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- Karamanis, Georgios
(författare)
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Gender dysphoria : Insights on etiology and outcomes
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gender Dysphoria (GD) is defined as significant distress or impairment caused by the discrepancy between an individual's experienced gender and the sex assigned at birth. This work explores the etiology and outcomes of GD through two studies. The first assesses its prevalence in different twin categories, and the second examines the incidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in individuals undergoing gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) treatment for GD.The first study utilizes a population-based approach to analyze the prevalence of GD in twins, using data from a Swedish population-based cohort collected over a 16-year period. The objective is to assess the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the development of GD by comparing its prevalence in different-sex twins, same-sex twins, and non-twin siblings. The results indicate a higher prevalence of GD in different-sex twins and suggest a potential influence of intrauterine factors in the development of GD, necessitating further examination of current genetic and environmental theories.The second study focuses on evaluating the occurrence of IIH in individuals undergoing treatment with GnRHa for GD in Sweden between 2006 and 2016. The study did not observe any cases of IIH within the studied cohort. While better-powered studies are needed to clarify any potential association between GnRHa and IIH, the study results do not present substantial evidence to support this association.
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| 3. |
- Özel, Faith, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring gender dysphoria and related outcomes in a prospective cohort study: protocol for the Swedish Gender Dysphoria Study (SKDS)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 13:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction There has been a drastic increase in the reported number of people seeking help for gender dysphoria in many countries over the last two decades. Yet, our knowledge of gender dysphoria and related outcomes is restricted due to the lack of high-quality studies employing comprehensive approaches. This longitudinal study aims to enhance our knowledge of gender dysphoria; different aspects will be scrutinised, focusing primarily on the psychosocial and mental health outcomes, prognostic markers and, secondarily, on the underlying mechanisms for its origin. Methods and analysis The Swedish Gender Dysphoria Study is an ongoing multicentre longitudinal cohort study with 501 registered participants with gender dysphoria who are 15 years old or older. Participants at different phases of their clinical evaluation process can enter the study, and the expected follow-up duration is three years. The study also includes a comparison group of 458 age- and county-matched individuals without gender dysphoria. Data on the core outcomes of the study, which are gender incongruence and experienced gender dysphoria, body satisfaction and satisfaction with gender-affirming treatments, as well as other relevant outcomes, including mental health, social functioning and life satisfaction, are collected via web surveys. Two different research visits, before and after starting on gender-affirming hormonal treatment (if applicable), are planned to collect respective biological and cognitive measures. Data analysis will be performed using appropriate biostatistical methods. A power analysis showed that the current sample size is big enough to analyse continuous and categorical outcomes, and participant recruitment will continue until December 2022. Ethics and dissemination The ethical permission for this study was obtained from the Local Ethical Review Board in Uppsala, Sweden. Results of the study will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. Dissemination will also be implemented through the Swedish Gender Dysphoria Study network in Sweden.
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