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- Wallensten, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Surveillance of influenza A virus in migratory waterfowl in northern Europe
- 2007
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. - 1080-6040 ; 13:3, s. 404-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted large-scale, systematic sampling of influenza type A virus in migratory waterfowl (mostly mallards [Anas platyrhynchos]) at Ottenby Bird Observatory, southeast Sweden. As with previous studies, we found a higher prevalence in fall than spring, and among juveniles compared with adults. However, in contrast to other studies, we found that prevalence in spring was sometimes high (mean 4.0%, highest 9.5%). This finding raises the possibility that ducks are capable of perpetuating influenza A virus of different subtypes and subtype combinations throughout the year and from 1 year to the next. Isolation of the H5 and H7 subtypes was common, which suggests risk for transmission to sensitive domestic animals such as poultry. We argue that wild bird screening can function as a sentinel system, and we give an example of how it could have been used to forecast a remote and deadly outbreak of influenza A in poultry.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hässler, Signe, et al.
(författare)
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Aire deficient mice develop hematopoetic irregularities and marginal zone B cell lymphoma
- 2006
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 108:6, s. 1941-1948
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS I) is an inherited recessive disorder with a progressive immunological destruction of many tissues including the adrenal cortex, the parathyroid glands, and the gonads. APS I is caused by mutations in the AIRE gene (autoimmune regulator), expressed in cells of the thymus and spleen, suggesting a role in central and peripheral tolerance. Aire(-/-) mice replicate the autoimmune features of APS I patients with the presence of multiple autoantibodies and lymphocytic infiltrates in various tissues, but young mice appear clinically healthy. We here report the investigation of 15- to 24-month-old Aire(-/-) mice. We did not observe any endocrinological abnormalities, nor did sera from these mice recognize known APS I autoantigens. Interestingly, however, there was a high frequency of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma in Aire(-/-) mice and liver infiltrates of B cells, suggesting chronic antigen exposure and exaggerated activation. Furthermore, increased numbers of monocytes in blood were identified as well as augmented numbers of metallophilic macrophages in the spleen. We propose that Aire, in addition to its function in the thymus, also has a peripheral regulatory role by controlling the development of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and marginal zone B-cell activation.
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| 5. |
- Karlson, Björn W., 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Quality assurance with regard to outcome and use of medical resources for patients hospitalized with acute chest pain: a comparison between a city university hospital and a county hospital.
- 2003
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Ingår i: European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0969-9546 .- 1473-5695. ; 10:1, s. 6-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to test the hypothesis that there is a difference in mortality between patients hospitalized with acute chest pain in a university hospital and those hospitalized in a county hospital, and to describe differences in characteristics and use of medical resources in these two settings. All patients hospitalized at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Göteborg (with a catchment population of 706 inhabitants/km(2)) and Uddevalla County Hospital (with a catchment population of 34 inhabitants/km(2)) with symptoms of acute chest pain during a registration period of 6 months were included in the study. A total of 1592 patients in the city hospital and 822 in the county hospital fulfilled the given criteria for inclusion. Patients in the urban area differed from those in the rural area in that they had a lower prevalence of previous angina pectoris and hypertension and a higher prevalence of previous cancer, previous percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and current smoking. On admission to hospital, patients in the urban area less frequently showed clinical signs of congestive heart failure and acute ischaemia on the electrocardiogram (ECG) but more frequently had a pathological ECG without signs of ischaemia and more frequently had a heart rate >100 beats/min. The use of medical resources differed between the two hospitals. Revascularization was more frequent in the city hospital and the use of -blockers in the county hospital. The overall 30 day mortality was 4.7% in the urban area and 4.3% in the rural area (P=0.74). When correcting for differences at baseline, the risk ratio for death in the county hospital versus the city hospital was 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.51-1.40, P=0.53). In conclusion, among patients hospitalized with acute chest pain in a city university and a county hospital the mortality during the subsequent 30 days did not differ. However, there were differences in terms of the use of medical resources and in previous history, chronic medication prior to hospital admission and status on admission between the two cohorts.
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| 8. |
- Karlsson, Björn C. G., et al.
(författare)
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Structure and Dynamics of Monomer-Template Complexation: An Explanation for Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Recognition Site Heterogeneity
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 131:37, s. 13297-13304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We here present the first simulation of a complete molecularly imprinted polymer prepolymerization system. Molecular dynamics studies were performed for a system comprising a total of 1199 discrete molecules, replicating the components and concentrations employed in the corresponding polymer synthesis. The observed interactions correlate well with results obtained from (1)H NMR spectroscopic studies. Comparison with simulations performed in the absence of cross-linking agent (ethylene dimethacrylate) demonstrated its significance in the formation of ligand recognition sites. Moreover, the influence of events such as template-template (bupivacaine) and monomer-monomer (methacrylic acid) self-association, porogen-template interactions, and template conformational variability was revealed. The template recognition capacity of the modeled polymer system was verified by synthesis of imprinted and reference polymers and subsequent radioligand binding Analysis. Collectively, through a series of statistical analyses of molecular trajectories in conjunction with spectroscopic data it was demonstrated that an ensemble of complex structures is present in the prepolymerization mixture and that this diversity is the basis for the binding site heterogeneity observed in molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) prepared using the noncovalent strategy.
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