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| 2. |
- Risberg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Dissociated expression of Bcl-2 and Ki-67 in endometrial lesions : diagnostic and histogenetic implications
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Gynecological Pathology. - Philadelphia, USA : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0277-1691 .- 1538-7151. ; 21:2, s. 155-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the present study was to analyze the expression of the proliferation marker, Ki-67, and the anti-apoptotic protein, bcl-2, in various endometrial lesions. Ki-67 and bcl-2 expressions were studied in 194 specimens of endometrial hyperplasia, polyps, carcinomas, and cyclic endometrium from a defined geographic area. Results were statistically analyzed with respect to marker expression, localization to the stromal or glandular component, and intraglandular topography. The lowest glandular Ki-67 expression was seen in secretory endometrium, in polyps, and in atypical hyperplasia. The Ki-67 score was significantly higher and less heterogeneous in endometrial carcinomas than in hyperplasia (p<0.001). Endometrial hyperplasia of all types was characterized by a markedly heterogeneous glandular expression of Ki-67. The glandular expression of bcl-2 was highest in proliferative endometrium and polyps. Bcl-2 expression was significantly lower in adenocarcinomas than in hyperplastic lesions (p=0.002). Ki-67 and bcl-2 expression showed a significant association in proliferative endometrium (p=0.003). Endometrial polyps demonstrated a unique pattern of very low expression of Ki-67 and high bcl-2 expression in both stroma and glands. Our findings indicate that an imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis may be an important factor in the development of different endometrial lesions, benign as well as malignant. The specific finding of inter- and intraglandular Ki-67 heterogeneity may be valuable as an adjunct to morphology in the differential diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia.
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| 3. |
- Agerso¸, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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The dosing solution influence on the pharmacokinetics of degarelix, a new GnRH antagonist, after s.c. administration to beagle dogs.
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-0987 .- 1879-0720. ; 20:3, s. 335-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Degarelix (FE200486) is a new GnRH-receptor antagonist intended for the treatment of prostate cancer. The objective of the present analysis was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of degarelix after subcutaneous (s.c.) and intra-muscular (i.m.) administration to male beagle dogs, and to determine the influence of the different dosing conditions on the absorption profile of degarelix. Methods Degarelix was administered to 27 dogs and plasma concentrations were measured. The dosing conditions varied with respect to route (s.c. or i.m.), dose (0.25–1.5 mg/kg), solution strength (1.25–40 mg/ml) and volume administered (0.15–2.9 ml). Data were analysed by use of non-linear mixed effect modelling to characterize the pharmacokinetics, in particular the relationship between dosing conditions and rate, and extent of absorption. Results After s.c. and i.m. administration of degarelix, the plasma concentration versus time profile was best described by applying a two-compartment model, with two input functions: a fast first-order input function to describe the rapid initial increase in the plasma concentration levels, and a slow first-order input function to describe the prolonged absorption profile of degarelix. Intra-muscular as opposed to s.c. administration led to a more rapid absorption of degarelix, reaching a mean maximum concentration of 64 and 31 ng/ml roughly 2.0 and 3.7 h after administration, respectively. The slow absorption half-life was found to be 268 h (∼11 days). The relative fraction absorbedwas found to vary with the concentration of the dosing solution. The present analysis suggested that the absorbed fractionwas reduced by approximately 50% when the concentration in dosing solution was increased from 1.25 to 40 mg/ml. The rate of the initial absorption component was also dependent on the concentration in the dosing solution, with slower absorption at higher concentrations. Conclusion Through varying the dosing conditions and by applying a joint analysis of all data, the important factors determining the complex absorption of degarelix could be described.
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| 5. |
- Astrand, Per, et al.
(författare)
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A three-year follow-up report of a comparative study of ITI Dental Implants and Bråemark System implants in the treatment of the partially edentulous maxilla.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. - 1523-0899. ; 6:3, s. 130-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Many longitudinal studies of different implant systems have been published but few controlled randomized investigations have been reported. A 1-year report of a comparative study of ITI Dental Implant System implants (Straumann AG, Waldenburg, Switzerland) and Branemark System implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) has been published by the present authors. This paper is a 3-year follow-up of that randomized study. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to compare the outcome of fixed partial prostheses supported by ITI or Branemark implants. The outcome was evaluated primarily in terms of survival rates and changes in marginal bone level. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group comprised 28 patients with anterior residual dentition in the maxilla. The patients were provided with two to four implants on each side of the dentition and were randomly allocated to Branemark implants or ITI implants; 77 ITI implants and 73 Branemark implants were inserted. After 6 months abutment connections were made to both ITI and Branemark implants. All patients were provided with fixed partial prostheses of gold-ceramic. The patients were followed up annually with clinical and radiographic examinations for 3 years RESULTS: Two Branemark implants and two ITI implants were lost. The Branemark implants were lost before loading whereas the ITI implants were lost because of periimplantitis. The survival rate for both groups was 97.3%. The mean marginal bone level of the Branemark implants was situated 1.8 mm from the reference point at both the baseline and the 3-year examinations. The corresponding values for the ITI implants were 1.4 mm at baseline and 1.3 mm after 3 years. There was no significant difference between the implant systems with regard to bone level or bone level change. A steady state of the marginal bone level was calculated to have been reached after 3 years for 95.5% of the Branemark implants and 87.1% of the ITI implants. Periimplantitis (infection including pus and bone loss) was observed with seven ITI implants but with none of the Branemark implants. This difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: No statistically significant differences were found between the implants studied, except for the frequency of periimplantitis, which was higher for the ITI implants. The survival rates were high, and the marginal bone loss was small for both systems.
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| 7. |
- Bengtsson, Cecilia, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Co-ordination of pinch technology and the MIND method : applied to a Swedish board mill
- 2002
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - 1359-4311 .- 1873-5606. ; 22:2, s. 133-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By combining the pinch technology and the MIND method, it is possible to identify beneficial and energy-efficient measures in a complex industrial energy system. By tackling a problem on the two different aggregation levels, the result is thoroughly evaluated and durable measures are achieved. The strength of the combination of methods is elucidated in a case study where a Scandinavian pulp and paper mill is analysed. The studied problem concerns pre-evaporation of effluents in a board mill using excess heat. Different alternatives are evaluated, taking into account economic, technical and practicable constraints. The results show that it is cost-effective to pre-evaporate the effluent using excess heat in the studied mill.
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| 8. |
- Bengtsson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-efficient CO2-reduction in the pulp and paper industry : a case study
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, 2002. - Porto, Portugal : FEUP. ; , s. EES58-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is generally accepted that human activities have a large influence on global climate. In order to minimize human impact on global warming, regulations and agreements may be introduced for all CO2‑generating sectors. Therefore, measures to reduce CO2-emissions will be of importance to the industrial sector. Strategic decisions and long-term thinking are needed to comply with the regulations and to fulfil the agreements.The pulp and paper industry is an energy intensive sector with relatively large potentials to accomplish energy efficiency measures that result in reduction of CO2-emissions. To settle the cost-effectiveness for each measure a number of system parameters have to be considered, such as investment costs, boundary conditions and reference systems.This paper presents two methods, pinch technology and the MIND method. These methods are used for analysis of industrial energy systems considering different parameters and aspects. Pinch technology is used for thermodynamic and economic evaluation of process integration possibilities and the MIND method is used for strategic evaluation of different energy efficiency measures. Foundation for long-term decision-making can be obtained by co-ordinating the results from the two methods. In this paper, cost-effectiveness has been determined for different energy efficiency measures. The measures are non-conventional evaporation and heat pumping. The case studied is from a Swedish board mill. Economic potentials and consequences for these CO2-reducing measures are discussed from both an industrial and a societal perspective.
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| 9. |
- Bengtsson, Cecilia, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-efficient CO2-reduction in the pulp and paper industry - results from a case study
- 2002
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Ingår i: 1st International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies 12-14 June 2002, Porto, Portugal. ; :paper EES11, s. 7-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is generally accepted that human activities have a large influence on global climate. In order to minimize human impact on global warming, regulations and agreements may be introduced for all CO2 generating sectors. Therefore, measures to reduce CO2-emissions will be of importance to the industrial sector. Strategic decisions and long-term thinking are needed to comply with the regulations and to fulfil the agreements.The pulp and paper industry is an energy intensive sector with relatively large potentials to accomplish energy efficiency measures that result in reduction of CO2-emissions. To settle the cost-effectiveness for each measure a number of system parameters have to be considered, such as investment costs, boundary conditions and reference systems.This paper presents two methods, pinch technology and the MIND method. These methods are used for analysis of industrial energy systems considering different parameters and aspects. Pinch technology is used for thermodynamic and economic evaluation of process integration possibilities and the MIND method is used for strategic evaluation of different energy efficiency measures. Foundation for long-term decision-making can be obtained by co-ordinating the results from the two methods. In this paper, cost-effectiveness has been determined for different energy efficiency measures. The measures are non-conventional evaporation and heat pumping. The case studied is from a Swedish board mill. Economic potentials and consequences for these CO2-reducing measures are discussed from both an industrial and a societal perspective.
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| 10. |
- Bergh, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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A resonant galvanically separated power MOSFET/IGBT gate driver
- 2004
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Ingår i: 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference. - 0780383990 ; , s. 3243-3247
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides a complete circuit for a low-loss non-conventional power MOSFET or IGBT driver. The driver, which provides galvanically separated input and output signals, is fed from a unipolar DC voltage but provides a bipolar gate-source voltage. The driver applies two, already known, techniques and together they form a resonant galvanically separated power MOSFET/IGBT gate driver. The first technique provides the galvanic separation, voltage level increase (or decrease) for the energy supply and signal transfer to the second technique. The second technique is the driver circuit, which is a resonant circuit that provides good driver properties. Together they form an inexpensive and non-complicated circuit, compared to conventional MOSFET or IGBT drivers. The use of expensive DC-DC converters is avoided and still bipolar gate voltages are provided
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