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- Karlsson, Charlie, et al.
(författare)
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Economic policy, institutions and entrepreneurship
- 2002
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 19:2, s. 163-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economists have debated the issue of state intervention in the economic process in capitalist economies intensively for decades. Often, however, without considering the effects of state intervention on entrepreneurship. In this paper we undertake a critical analysis of the institutionalist theory of state intervention developed by Ha-Joon Chang. He identifies two key roles for the state in facilitating structural change, namely, firstly, to pronounce a vision for the future ( state entrepreneurship) and, secondly, management of conflicts which arise during the process of structural change. We also examine how well the Swedish model of state intervention fits into Chang's model as well as possible drawbacks with the Swedish model not least in terms of reducing the incentives for entrepreneurship. Thirdly, we examine the possibility that, because of radical changes in its economic and political environment, the Swedish model has become less successful in carrying out the two key roles outlined by Dr Chang in the last three decades. Finally, we discuss the implications of these changes for the Chang style interventionalist state. Is there any room left for structural change management by the state in the global era? If so, what are the appropriate measures and policy levels for this type of intervention? And, in particular, how can proper institutions and incentives for entrepreneurship be used to facilitate the structural change process?
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- Ejermo, Olof
(författare)
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Perspectives on regional and industrial dynamics of innovation
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of five essays in the field of innovation economics, with an introductory chapter. The focus is mainly empirical with four of the five chapters consisting of studies of aspects of Swedish innovation activity. These empirical chapters are an endeavor to quantify aspects of the effects of the public-good property of knowledge. To this effect, innovation indicators were collected regarding industrial and firm research and development (R&D); regional indicators were collected using business and university R&D and records of patent applications and granted patents assigned to Swedish regions using the residential location of inventors.The first essay studies the productive effect (total factor productivity) of R&D on Swedish firms and the effect that R&D can be expected to have on other firms. The second essay analyzes, with corporate groups as the unit of observation, the effect of accessibility to R&D in universities, and in other groups’ R&D on the innovative capability of the individual group. The third essay tries to characterize the extent to which Swedish regions are specialized or diverse. This is summarized in a single variable which is used to test the effect on innovative activity as measured by the number of patent applications. The fourth essay, the theoretical study of the thesis, constructs a two-region model with two firms residing in each. The incentives for doing process R&D are worked out by agglomerating consumers in one of the regions, and by changing interregional accessibility. The sixth essay studies Swedish inventor networks and regional affinity based on networks.
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