| 1. |
- Harati, Ebrahim, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of HFMI treatment procedure on weld toe geometry and fatigue properties of high strength steel welds
- 2016
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Ingår i: Procedia Structural Integrity. - : Elsevier. - 2452-3216. ; 2, s. 3483-3490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of high frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) treatment procedure on the weld toe geometry and fatigue strength in 1300 MPa yield strength steel welds were investigated. In this regard first the effect of three or six run treatments on the weld toe geometry was evaluated. The fatigue strength and weld toe geometry of as-welded and HFMI treated samples was then compared. Fatigue testing was done under fully reversed, constant amplitude bending load. When increasing the number of treatment runs from three to six, the weld toe radius and width of treatment remained almost constant. However, a slightly smaller depth of treatment in the base metal and a somewhat larger depth of treatment in the weld metal was observed. HFMI treatment increased the fatigue strength by 26%. The treatment did not increase the weld toe radius significantly, but resulted in a more uniform weld toe geometry along the weld. A depth of treatment in the base metal in the range of 0.15-0.19 mm and a width of treatment in the range of 2.5-3 mm, were achieved. It is concluded that the three run treatment would be a more economical option than the six run treatment providing a similar or even more favourable geometry modification.
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| 2. |
- Harati, Ebrahim, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of high frequency mechanical impact treatment on fatigue strength of welded 1300 MPa yield strength steel
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Fatigue. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-1123 .- 1879-3452. ; 92, s. 96-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) is a recent post weld treatment method which can be employed to increase the fatigue strength of welded components. In this paper the fatigue strength of as-welded and HFMI treated fillet welds in a 1300 MPa yield strength steel was compared. Fatigue testing was done under fully reversed, constant amplitude bending load. Finite element analysis was used to calculate the stress distribution in the weld toe region to permit evaluation of the fatigue data with the effective notch stress approach. As-welded samples showed a mean fatigue strength of 353 MPa and a characteristic fatigue strength of 306 MPa. HFMI treatment increased the mean fatigue strength by 26% and the characteristic fatigue strengths by 3%. The weld toe radii in as-welded condition were large. HFMI only increased the weld toe radii slightly but resulted in a more uniform weld toe geometry along the weld. A depth of indentation in the base metal in the range of 0.15–0.19 mm and a width of indentation in the range of 2.5–3 mm, were achieved. Maximum compressive residual stresses of about 800 MPa in the longitudinal and 250 MPa in the transverse direction were introduced by HFMI treatment, adjacent to the weld toe. The surface hardness was increased in the entire HFMI treated region. It is concluded that the increase in fatigue strength is due to the combined effects of the weld toe geometry modification, increase in surface hardness and creation of compressive residual stresses in the treated region.
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| 3. |
- Hosseini, Vahid A., 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Nitrogen loss and effects on microstructure in multipass TIG welding of a super duplex stainless steel
- 2016
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Ingår i: Materials & design. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 98, s. 88-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrogen loss is an important phenomenon in welding of super duplex stainless steels. In this study, a super duplex stainless steel was autogenously TIG-welded with one to four bead-on-plate passes with low or high heat inputs using pure argon shielding gas. The goal was to monitor nitrogen content and microstructure for each weld pass. Nitrogen content, measured by wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometry, was after four passes reduced from 0.28 wt% in the base metal to 0.17 wt% and 0.10 wt% in low and high heat input samples, respectively. Nitrogen loss resulted in a more ferritic structure with larger grains and nitride precipitates. The ferrite grain width markedly increased with increasing number of passes and heat input. Ferrite content increased from 55% in base metal to 75% at low and 79% at high heat inputs after four passes. An increasing amount of nitrides were seen with increasing number of weld passes. An equation was suggested for calculation of the final nitrogen content of the weld metal as functions of initial nitrogen content and arc energy. Acceptable ferrite contents were seen for one or two passes. The recommendation is to use nitrogen in shielding gas and proper filler metals.
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| 4. |
- Lahti, K., et al.
(författare)
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Productivity Aspects in Submerged Arc Welding of Thick High-Strength Steels
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IIW International Conference, High-Strength Materials. - Helsingfors. ; , s. 1-6-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of welding tests were made on 35 mm thick F500W high strength steel. This specific steel grade is developed for use in arctic conditions, especially in shipbuilding, and it has excellent impact toughness at temperatures down to -60°C. Submerged arc welding tests were performed using solid and flux-cored welding wire keeping the heat-input at levels typically recommended for thermo mechanically processed highstrengthsteels. Process improvement trials were even made using electrode extension (EE) allowing for higher melt-on rates without any increase in the heat input.However, as the chemical composition of F500W allows for higher heat input without risk for excessive grain growth, tests at higher heat inputs were also made as reference for additional ways to increase productivity. Three fundamental means for improving productivity were analyzed in this study: 1) use of solid or flux-cored wire, 2) effect of groove preparation, and 3) use ofelectrode extension. These all can be introduced without changes in heat input, and hence implementation to existing production systems is easy, economical and quick. Highest increase in productivity is gained by using electrode extension with optimized groove geometry. In the studied thickness of 35 mm, the number of runs was decrease by 60 % from 22 to 9 without increase in the heat input and with approved mechanical properties for this specific steel. Based on the outcome of this study, submerged arc welding can successfully be used for joining of this high strength steel with approved mechanical properties and high productivity.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Rehan, Arbab, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Austenitization and Tempering on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a 5 wt% Cr Cold Work Tool Steel
- 2016
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Ingår i: Steel Research International. - : Wiley. - 1611-3683 .- 1869-344X. ; 12:1 December, s. 1609-1618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of austenitization and tempering temperatures for a 5 wt% Cr cold work tool steel are studied with an aim of understanding the influence on microstructure and mechanical properties. Microstructures are characterized with scanning electron microscopy and light optical microscopy. Retained austenite contents and martensite start temperatures are measured by X-ray diffraction and dilatometry, respectively. Hardness, impact toughness, and compressive yield strength are also determined. When the austenitization temperature is increased from 1020 or 1050 to 1075 °C, followed by tempering at 525 °C, significant hardness is gained while there is no increase in compressive yield strength. Higher austenitization temperatures also produce larger amounts of retained austenite. At the same time, the impact toughness is reduced due to coarsening of the martensitic microstructure. When the steel is tempered at 200 °C, a higher impact toughness and a higher volume fraction of retained austenite are observed. Retained austenite is not found after tempering at temperatures of 525 °C or above. It is concluded that the best combination of mechanical properties is achieved by austenitization at 1020 or 1050 °C followed by tempering at 525 °C.
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| 7. |
- Rehan, Arbab, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Austenitisation Temperature and Multiple Tempering on the Microstructure and Impact Toughness of a 5 wt. % Cr Cold Work Tool Steel
- 2016
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Ingår i: 10th TOOL Conference, Tool, conference proceedings. - : 10th TOOL Conference. ; , s. 1-10
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The microstructure and properties of a 5 wt.% Cr cold work tool steel were studied after austenitisation at 1020°C, 1050°C or 1075°C followed by single, double and triple tempering treatments at 525°C. The microstructures were investigated with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction and phase transformations were studied by dilatometry. Furthermore, hardness and Charpy un-notched and V-notched impact toughness testing was performed and results were correlated to observed microstructures. With higher austenitisation temperature, the martensite and bainite start temperatures were lowered resulting in microstructures containing a higher volume fraction of retained austenite. Retained austenite transformed into martensite on cooling from the tempering temperature. Specimens that were austenitised at 1050°C or 1075°C and tempered twice contained fresh martensite. Applying a third tempering was therefore required to guarantee a fully tempered microstructure. The second tempering resulted in an increase of the un-notched impact energy while the third tempering did not have a pronounced effect. A triple tempering procedure could be preferable when austenitising at high temperatures to avoid undesirable fresh martensite in the tool microstructure.
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| 8. |
- Svensson, Lars-Erik, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Strength and Impact Toughness of High Strength Steel Weld Metals : Influence of Welding Method, Dilution and Cooling Rate
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IIW International Conference, High-Strength Materials. - Helsingfors. ; , s. 1-9
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Producing welds with properties matching those of the steel is a challenge at high strength levels. The present study has investigated how the choice of welding method affects weld metal mechanical properties through effects on dilution and cooling rate. Butt welds were produced in 12 mm plates in 777 MPa and 1193 MPa yield strength steels. Conventional arc welding methods including manual metal arc, gas metal arc welding, rapid arc welding and submerged arc welding were used as well as laser-gas metal arc hybrid welding. Filler materials with nominal yield strengths between 810 and 1000 MPa were used. Cooling times between 800 C and 500 C were varied between 5s and 15s and measured by insertion of thermocouples into the weld pool.High quality welds were produced efficiently with all welding methods even though dilution varied between 3%, for manual metal arc welding, to 73% for laser-hybrid welding. Low dilution, rapid cooling and single pass welding contributed to higher strength. Overmatching weld metal strength was achieved for the less strong steel and weld yield strengths of >1000 MPa were recorded for the stronger steel. Fracture in transverse tensile testing was always located in base material or HAZ. Impact toughness was higher for lower strength and low dilution. Results are discussed relating choice of welding method and cooling rate to weld metal properties for different steel strength levels.
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| 9. |
- Svensson, Lars-Erik, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Welding enabling light weight design of heavy vehicle chassis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science and technology of welding and joining. - 1362-1718 .- 1743-2936. ; 20:6, s. 473-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development of lightweight cars for saving fuel and reducing emission has been a priority for more than a decade. A similar trend is now seen for heavy vehicles. Here, however, the chassis rather than the cab is in focus, since this is by far the heaviest part of the vehicle. Using welding fabrication has many advantages like larger freedom in choice of material and more compact design. However, there are also factors like fatigue strength, residual stresses and geometric distortion, which must be addressed. There are large potentials to save weight in heavy vehicles by utilising high strength steels or aluminium alloys. In general, existing joining methods can be used, but new filler materials or recently developed post-weld treatments may be necessary to fulfil the demands on the components. In this paper, two examples are given, showing possible weight reduction solutions. In both cases, welding plays a central role.
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| 10. |
- Valiente Bermejo, María Asunción, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of shielding gas on welding performance and properties of duplex and superduplex stainless steel welds
- 2015
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Ingår i: Welding in the World. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0043-2288 .- 1878-6669. ; 59:2, s. 239-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of shielding gases on welding performanceand on properties of duplex and superduplex stainlesssteel welds was studied. Using argon as the reference gas,helium, nitrogen and carbon dioxide were added and fivemixtures evaluated. Bead-on-plate welds and circumferentialpipe welds were produced using mechanisedGMAwelding inthe downhand position. Welding performance, corrosion resistance,mechanical properties, microstructural features andweld imperfections were assessed and related to the shieldinggas. Shielding gases containing 30 % helium showed excellentresults; whilst pure argon showed unstable arc and poorweld pool fluidity and Ar+2 %CO2 resulted in underfill andporosity. Mixtures containing helium resulted in higher ductilitywelds and higher impact toughness values than weldsproduced with Ar+2 %CO2. Sound and balanced duplexmicrostructures free from intermetallics were found with suitableferrite contents for all the shielding gases studied. All theduplex pipe welds passed the corrosion test regardless of theshielding gas used, and the best results in the corrosion test forsuperduplex pipe welds were found when using Ar+30 %He+0.5 %CO2+1.8 %N2 as shielding gas.
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