| 1. |
- Bengtsson, C, et al.
(författare)
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Co-operation of the MIND-method and the Pinch Technology : Energy Efficient Pre-evaporation of Bleach Plant Filtrate Using Waste Heat
- 1999
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to decrease the environmental impacts caused by the pulp- and paper industry it is nowadays more or less common to perform a closure of the mill. The closure of the bleach plant will result in a minimal intake of fresh water and thereby the effluent will be contaminated to a greater extent. The bleach plant filtrate can be mixed with the black liquor and combusted in the soda recovery boilers. The necessity of pre-evaporating the bleach plant filtrate will thereby arise. In this study some alternatives have been investigated how to process integrate a pre-evaporation plant. Three alternatives have been investigated where the pre-evaporation can be fulfilled by using live steam only or live steam combined with waste heat. It can also be achieved by using a mechanical vapour recompression unit, which uses low temperature waste heat to accomplish the pre-evaporation. Due to the complexity of the mill two different methods have been used to evaluate the alternatives for pre-evaporation. The pinch-method is used on a lower aggregation level where the different components for pre-evaporation is considered, while the MIND-method is used on the higher aggregation level to take into account the whole mill. Two different scenarios have been studied, one with the existing electricity prices and one with an increase of the electricity prices with 50%. In both scenarios it is shown preferable to use the live steam/waste heat alternative compared to the ”worst case”, using mere live steam. The investment costs for the live steam/waste heat case will imply that the payback period will be approximately 3.5 years. The mechanical vapour recompression alternative is shown profitable with the existing electricity prices, compared to the live steam case. But due to the high investment costs it gives an unacceptable payback period. When the electricity price is increased by 50% it shows not profitable. In case of an increase of the fuel prices the mechanical vapour recompression alternative will be more profitable due to the usage of less fuel compared to the other cases.
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| 2. |
- Boyer, Gilbert, et al.
(författare)
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Four-wave mixing of femtosecond pump-probe pulses in optical fibers
- 1999
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Ingår i: Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nonlinear propagation of a pump-probe pulse pair in an optical fiber has been extensively studied both experimentally, numerically and theoretically. In particular, it has been shown that the probe can attain a spectral shift under the influence of cross-phase modulation (XPM) from the pump, an effect having important applications in e. g. optical switching and demultiplexing.
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| 3. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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A robust differential logic style with NMOS logic nets
- 1997
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Ingår i: Proc. IEE Int. Workshop on Signal Processing, IWSSIP'97. ; , s. 61-64
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a new dynamic differential logic style is presented. A non-precharged single phase clocking scheme is used. The logic is suitable for high speed and low power operation in both bit-serial and bit-parallel implementations, since all logic nets are purely in NMOS and merged with the latches. The logic style is also robust for clock slope and yield a data noise margin equal to Vdd/2.
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| 4. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Design and implementation of a complex multiplier using distributed arithmetic
- 1997
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Ingår i: Proc. IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems, SIPS'97. - 0780338065 ; , s. 222-231
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose an efficient scheme for implementing a complex multiplier based on distributed arithmetic. A modified bit-serial shift-accumulator for distributed arithmetic is also proposed for computing a*b+c, where a, b and c are complex numbers. The shift-accumulator is highly regular and modular and consists of only three types of bit-slices, each of which consists of only three types of blocks, multiplexers, exclusive OR gates, and latches. The implementation is done using a robust differential single-phase clocked logic style suitable for high-speed and low power operation. The resulting implementation of the complex multiplier has a maximum clock frequency of 250 MHz, consumes 70 mW, and occupies a chip area of 0.5 mm2 in a double-metal 0.8 μm process. The coefficient word length and the data word length are 12 bits and 16 bits, respectively
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| 5. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of bit-serial adders using robust differential logic
- 1997
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Ingår i: Proc. NORCHIP'97. ; , s. 366-373
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper two bit-serial carry save adders are implemented using a recently proposed differential logic style. The clocking scheme uses a single clock phase with non-precharged stages of logic that may be merged with the latches or the flip-flops. A novel flip-flop structure is used in one of the adders, which significantly lowers the number of clocked transistors. The logic style used in the adder realizations suits high speed and low power operation in both bit-serial and bit-parallel implementations, since all logic nets are purely in NMOS. The logic style is also robust for clock slope and yields a data noise margin equal to Vdd/2. The adders reached a maximal clock frequency of 300 MHz in a 0.8 mm process with a 3.0 V power supply voltage.
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| 6. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Low-swing charge recycle bus drivers
- 1998
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Ingår i: Proc. 1998 IEEE Int. Symp. on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS'98. - 0780344553 ; , s. II-117-II-120
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper two robust bus drivers combining low-swing and semi-adiabatic charge recycling technique are presented. The drivers use a novel concept with Schmitt-triggers as voltage sensors. Hence, voltage references are not required. The drivers reduces the power consumption by 55 and 72 percent, respectively.
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Novel low-swing bus-drivers and charge-recycle architectures
- 1997
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Ingår i: IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems, SIPS 97. - 0780338065 ; , s. 141-150
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper novel single-rail low-swing bus-drivers based on schmitt-triggers as voltage level sensors are presented. Two novel 4-transistor schmitt-triggers with non-symmetrical trigger-voltage levels are also proposed. The power dissipation for the single rail low-swing bus-driver is reduced by 48 percent compared to a full-swing driver. Finally, two novel semi-adiabatic charge-recycle circuits are proposed. The power savings for these circuits are 45 and 65 percent, respectively. A data rate of 200 Mbit/s per driver has been reached in a double metal 0.8 μm process.
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| 8. |
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