multi-scale conservation in a changing production forest matrix (vol 49, pg 1050, 2020)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 49:5, s. 1065-1066
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the original published article, the sentence “Nevertheless, semi-natural forest remnants continue to be harvested and fragmented (Svensson et al. 2018; Jonsson et al. 2019), and over 2000 forest-associated species (of 15 000 assessed) are listed as threatened on Sweden’s red-list, largely represented by macro-fungi, beetles, lichens and butterflies (Sandström 2015).”under the section Introduction was incorrect. The correct version of the sentence is “Nevertheless, semi-natural forest remnants continue to be harvested and fragmented (Svensson et al. 2018; Jonsson et al. 2019), and approximately 2000 forest-associated species (of 15 000 assessed) are on Sweden’s red-list, largely represented by macro-fungi, beetles, lichens and butterflies (Sandström 2015).”
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| 2. |
- Felton, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Keeping pace with forestry : Multi-scale conservation in a changing production forest matrix
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 49:5, s. 1050-1064
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The multi-scale approach to conserving forest biodiversity has been used in Sweden since the 1980s, a period defined by increased reserve area and conservation actions within production forests. However, two thousand forest-associated species remain on Sweden's red-list, and Sweden's 2020 goals for sustainable forests are not being met. We argue that ongoing changes in the production forest matrix require more consideration, and that multi-scale conservation must be adapted to, and integrated with, production forest development. To make this case, we summarize trends in habitat provision by Sweden's protected and production forests, and the variety of ways silviculture can affect biodiversity. We discuss how different forestry trajectories affect the type and extent of conservation approaches needed to secure biodiversity, and suggest leverage points for aiding the adoption of diversified silviculture. Sweden's long-term experience with multi-scale conservation and intensive forestry provides insights for other countries trying to conserve species within production landscapes.
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| 3. |
- Juvany, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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From simple metrics to cervid forage : Improving predictions of ericaceous shrub biomass
- 2023
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Common understory vegetation species such as the ericaceous shrubs bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), cowberry (V. vitis-idaea) and heather (Calluna vulgaris), are key forage plant species for moose and other large herbivores, as well as fulfilling many additional ecosystem functions and services. Here we developed models to predict above-ground biomass of these ericaceous species in coniferous forests, using data on their percentage cover, height, and different stand characteristics. We also built models to understand how the aforementioned variables affect the proportion of the shrubs commonly utilized as forage by large herbivores. We found that the percentage cover of shrubs was the most important explanatory variable when predicting above-ground biomass, explaining 51%, 47% and 71% of the variation (marginal R2) in bilberry, cowberry and heather biomass, respectively. By adding ramet height to the model with percentage cover, the variation explained increased to 77% for bilberry, 75% for cowberry and 87% for heather. The best outcome for candidate models was obtained by adding stand site index and spruce basal area to the model, improving the variation explained in bilberry to 83%, to 81% for cowberry, and 91% for heather. When modelling the proportion of the shrubs commonly utilized as forage by large herbivores, stand site index and spruce basal area often played important roles. Some of the best fitting models for forage biomass explained 51% of the variation in bilberry, 59% in cowberry and 30% in heather. Site location did not have a major role in improving the variability explained in either type of model, which indicated the applicability of the models regardless of study location. Our models therefore have a high potential to be implemented in forestry decision support systems. Their inclusion should provide better large-scale estimations of forage resources, aiding forest management, and thereby taking an important step forward to determine the ecosystem carrying capacity of large herbivores. © 2023 The Author(s)
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| 4. |
- Scheer, Vendela, et al.
(författare)
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Benzoyl peroxide treatment decreases Cutibacterium acnes in shoulder surgery, from skin incision until wound closure
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. - : MOSBY-ELSEVIER. - 1058-2746 .- 1532-6500. ; 30:6, s. 1316-1323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Most surgical site infections after shoulder surgery are caused by Cutibacterium acnes. Topically applied benzoyl peroxide (BPO) has for years been used to decrease the skin load of C acnes in treatment of acne vulgaris. The purpose of this study was to examine this effect on bacterial colonization in patients subjected to elective shoulder surgery at different stages of the procedure. Methods: A total of 100 patients scheduled for primary elective open shoulder surgery were randomized to prepare either with BPO or according to local guidelines-with soap (control group). Four skin swabs were taken in a standardized manner at different times, before and after surgical skin preparation, 1 in dermis, and finally after the skin was sutured. Before skin incision, 5 punch biopsies (3 mm in diameter and maximum 4 mm deep) were retrieved spaced 2 cm apart in the planned skin incision. On culturing, quantification of C acnes was made by serial dilutions. Results: Men had a 5-fold higher amount of C acnes on untreated skin. Treatment with BPO considerably lowered this count (P = .0001 both before and after skin disinfection compared to the control group. This positive effect of BPO persisted until skin closure, the point at which some recolonization of C acnes had occurred, but to a higher degree in the control group (P = .040). Conclusion: Preoperative BPO treatment of the shoulder may be an effective method to decrease bacterial skin load of C acnes from skin incision until wound closure. (C) 2021 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Scheer, Vendela, 1967-
(författare)
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Perioperative Strategies to Prevent Surgical Site Infection After Shoulder Surgery
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Sweden, about 18 000 patients undergo shoulder surgery each year. The current surgical site infection (SSI) rate after planned shoulder surgery is 0,3-5 %, which means that approximately 300 people are affected each year in Sweden. Treatment of deep SSIs always involves at least one reoperation followed by long-lasting treatment with antibiotics. In addition to pain and reduced mobility, an SSI can also have a negative effect on mental health. It is not possible to pinpoint exactly what causes an SSI. However, in today´s modern operating theatres with ultra clean air, tightly woven gowns, and surgical practice that strictly adheres to aseptic guidelines, SSIs after orthopaedic surgery are predominately caused by bacteria from the patient’s skin.The aim of this thesis was to evaluate perioperative strategies to prevent surgical site infection after shoulder surgery, focusing on bacterial burden on the skin. Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), a skin commensal, thrives in the sebaceous glands and causes most infections after shoulder surgery. Despite strict standardised preoperative preparation with 0.5% chlorhexidine solution in 70% ethanol, studies have shown that C. acnes are only partially eradicated. Topical treatment with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) over several months has been used to treat acne vulgaris for more than 50 years.In two randomised studies, we compared prophylactic topical treatment with BPO (applied five times over a period of 48 hours before surgery), with a control group with no BPO treatment. In the BPO group, the burden of C. acnes prior to incision and at the end of the surgery decreased significantly.When studying the effects of skin preparation, the technique and method used to capture the microbiome while maintaining the skin’s barrier, is crucial. In a pilot study, we developed a novel Pencil Eraser Swab-technique (PES) and compared this with two established swab techniques. The PES-technique was found to be significantly better, both in terms of sensitivity in detecting C. acnes and in quantification of viable bacteria.Following closure of a surgical incision, the wound is re-epithelialised within 24-72 hours. Choice of dressing is usually a question of personal preference and tradition rather than evidence based. The degree of colonisation of bacteria beneath wound dressings with different occlusive properties is not known. To investigate this, we compared three wound dressings of varying permeability on healthy skin. After 48 hours we found that recolonisation of bacteria was significantly higher beneath the semipermeable and occlusive wound dressings, than beneath the airy (gauze) dressing.Perioperative reduction of the bacterial burden on the skin is important in the fight against surgical site infection. A reliable technique to capture bacteria is essential when evaluating different methods.
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| 6. |
- Scheer, Vendela, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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The pencil eraser swab technique to quantify Cutibacterium acnes on shoulder skin
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Joint Infection. - Göttingen, Germany : Copernicus publications. - 2206-3552. ; 6:9, s. 451-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Cutibacterium acnes is the most common cause of postoperative infections in orthopaedic shoulder surgery and is hard to eradicate with current measures. Newer strategies focus on reducing bacterial load on the skin before surgery. Several previous studies have used a large number of both described and undescribed sampling techniques. The purpose of this study was to compare three previously described swab techniques to obtain bacterial cultures: Levine's (L) technique, the Z technique and the pencil eraser swab (PES) technique. Methods: Three consecutive skin swabs were collected from the right shoulder, on 15 healthy male volunteers, using Levine's technique, Z technique and PES technique from each participant. To determine the number of living bacteria, serial dilutions were made, and after culturing for 5 d, viable count (VC) was expressed as CFU/mL (with CFU representing colony-forming unit). Results: The PES technique yielded significantly higher VC than the two others. PES: median 3700 CFU/mL, L: 200 CFU/mL and Z: 220 CFU/mL ( p=0.003). There was no significant difference between the methods regarding the number of positive cultures. PES: 14/15, L: 11/15 and Z: 12/15. Conclusions: There is a need to harmonise sampling techniques of C. acnes in order to compare the efficacy of different measures to reduce the bacterial load on the skin before and during surgery. Of the three tested methods, the PES technique is simple and produces the highest bacterial counts.
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