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- Gilljam, Mikael, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Representatives' Attitudes Toward Citizen Protests in Sweden: The Impact of Ideology, Parliamentary Position and Experiences
- 2012
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Ingår i: Legislative Studies Quarterly. - : Wiley. - 0362-9805. ; 37:2, s. 251-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What affects political representatives' attitudes toward citizen protests? We test the impact of political representatives' left-right ideology, parliamentary position, and earlier experience of citizen protests. Using data from a pioneering survey covering all local political representatives in Sweden (n = 9,101, response rate 70%), we examine attitudes toward controversial noninstitutionalized forms of citizen protests. The results show that representatives to the right show considerably lower protest acceptance than those to the left. Representatives in office show significantly lower levels of acceptance than those of the opposition. Finally, the results show that representatives with more protest experience show higher protest acceptance.
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- Jonsson, Joakim H, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment planning using MRI data: an analysis of the dose calculation accuracy for different treatment regions
- 2010
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Ingår i: Radiation Oncology. - 1748-717X .- 1748-717X. ; 5, s. 62-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Because of superior soft tissue contrast, the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a complement to computed tomography (CT) in the target definition procedure for radiotherapy is increasing. To keep the workflow simple and cost effective and to reduce patient dose, it is natural to strive for a treatment planning procedure based entirely on MRI. In the present study, we investigate the dose calculation accuracy for different treatment regions when using bulk density assignments on MRI data and compare it to treatment planning that uses CT data.METHODS: MR and CT data were collected retrospectively for 40 patients with prostate, lung, head and neck, or brain cancers. Comparisons were made between calculations on CT data with and without inhomogeneity corrections and on MRI or CT data with bulk density assignments. The bulk densities were assigned using manual segmentation of tissue, bone, lung, and air cavities.RESULTS: The deviations between calculations on CT data with inhomogeneity correction and on bulk density assigned MR data were small. The maximum difference in the number of monitor units required to reach the prescribed dose was 1.6%. This result also includes effects of possible geometrical distortions.CONCLUSIONS: The dose calculation accuracy at the investigated treatment sites is not significantly compromised when using MRI data when adequate bulk density assignments are made. With respect to treatment planning, MRI can replace CT in all steps of the treatment workflow, reducing the radiation exposure to the patient, removing any systematic registration errors that may occur when combining MR and CT, and decreasing time and cost for the extra CT investigation.
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- Jonsson, Joakim, 1984-
(författare)
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Integration of MRI into the radiotherapy workflow
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The modern day radiotherapy treatments are almost exclusively based on computed tomography (CT) images. The CT images are acquired using x-rays, and therefore reflect the radiation interaction properties of the material. This information is used to perform accurate dose calculation by the treatment planning system, and the data is also well suited for creating digitally reconstructed radiographs for comparing patient set up at the treatment machine where x-ray images are routinely acquired for this purpose.The magnetic resonance (MR) scanner has many attractive features for radiotherapy purposes. The soft tissue contrast as compared to CT is far superior, and it is possible to vary the sequences in order to visualize different anatomical and physiological properties of an organ. Both of these properties may contribute to an increase in accuracy of radiotherapy treatment.Using the MR images by themselves for treatment planning is, however, problematic. MR data reflects the magnetic properties of protons, and thus have no connection to the radiointeraction properties of the material. MRI also has inherent difficulty in imaging bone, which will appear in images as areas of no signal similar to air. This makes both dose calculation and patient positioning at the treatment machine troublesome.There are several clinics that use MR images together with CT images to perform treatment planning. The images are registered to a common coordinate system, a process often described as image fusion. In these cases, the MR images are primarily used for target definition and the CT images are used for dose calculations. This method is now not ideal, however, since the image fusion may introduce systematic uncertainties into the treatment due to the fact that the tumor is often able to move relatively freely with respect to the patients’ bony anatomy and outer contour, especially when the image registration algorithms take the entire patient anatomy in the volume of interest into account.The work presented in the thesis “Integration of MRI into the radiotherapy workflow” aim towards investigating the possibilities of workflows based entirely on MRI without using image registration, as well as workflows using image registration methods that are better suited for targets that can move with respect to surrounding bony anatomy, such as the prostate.
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- Kullander, Sven, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Chalinochromis cyanophleps, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika
- 2014
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Ingår i: Zootaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1175-5326 .- 1175-5334. ; 3790:3, s. 425-438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chalinochromis cyanophleps is described from nine specimens, the largest 129 mm SL, from Namansi. It differs fromother species of Chalinochromis in plain trunk colouration, absence of black stripes on the head, relatively narrow lips, presence of tricuspid jaw teeth, and presence of five rather than four dentary lateralis foramina. The blue iridescent stripe below the eye is shared with other lamprologin cichlids, but is broader and more conspicuous in C. cyanophleps. Chalinochromis cyanophleps occurs at depths between 6 and 45 m in rocky habitats along the Tanzanian coast of Lake Tanganyika,from Mvuna Island south to Kalala Island, a stretch of about 90 km. Field observations were made of specimens up to 18 cm total length. The COI DNA barcode sequence differs by 1.8% from that of C. popelini.
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- Kullander, Sven, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Description of Neolamprologus timidus, new species, and review of N. furcifer from Lake Tanganyika (Teleostei: Cichlidae)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. - München : Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil. - 0936-9902. ; 24:4, s. 301-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neolamprologus timidus, new species, is described from Ulwile Island and adjacent localities on the Tanzanian coast of Lake Tanganyika. The species was observed or collected along about 100 km of coastline from KolwePoint, Cape Mpimbwe, south to Kisi Island. It is distinguished from the most similar species, N. furcifer, by presenceof scales on most of the cheek, long pectoral fin and pelvic fin with the second ray longer than the first. Neolamprologus timidus is sympatric with N. furcifer at Kolwe Point and south to Kampempa Point, and at Lupitaand Ulwile Islands south to Kisi Island, but N. furcifer is otherwise absent from the range of N. timidus. Two morphologically distinct forms are recognized in N. furcifer. Samples of N. furcifer from Ulwile Island and slightly more southern localities possess a caudal fin with rounded lobes and long middle rays, appearing onlyslightly emarginate. Samples of N. furcifer from Udachi and nearby localities possess pointed caudal-fin lobeswith greatly elongated streamers, similar to N. timidus and to N. furcifer from other parts of Lake Tanganyika, including the type specimens from the southern part of the lake. The variation in caudal-fin shape may be an expression of character displacement as it occurs in the area of sympatry between N. timidus and N. furcifer. MitochondrialDNA sequences are nearly identical in samples of N. furcifer with pointed or rounded caudal fin. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of a large set of lamprologin cichlids using two mitochondrial genes corroborates earlier analyses and places N. furcifer and N. timidus in different clades with different species of Neolamprologus, Julidochromis, Chalinochromis, and Telmatochromis despite sharing a unique combination of fin and bodyshape, and colour pattern. A 4648 base-pair multiloci analysis of a smaller number of species using fragments ofthree mitochondrial and two nuclear genes resolves N. furcifer and N. timidus in sister clades, but the N. timidus clade also includes Telmatochromis brachygnathus, and N. furcifer is sister species of Chalinochromis brichardi.
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| 10. |
- Lind, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Punctuality as performance metrics for efficient transportation systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: 21st World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, ITSWC 2014. - : Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transportation systems are ecosystems building on a high degree of co-production of value performed by multiple actors. In order to guide involved actors and ensure expected performance it becomes necessary to have an agreed performance metrics. Beside operational capacity for the transportation systems as such it is believed that punctuality as a performance metrics would be a solid base enabling different actors to take appropriate actions in planning, realizing, and evaluating their actions in relation to the expectations among involved actors (including beneficiaries) of the transportation system. In this paper, underlying mechanisms for punctuality are explored as the basis for an efficient transportation system.
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