| 1. |
- Detter, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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A 3-year school-based exercise intervention improves muscle strength - a prospective controlled population-based study in 223 children
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Intense physical activity (PA) improves muscle strength in children, but it remains uncertain whether moderately intense PA in a population-based cohort of children confers these benefits. Methods: We included children aged 6-9 years in four schools where the intervention school increased the school curriculum of PA from 60 minutes/week to 40 minutes/school day while the control schools continued with 60 minutes/week for three years. We measured muscle strength, as isokinetic Peak Torque (PT) (Nm) of the knee flexors in the right leg at speeds of 60 degrees/second and 180 degrees/second, at baseline and at follow-up, in 47 girls and 76 boys in the intervention group and 46 girls and 54 boys in the control group and then calculated annual changes in muscle strength. Data are provided as means with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Girls in the intervention group had 1.0 Nm (0.13, 1.9) and boys 1.9 Nm (0.9, 2.9) greater annual gain in knee flexor PT at 60 degrees/second, than girls and boys in the control group. Boys in the intervention group also had 1.5 Nm (0.5, 2.5) greater annual gain in knee flexors PT at 180 degrees/second than boys in the control group. Conclusion: A 3-year moderately intense PA intervention program within the school curriculum enhances muscle strength in both girls and boys.
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| 2. |
- Alwis, Gayani, et al.
(författare)
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Femoral Neck Bone Strength Estimated by Hip Structural Analysis (HSA) in Swedish Caucasians Aged 6-90 Years.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Calcified Tissue International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0827 .- 0171-967X. ; 90:3, s. 174-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry hip scans of 1,760 population-based Caucasians, 599 girls and 642 boys aged 6-19 years and 270 women and 249 men aged 20-90 years, were analyzed with the hip structural analysis (HSA) software to present age- and sex-specific normative HSA data of the femoral neck (FN). Measured traits included bone mineral density (BMD), cross-sectional area (CSA), section modulus (Z), periosteal diameter (PD), endosteal diameter (ED), cortical thickness (CT), and cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI). When plotting the measured traits versus age, the curves increased with higher ages until statistically significant break points were reached, for all traits at age 17 in girls and age 19 in boys. After the break points, PD and ED increased with higher ages but, as ED increased more than PD, BMD and CT decreased significantly with higher ages. The decline in BMD was counteracted by the increase in bone size so that there was only a nonstatistically significant decrease in bone strength, estimated as Z and CSMI, from break point to age 90. The partial preservation of bone strength was more obvious in men than in women as the decline in BMD was higher in women than in men, while the expansion in PD was larger in men than in women. The sex difference in the normative FN bone strength data seems to be related to sex discrepancies in the development of both bone mass and geometrical parameters during both growth and adulthood.
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| 3. |
- Alzghoul, Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
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Data stream mining for increased functional product availability awareness
- 2011
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Ingår i: Functional Thinking for Value Creation. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642196881 - 9783642196898 ; , s. 237-241
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Functional Products (FP) and Product Service Systems (PSS) may be seen as integrated systems comprising hardware and support services. For such offerings, availability is key. Little research has been done on integrating Data Stream Management Systems (DSMS) for monitoring (parts of) a FP to improve system availability. This paper introduces an approach for how data stream mining may be applied to monitor hardware being part of a Functional Product. The result shows that DSMS have the potential to significantly support continuous availability awareness of industrial systems, especially important when the supplier is to supply a function with certain availability.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten : Resurs- och miljööversikt 2012
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är den nionde utgåvan av den samlade översikten över fisk- och kräftdjursbeståndens status i våra vatten. Kunskap om fiskbestånden och miljön är en förutsättning för att utnyttjandet av fiskresurserna skall bli bärkraftigt. För svenska vattenområden beskrivs miljöutvecklingen i ett ekosystemsperspektiv, dels för att tydliggöra fiskens ekologiska roll och beskriva yttre miljöfaktorer som påverkar fiskbestånden, dels för att belysa fiskets effekter på miljön.Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten är utarbetad av Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), Institutionen för akvatiska resurser (SLU Aqua), på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten. Rapporten sammanfattar utveckling och beståndsstatus för de kommersiellt viktigaste fisk- och kräftdjursarterna i våra vatten. Bedömningar och förvaltningsråd är baserade på Internationella Havsforskningsrådets (ICES) rådgivning, SLU Aquas nationella och regionala provfiskedata, samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Buttazzoni, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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A Pediatric Bone Mass Scan Has Poor Ability to Predict Adult Bone Mass: A 28-Year Prospective Study in 214 Children.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Calcified Tissue International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0827 .- 0171-967X. ; 94:2, s. 232-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the correlation of bone mass from childhood to adulthood is unclear, we conducted a long-term prospective observational study to determine if a pediatric bone mass scan could predict adult bone mass. We measured cortical bone mineral content (BMC [g]), bone mineral density (BMD [g/cm(2)]), and bone width (cm) in the distal forearm by single photon absorptiometry in 120 boys and 94 girls with a mean age of 10 years (range 3-17) and mean 28 years (range 25-29) later. We calculated individual and age-specific bone mass Z scores, using the control cohort included at baseline as reference, and evaluated correlations between the two measurements with Pearson's correlation coefficient. Individual Z scores were also stratified in quartiles to register movements between quartiles from growth to adulthood. BMD Z scores in childhood and adulthood correlated in both boys (r = 0.35, p < 0.0001) and girls (r = 0.50, p < 0.0001) and in both children ≥10 years at baseline (boys r = 0.43 and girls r = 0.58, both p < 0.0001) and children <10 years at baseline (boys r = 0.26 and girls r = 0.40, both p < 0.05). Of the children in the lowest quartile of BMD, 58 % had left the lowest quartile in adulthood. A pediatric bone scan with a value in the lowest quartile had a sensitivity of 48 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 27-69 %) and a specificity of 76 % (95 % CI 66-84 %) to identify individuals who would remain in the lowest quartile also in adulthood. Childhood forearm BMD explained 12 % of the variance in adult BMD in men and 25 % in women. A pediatric distal forearm BMD scan has poor ability to predict adult bone mass.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Aerobic fitness related to cardiovascular risk factors in young children.
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1076 .- 0340-6199. ; 171:4, s. 705-710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low aerobic fitness (maximum oxygen uptake (VO(2PEAK))) is predictive for poor health in adults. In a cross-sectional study, we assessed if VO(2PEAK) is related to a composite risk factor score for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 243 children (136 boys and 107 girls) aged 8 to 11 years. VO(2PEAK) was assessed by indirect calorimetry during a maximal exercise test and scaled by body mass (milliliters per minute per kilogram). Total body fat mass (TBF) and abdominal fat mass (AFM) were measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Total body fat was expressed as a percentage of total body mass (BF%) and body fat distribution as AFM/TBF. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SDP and DBP) and resting heart rate (RHR) were measured. The mean artery pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) were calculated. Echocardiography, 2D-guided M-mode, was performed. Left atrial diameter (LA) was measured and left ventricular mass (LVM) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were calculated. Z scores (value for the individual - mean value for group)/SD were calculated by sex. The sum of z scores for DBP, SDP, PP, MAP, RHR, LVM, LA, RWT, BF%, AFM and AFM/TBF were calculated in boys and girls, separately, and used as composite risk factor score for CVD. Pearson correlation revealed significant associations between VO(2PEAK) and composite risk factor score in both boys (r = -0.48 P < 0.05) and in girls (r = -0.42, P < 0.05). One-way ANOVA analysis indicated significant differences in composite risk factor score between the different quartiles of VO(2PEAK) (P < 0.001); thus, higher VO(2PEAK) was associated with lower composite risk factor score for CVD. In conclusion, low VO(2PEAK) is associated with an elevated composite risk factor score for CVD in both young boys and girls.
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| 9. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Body Fat, Abdominal Fat, and Body Fat Distribution Is Related to Left Atrial Diameter in Young Children.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-739X .- 1930-7381. ; 20, s. 1104-1108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In adults, the size of the left atria (LA) has important prognostic information. In obese adults, adolescents and children enlargement of LA have been observed. This has not been investigated on a population-based level in young children. We therefore assessed if total body fat mass (TBF), abdominal fat, and body fat distribution were related to LA diameter. Cross-sectional study of 244 children (boys = 137 and girls n = 107) aged 8-11 years, recruited from an urban population-based cohort. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured total lean body mass, TBF, and abdominal fat mass (AFM). Body fat was also calculated as a percentage of body mass (BF%). Body fat distribution (AFM/TBF) was calculated. Echocardiography was performed with two-dimensional guided M-mode. LA diameter was measured and left ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were measured and maturity assessed according to Tanner. There were significant (P < 0.05) univariate correlations for all children between TBF (r = 0.40), BF% (r = 0.32), AFM (r = 0.41), and AFM/TBF (r = 0.41) vs. LA diameter. Multiple regression analyses with the inclusion of possible confounders such as lean body mass, blood pressure, gender, age, and Tanner stage revealed that TBF, AFM, and AFM/TBF were all independently related to LA diameter. Differences in the different body fat measurements explained 6-9% of the variance in LA size. These results demonstrated that both total body fat, AFM, and body fat distribution are already at a young age negatively and independently associated to LA diameter.
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| 10. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Body fat, abdominal fat and body fat distribution related to cardiovascular risk factors in pre-pubertal children.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 101:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim We analysed whether total body fat, abdominal fat and body fat distribution are associated with higher composite risk factor scores for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in young children. Methods Cross-sectional study of 238 children aged 8-11 years. Total body fat (TBF) and abdominal fat mass (AFM) were measured by DXA. TBF was expressed as a percentage of body weight (BF%). Body fat distribution was calculated as AFM/TBF. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2PEAK) ), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), and resting heart rate (RHR) were measured. Mean artery pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) were calculated. Left atrial diameter (LA) was measured, and left ventricular mass (LVM) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were calculated. Z-scores were calculated. Sum of z-scores for SBP, DBP, MAP, PP, RHR, LVM, LA, RWT, and -VO(2PEAK) were calculated in boys and girls, separately, and used as composite risk factor score. Results Pearson correlations between ln BF%, ln AFM and AFM/TBF versus composite risk factor score for boys were r=0.56, r=0.59, and r=0.48, all P<0.001, and for girls r=0.45, r=0.50, and r=0.48, all P<0.001. Conclusion Total body fat, abdominal fat and body fat distribution were all associated with higher composite risk factor scores for CVD in young children. © 2012 The Author(s)/Acta Paediatrica © 2012 Foundation Acta Paediatrica.
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