| 1. |
- Wallensten, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Surveillance of influenza A virus in migratory waterfowl in northern Europe
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. - 1080-6040 ; 13:3, s. 404-411
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted large-scale, systematic sampling of influenza type A virus in migratory waterfowl (mostly mallards [Anas platyrhynchos]) at Ottenby Bird Observatory, southeast Sweden. As with previous studies, we found a higher prevalence in fall than spring, and among juveniles compared with adults. However, in contrast to other studies, we found that prevalence in spring was sometimes high (mean 4.0%, highest 9.5%). This finding raises the possibility that ducks are capable of perpetuating influenza A virus of different subtypes and subtype combinations throughout the year and from 1 year to the next. Isolation of the H5 and H7 subtypes was common, which suggests risk for transmission to sensitive domestic animals such as poultry. We argue that wild bird screening can function as a sentinel system, and we give an example of how it could have been used to forecast a remote and deadly outbreak of influenza A in poultry.
|
|
| 2. |
- Blank Savukinas, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
-
Smad7 promotes self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells in vivo.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 108:13, s. 4246-4254
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Smad-signaling pathway downstream of the transforming growth factor–beta superfamily of ligands is an evolutionarily conserved signaling circuitry with critical functions in a wide variety of biologic processes. To investigate the role of this pathway in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we have blocked Smad signaling by retroviral gene transfer of the inhibitory Smad7 to murine HSCs. We report here that the self-renewal capacity of HSCs is promoted in vivo upon blocking of the entire Smad pathway, as shown by both primary and secondary bone marrow (BM) transplantations. Importantly, HSCs overexpressing Smad7 have an unperturbed differentiation capacity as evidenced by normal contribution to both lymphoid and myeloid cell lineages, suggesting that the Smad pathway regulates self-renewal independently of differentiation. Moreover, phosphorylation of Smads was inhibited in response to ligand stimulation in BM cells, thus verifying impairment of the Smad-signaling cascade in Smad7-overexpressing cells. Taken together, these data reveal an important and previously unappreciated role for the Smad-signaling pathway in the regulation of self-renewal of HSCs in vivo.
|
|
| 3. |
- Karlsson, Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
Gene expression profiling demonstrates that TGF-{beta}1 signals exclusively through receptor complexes involving Alk5 and identifies targets of TGF-{beta} signaling.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Physiological Genomics. - : American Physiological Society. - 1094-8341 .- 1531-2267. ; 21:3, s. 396-403
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β) regulates cellular functions like proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. On the cell surface, TGF-β binds to receptor complexes consisting of TGF-β receptor type II (Tβ RII) and activin-like kinase receptor-5 (Alk5), and the downstream signaling is transduced by Smad and MAPK proteins. Recent data have shown that alternative receptor combinations aside from the classical pairing of Tβ RII/Alk5 can be relevant for TGF-β signaling. We have screened for alternative receptors for TGF-β and also for gene targets of TGF-β signaling, by performing functional assays and microarray analysis in murine embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines lacking Alk5. Data from TGF-β-stimulated Alk5(-/-) cells show them to be completely unaffected by TGF-β. Additionally, 465 downstream targets of Alk5 signaling were identified when comparing Alk5(-/-) or TGF-β-stimulated Alk5(+/+) MEFs with unstimulated Alk5(+/+) cells. Our results demonstrate that, in MEFs, TGF-β signals exclusively through complexes involving Alk5, and give insight to its downstream effector genes.
|
|
| 4. |
- Miller-Podraza, Halina, 1948, et al.
(författare)
-
Novel binding epitope for Helicobacter pylori found in neolacto carbohydrate chains: structure and cross-binding properties.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: The Journal of biological chemistry. - 0021-9258. ; 280:20, s. 19695-703
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that colonizes the stomach of a majority of the global human population causing common gastric diseases like ulcers and cancer. It has an unusually complex pattern of binding to various host glycoconjugates including interaction with sialylated, sulfated, and fucosylated sequences. The present study describes an additional binding epitope comprising the neolacto internal sequence of GlcNAcbeta3-Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta. The binding was detected on TLC plates as an interaction with a seven-sugar ganglioside of rabbit thymus. The glycolipid was purified and characterized as Neu5Gcalpha3Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta3-Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer with less than 10% of the fraction carrying a repeated lacto (type-1) core chain, Galbeta3Glc-NAcbeta3Galbeta3GlcNAcbeta. After stepwise chemical and enzymatic degradation and structural analysis of products the strongest binder was found to be the pentaglycosylceramide GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1-Cer, whereas the hexa- and tetraglycosylceramides were less active, and the trihexosylceramide was inactive. Further studies revealed that the terminal GlcNAcbeta of the pentaglycosylceramide may be exchanged for either GalNAcbeta3, GalNAcalpha3, or Galalpha3 without loss of the activity. Calculated minimum energy conformers of these four isoreceptors show a substantial topographical similarity suggesting that this binding is a result of a molecular mimicry. Although the glycoconjugate composition of human gastric epithelial cells is not known in detail it is proposed that repeating N-acetyllactosamine units of glycoconjugates may serve as bacterial attachment sites in the stomach.
|
|
| 5. |
- Agelfors, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
User evaluation of the SYNFACE talking head telephone
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Computers Helping People With Special Needs, Proceedings. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 3540360204 ; , s. 579-586
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The talking-head telephone, Synface, is a lip-reading support for people with hearing-impairment. It has been tested by 49 users with varying degrees of hearing-impaired in UK and Sweden in lab and home environments. Synface was found to give support to the users, especially in perceiving numbers and addresses and an enjoyable way to communicate. A majority deemed Synface to be a useful product.
|
|
| 6. |
- Ali, Nicole, et al.
(författare)
-
Forward RNAi screens in primary human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 113:16, s. 3690-3695
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanisms regulating key fate decisions such as self-renewal and differentiation in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) remain poorly understood. We report here a screening strategy developed to assess modulators of human hematopoiesis using a lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA) library transduced into cord blood-derived stem/progenitor cells. To screen for modifiers of self-renewal/differentiation, we used the limited persistence of HSPCs under ex vivo culture conditions as a baseline for functional selection of shRNAs conferring enhanced maintenance or expansion of the stem/progenitor potential. This approach enables complex, pooled screens in large numbers of cells. Functional selection identified novel specific gene targets (exostoses 1) or shRNA constructs capable of altering human hematopoietic progenitor differentiation or stem cell expansion, respectively, thereby demonstrating the potential of this forward screening approach in primary human stem cell populations. (Blood. 2009; 113: 3690-3695)
|
|
| 7. |
- Arai, Mahmood, et al.
(författare)
-
On Fragile Grounds : A replication of "Are Muslim immigrants different in terms of cultural integration?" Technical documentation
- 2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a technical documentation of Arai et al.(2008) which replicates “Are Muslim Immigrants Different in terms of Cultural Integration?” by Alberto Bisin, Eleonora Patacchini, Thierry Verdier and Yves Zenou, published in Journal of European Economic Association,6, 445-456, 2008. Bisin et al.(2008) report that they have 5963 observations in their study. Using their empirical setup, we can only identify 1901 relevant observations in the original data. After removing missing values we are left with 818 observations. We cannot replicate any of their results and our estimations yield no support for their claims.
|
|
| 8. |
- Axelsson, Jonas, 1974-
(författare)
-
Dominanser : En utveckling av den realistiska livsformsteorin
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present dissertation develops a specific theory about everyday life called realist life mode theory. This theory is based on critical realism and consists of "work", "love" and "life mode" as central concepts. The background of the theory is the Danish life mode analysis developed by Thomas Højrup in the 1980:s. The aim of the study is to develop the central clusters of concepts in the realist life mode theory - i. e. "work", "love", "life mode" in a theoretical way. These concepts are seen as clusters since other related concepts are developed in connection to the concepts mentioned above. In connection to work I also discuss the concepts of "labour power", "labour receptor", and "work form"; in relation to love, "love power", "love receptor" and "love form" are discussed. And "life mode" is connected with the concept of "everyday life" in a more exact way than before. The argument of this study is that realist life mode theory is about two fundamental types of dominance - personal dominance and structural dominance. "Personal dominance" is used synonymously with "ownership". "Structural dominance" is dominance between non-personal, non-conscious entities. Life mode theory is a theory about ownership surrounded by structural dominances both beneath the owning person (sub-personally), and above (socially). Personal dominance - ownership - is produced via two human and societal processes - work and love. Work is defined as doing and occuring in the sphere of necessity. In work there especially are possibilities for ownership of the material surroundings. Love is defined as doing and occuring in the sphere of freedom. In love humans produce each other as self-owned persons through transaction of love power. Both work and love has great emancipatory potentials, and this theme is discussed in the present study. But, unfortunately, really existing work and love practices are to a great extent exploitative. Labour power is exploited in capitalism, and love power in patriarchy. When it comes to structural dominance, this study focuses on the following dominances: The dominance of labour receptor over labour power in men´s working life; the dominance of love power over love receptor in women´s love life. The dominance of work over love in men´s everyday life; the dominance of love over work in women´s everyday life. And on a more social level we find the following dominances: in the male life modes the work form dominates the love form. In female life modes the love form dominates the work form. And finally, in society as a whole male life modes have dominance over female life modes. When the dominance between social structures is analyzed, a distinction is made between "dominance form" and "the substance of dominance".
|
|
| 9. |
- Björk, Magnus, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Exposed Datapath for Efficient Computing
- 2006
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We introduce FlexCore, which is the first exemplar of a processor based on the FlexSoC processor paradigm. TheFlexCore utilizes an exposed datapath for increased performance. Microbenchmarks yield a performance boost of a factor of two over a traditional five-stage pipeline with the same functional units as the FlexCore.We describe our approach to compiling for the FlexCore.A flexible interconnect allows the FlexCore datapath to bedynamically reconfigured as a consequence of code generation. Additionally, specialized functional units may be introduced and utilized within the same architecture and compilation framework. The exposed datapath requires a wide control word. The conducted evaluation of two micro benchmarks confirms that this increases the instruction bandwidth and memory footprint. This calls for an efficient instruction decoding as proposed in the FlexSoC paradigm.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
